Achievements and problems of engineering cryology

The major landmarks in the history of cryology are noted. The most important developments in the domain of cryogenic engineering are analyzed. The urgency of production and use of industrial gases, especially of helium, is underscored. The potentials of engineering cryology in solving problems of protection of human environment and its use in medicine, space technology, nanotechnologies, etc., are shown. __________ Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftegazovoe Mashinostroenie, No. 7, 27–33, July, 2007.     

Membrane technologies in the solution of environmental problems

The currently available reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and ultrafiltration membrane technologies can be used in the solution of different problems related to the treatment of strongly polluted waters of different origin and the reuse of effluents. Nevertheless, experience in the operation of membrane facilities shows the existence of specific problems due to membrane fouling and measures for its averting. As a result of the extensive studies of the mechanisms of scaling, a new approach was proposed to decrease the fouling of membranes, which consists in the improvement of the construction of a membrane channel and in the selection of membrane characteristics. The developed design of open-channel spiral-wound modules makes it possible to exploit membrane units almost without the danger of scaling and to create new effective water treatment technologies on this basis. Long-term studies and pilot tests made it possible to develop a procedure for the optimization of membrane unit operations with minimum expenditures on electric power, maintenance, and effluent discharge.     

化学工程与工艺专业的煤化工特色建设探讨

本文将阐述化学工程与工艺专业的特色建设要坚持的原则,改进教学方法,为社会培养更多的高素质人才。     

Solution of ecological problems in development and application of motor oils

Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 7, pp. 2–3, July, 1990.     

Chemical engineering protection in primary crude oil refining units

Efficient methods of protecting primary crude oil refining units from corrosion are: using demulsifiers in the electric desalting stage, alkalization of the crude oil before vaporization, use of corrosion inhibitors in atmospheric tower distillate lines. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 17–18, May–June, 2000.     

化工设备的日常维修与细节管理

化工设备的日常管理,就是搞好设备的用管修护,特别是设备管理的细节,更是设备平稳运行的基础。本文介绍了四川石化公司公用工程部在设备细节管理方面所做的工作和成功经验,为确保设备平稳运行起到了关键作用。     

高煤阶煤层气开发工程技术的不适应性及解决思路

为了解决煤层气开发普遍存在的区域储层变化复杂、不同地区工程技术的适应性差异大等问题,基于沁水盆地高煤阶储层的横向变化特征,分析研究了以往煤层气开发中工程技术的应用效果,结合大量室内实验及现场实践,提出了一整套以疏导式开发理念为核心的煤层气开发工程技术思路,形成了以可控水平井和疏通式煤层改造工艺为主体的技术系列。现场应用效果良好,可控水平井钻井周期缩短20%~30%,钻井成本降低30%~50%,直井疏通式改造平均单井日产气增加大于500 m3/ d,有效提高了煤层气开采效益,为今后煤层气高效开发提供了理论与技术支撑。     

AREIS仪器在使用过程中遇到的一些问题及解决方法

东方地球物理公司2006年开始引进加拿大生产的ARAM ARIES地震仪器，其中一套先后在华北和内蒙探区使用并受到好评。文章针对ARIES仪器的特点，介绍了该仪器的一些使用技巧。     

一种快速计算溶解油气比的工程实用方法

天然气在原油中的溶解度是评价油气溶解性的重要参数之一,在工程上需查取图版而得到,结果不够准确、使用不太方便,不适于现场快速应用。为了便于在实际工程中快速准确地计算该参数,在雷萨特的模型上将美国石油协会相对密度与脱气原油摩尔质量的图版进行取点拟合成函数关系,结合原雷萨特关系式将其数学模型归纳推理得到一个新模型,只需要代入绝对压力、温度、脱气原油对水的相对密度以及天然气对空气的相对密度4个已知参数,通过计算机便可快速计算出溶解油气比。研究结果表明:①较之于雷萨特相关式,新模型简化了繁琐的迭代,不仅可以一步到位计算溶解油气比,而且还可以从公式中反映出各个参数是如何影响溶解油气比的;②油气比随着绝对压力的增大而增大、随着温度的增大而减小、随着脱气原油对水相对密度的增大先增大后减小、随着天然气对空气相对密度的增大而减小。结论认为,新模型可以快速、准确地计算出溶解油气比,其计算结果与原雷萨特模型符合度高;新方法提高了工程上计算溶解油气比的效率及准确性,可以推广使用。     

CGCS2000在石油工程应用中存在的问题与解决方案探讨

随着空间技术的兴起和发展,地心坐标系的应用日益流行。探讨和解决CGCS2000在石油工程应用中存在的问题已势在必行,以期得到相关部门的重视与支持,尽快推动现行国家坐标系(1954年北京坐标系及1980西安坐标系)的各类测绘成果及地理信息系统等资料转换到2000国家大地坐标系工作的开展。