大港孔店油田产生物表面活性剂本源茵研究

从大港孔店油田分离出一株嗜中温产生物表面活性剂菌株dgbs25,经生理生化和16SrDNA分子鉴定,该茵与根癌土壤杆菌最为相近;该菌株在含有烃类物质的培养基中产生生物表面活性物质,其最适温度为42℃,最适pH值为7;产生的生物表面活性剂使培养液的表面张力从69.72mN/m下降到35.23mN/m,生物表面活性剂的产量为3.6g/L,对柴油的乳化活性最大达到68%,对液蜡的乳化活性可达到100%.该产生物表面活性剂菌可应用于微生物提高原油采收率(MEOR).     

大港孔店油田产生物表面活性剂本源菌研究

从大港孔店油田分离出一株嗜中温产生物表面活性剂菌株dgbs25，经生理生化和16SrDNA分子鉴定，该菌与根癌土壤杆菌最为相近；该菌株在含有烃类物质的培养基中产生生物表面活性物质，其最适温度为42℃，最适pH值为7；产生的生物表面活性剂使培养液的表面张力从69.72mN／m下降到35.23mN／m。生物表面活性剂的产量为3.6g／L。对柴油的乳化活性最大达到68％。对液蜡的乳化活性可达到100％。该产生物表面活性剂菌可应用于微生物提高原油采收率（MEOR）。     

诱变后抗高温防蜡菌的性能评价和机理分析

为提高防蜡菌KB的抗高温能力,对其进行紫外诱变,诱变后菌株命名为KB28。KB28在60～70℃的繁殖、代谢表活剂和降解原油能力都明显强于原始株KB,防蜡率受高温影响不大,可达77.5%。诱变菌在30～50℃条件下的繁殖能力和降解原油能力较诱变前均没有明显增加;不过在35～60℃范围内,诱变菌株的防蜡率和代谢表活剂能力均有显著提高。诱变菌在致病性方面的突变没有出现,可以安全使用。     

微生物对含蜡原油的除蜡降黏效果

为提高含蜡原油的开采与运输效率,挖掘高效嗜蜡菌,笔者以石蜡为唯一碳源,从石油污染土壤中分离出一株嗜蜡菌,对其进行优化培养后,考察了该嗜蜡菌对大庆含蜡原油的除蜡降黏效果,并对其代谢产生的生物表面活性剂性能进行测定。结果表明：该嗜蜡菌能代谢产生脂肽类表面活性剂,具有较强的疏水性及乳化性能;其与含蜡原油作用7 d后,含蜡原油蜡质量分数降低43%、黏度下降18%。该嗜蜡菌对含蜡原油具有一定除蜡降黏作用,可以提高原油流动性能。     

热带假丝酵母菌对含油污泥的修复潜力研究

目的 从油田含油土壤中筛选出了一株石油高效降解菌株—热带假丝酵母菌,实验对其降解石油的特性进行研究。方法 通过红外光谱及薄层色谱对热带假丝酵母菌的代谢产物进行分析,并采用气相色谱法及四组分实验对热带假丝酵母菌降解前后的石油含量及组成进行了检测。结果 实验发现,该菌株的适宜生长温度为30～35℃,当温度为32℃时,其在7天内对石油的降解率可以达到81.6%,而且对较难降解的芳香烃和沥青质也有良好的降解效果。针对初始含油率为5.21%的含油污泥,其在90天内对石油的降解率达到80.5%。结论 实验所筛选的热带假丝酵母菌能够以葡萄糖和原油为唯一碳源代谢脂肽类生物表面活性剂,该脂肽表面活性剂具有很强的表面活性,对石油具有良好的乳化分散作用,且该菌株对原油具有很高的降解效率。实验所筛选的热带假丝酵母菌在含油土壤的修复方面具有良好的应用潜力。     

高效原油降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性分析

为了明确地域微生物对原油的降解功效、确保延长油田微生物+膜处理含油污水工艺的平稳运行,从陕北吴起县石油污染的农田土壤中筛选出6株具有原油降解作用的菌株。通过形态学观察、生理生化实验、分子生物学鉴定(16Sr DNA)和气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)分析,研究了菌株的生长特性以及对原油的降解率。结果表明,筛选的6株菌分别为P1氧化微杆菌(Microbacterium oxydans)、P2中间苍白杆菌(Ochrobactrum intermedium)、P3粪产碱菌(Alcaligenesfaecalis)、P4侧孢短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus laterosporus)、P5寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas)和P6铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa),培养驯化7 d后对原油的降解率分别为83.47%、81.60%、85.30%、81.11%、90.58%和93.16%;菌株对原油中长碳链烃类的降解效果显著,可在降解过程中产生一定量的表面活性物质,发酵液基质表面张力的最大降幅为53.19%。     

哈萨克斯坦PKKR原油特性及HS防蜡剂的研究

 采用气相色谱、核磁共振和DSC热分析等方法,分析了哈萨克斯坦PKKR原油的组成和结构。采用显微镜和接触角仪研究了HS防蜡剂对哈萨克斯坦PKKR原油的防蜡机理。结果表明,哈萨克斯坦PKKR油井结蜡严重的主要原因是原油中沥青质+胶质与蜡的质量比低、采出液含水量低、原油中溶解气量较多、原油含高碳蜡且蜡的支链度低和井口温度低于析蜡点。HS防蜡剂对PKKR原油的防蜡率大于60%（部分油井防蜡率大于90%）。HS防蜡剂通过改变原油中蜡晶的结构,抑制其形成三维网状结构;改变蜡沉积表面的水润湿性能,形成不利于蜡沉积的表面,从而达到降低结蜡的目的。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对原油作用的初探

从油藏中分离出的枯草芽孢杆菌 (Bacillussubtilis)SP4为运动的、产芽孢的革兰氏阳性杆状细胞。细菌的生长温度范围比较广 ,最高生长温度为 5 8℃ ,最佳生长温度为 32～ 4 8℃。细菌可在 7%NaCl溶液中生长 ,在pH为 5 5～ 8 5时生长良好。SP4菌株能够使多种碳水化合物发酵产酸 ,兼性厌氧生长 ;能够产生挥发性脂肪酸、有机酸、酮、醚、酯和生物表面活性物质等代谢产物。SP4菌株能够转化和降解不同原油的芳烃、非烃和沥青质组分以及极性有机硫化合物和有机氮化合物 ,降低原油的重质馏分含量 ,改善原油的物理化学性质。将该细菌应用于油田 ,有利于提高原油采收率。     

枯草芽孢杆菌地原油作用的初探

从油藏中分离出的枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis)SP4为运动的、产芽孢的革兰氏阳性杆状细胞。细菌的生长温度范围比较广，最高生长温度为58℃，最佳生长温度的为32-48℃。细菌可在7%NaCl溶液中生长，在pH为5.5-8.5时生长良好。SP4菌株能够使多种碳水化合物发酵产酸，兼性厌氧生长；能够产生挥发性脂肪酸、有机酸、酮、醚、酯和生物表面活性物质等代谢产物。SP4菌株能够转化和降解不同原油的芳烃、非烃和沥青质组分以及极性有机硫化合物和有机氮化合物，降低原油的重质馏分含量，改善原油的重质馏分含量，改善原油的物理化学性质。将该细菌应用于油田，有利于提高原油采收率。     

萨北过渡带本原微生物采油菌种的评价研究

为有效开发萨北过渡带地区低产低效及稠油井，进行了本原微生物采油菌种的培养、筛选、分离和提纯，获得了本原微生物降粘菌种并对其性能进行了评价。筛选菌种经乳化、降粘实验等综合评价，对萨北过渡带原油有一定的效果，能利用原油组分产气、有机酸和生物表面活性剂等代谢产物。测试结果表明，配伍菌的效果好于单菌株，特别是对原油粘度大于80mPa·s、含蜡大于20％、含胶高于30％的油样效果突出，降蜡率平均为20．2％；降胶率在15％～25％。筛选菌种对提高原油采收率具有明显的作用。     

Pseudomonas aeruginosa菌的原油除蜡降黏性能

采用单细胞Raman-D2O同位素标记技术确定了5种原油嗜蜡菌中的优势菌种;考察了其最佳生长条件,并对其代谢产物及其对原油的除蜡降黏性能进行测定.结果表明:优势原油嗜蜡菌种为SS1,属于铜绿假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas aeruginosa);其最佳生长条件为温度36℃、pH值7、NaCl质量浓度5 g/L;该菌...     

Some biosurfactants used as pour point depressant for waxy egyptian crude oil

Two bacteria (B1 and B2) were isolated from soil-contaminated sites. The surface properties of biosurfactants produced by these bacteria were determined. These bacteria were given a good resistance to NaCl concentration up to 20%. The surface activity was detected with maximum value at pH7 with B1, whereas B2 was not affected by the change pH (3–12). The biosurfactants of these bacteria were added as a mixture or individual to crude oil given the good result in reducing the pour point. The infrared spectrum of wax or asphaltene fractions of Egyptian crude oil untreated and treated with biosurfactants was detected.     

高效驱油菌Ⅰ的选育与岩芯模拟驱油实验研究

1. Introduction The majority of oil fields in China have entered the late stage of tertiary oil recovery with a high water cut, at which the chemical flooding and polymer flooding have been the main enhancing oil recovery technology and seen widespread us…     

驱油菌株的筛选及其驱油效果评价

从大庆油田油水样中分离出能以原油为唯一碳源产生生物表面活性剂的9株驱油菌,通过考察生物表面活性剂的排油活性、乳化性能、发酵液pH值、发酵液表面张力、产气量和发酵原油粘度,筛选出一株高效驱油菌DQ11,并在不同温度、盐度和pH值条件下,通过驱油菌对原油降粘效果的测定,得出该菌株的适宜生长条件.模拟驱油实验结果表明,DQ11菌株可以使原油增产率高达25.6%,驱油效果较好,具有现场应用前景.     

A Comparative Study of Biosurfactant Synthesis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Samples

Abstract

Evaluation of emulsifying activities indicates that biosurfactants were produced by an environmental (strain EP1) and a clinical (strain CP1) species of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During growth on hydrocarbons, the organisms produced biosurfactants. Both strains grew luxuriantly on motor oil and readily synthesized abundant surfactants at the expense of easily metabolizable substrates. During a 12-day cultivation on motor oil, the organisms produced growth-associated extracellular surfactants with emulsification activities of 71 and 38% for EP1 and CP1, respectively. The generation times obtained for EP1 and CP1 were 1.74 and 2.66 days. The biosurfactants that could not be secreted on glucose were partially purified and putatively identified as rhamnolipids. The surface-active compounds present high emulsification activity and stability in the pH range of 3.0–10.0, temperature range of 4°C–100°C, and salinity range of 16–44% and are capable of stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions with several hydrocarbons. Typical emulsions produced were stable for several weeks. The results also showed that the biosurfactants were able to remove a significant amount of crude oil from contaminated soil; for instance, strain EP1 surfactant removed 54%, CP1 41%, detergent 42%, and water 30%. The rhamnolipids from these strains represent a new class of biosurfactants that have potential for use in a variety of biotechnological and industrial applications where extremes of pH, thermal, and saline conditions would have little or no effect on activity.     

Application of Biosurfactants to Wettability Alteration and IFT Reduction in Enhanced Oil Recovery From Oil–Wet Carbonates

To obtain potentially applicable microorganisms to an effective in situ microbial enhanced oil recovery operation, bacteria that were compatible with the harsh conditions of a petroleum reservoir were isolated from a crude oil sample. The application of an oil spreading technique showed that all of the isolates were capable of producing biosurfactants from both the glucose and crude oil as carbon sources. The secreted biosurfactants could at least reduce the surface tension 20 mN/m and for one of the isolates; the surface tension value dropped below 40 mN/m. In addition, the contact angle measurements revealed that the produced biosurfactants could effectively alter the wettability of the oil saturated rock samples. At last, the effect of isolates and their biosurfactants on improving oil production from oil saturated rock samples was investigated. It was observed that the presence of bacteria in the system could increase the amount of produced oil in comparison with the case where cell free biosurfactants were utilized.     

南美原油性质及加工方案的研究

通过南美原油综合评价研究了其基本性质,并对各不同窄馏分进行了分析。结果表明,该类原油呈现密度大、黏度大、酸值高、凝点低、蜡含量低和碳氢比较高的特点,属于高硫环烷基原油。该原油的窄馏分性质考察表明,初馏点～140℃馏分的硫含量较高、氮含量低,环烷烃含量和芳烃含量较高,可考虑作为催化重整原料,120～240℃馏分可考虑在精制后生产喷气燃料,200～350℃的柴油馏分,可经过精制脱硫后作为-10号低凝柴油的调合组分,350～450℃馏分作为减压蜡油馏分,其收率较高,硫含量高,残炭、金属钒含量低,饱和烃和氢含量较低,可作为加氢裂化原料或加氢预精制后作催化裂化原料。总体分析该类原油轻质馏分收率低,沥青收率高,总拔出率低,并且沥青质和胶质含量高,不宜于直接生产汽柴油,可通过调合或改性工艺生产优质的重交道路沥青。结合原油及各馏分油的性质,提出了利用南美原油生产燃料油和重交道路沥青的加工方案。     

An Evaluation of the Performance of Selected Wax Inhibitors on Paraffin Deposition of Nigerian Crude Oils

Paraffin deposition in oil production constitutes a critical and difficult to control problem, in terms of productivity and production operation costs, going from the reservoir to surface facilities. In Nigeria, operators spend millions of dollars each year to control the deposition of paraffin and to deal with other paraffin deposition related problems. Expenditures of this magnitude obviously have a significant impact on profits. The main purpose of this work is to assess the net effect of many commercial wax inhibitors on paraffin deposition from a wide range of waxy crude oil systems in Nigeria for the selection of an efficient additive. Deposition from a wide range of waxy crude oil systems from Nigerian oilfields were examined with and without chemical wax deposition inhibitors. The devices used to produce the deposits investigated were cold spot and dynamic flow wax deposition apparatus capable of producing field-like deposits with relatively small volumes of oil in minutes. Results show that most of the commercial wax inhibitors tested could decrease the deposition of wax, but none has the economical capability to solve the paraffin deposition problem for an extended period of time. One intriguing result was that the addition of xylene improved the performance of three wax inhibitors tested. It was also observed that there are subtle differences in inhibitor performance depending on deposition tendencies of crude oil.     

Microbial treatment of waxy crude oil for mitigating wax precipitation and improving liquidity

The wax deposition of crude oil during transportation reduces the inner diameter, blocks the pipeline, and eventually increases the cost of petroleum production. This study reports a paraffin-degrading bacterial strain DG2 isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil. The effect of this strain on the removal of paraffin in crude oil was investigated. DG2, identified as Pseudomonas, produced biosurfactant that reduced the surface tension to 35.7?mN/m^?1 and exhibited high emulsification activity. Results of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the waxy crude oil treated by DG2 showed decreased heavy hydrocarbon fractions (C25 and C32). The degradation test revealed that DG2 reduced the wax appearance temperature by 4.16?°C and the viscosity by 23% of the waxy crude oil. These findings indicate that paraffin-degradation strain DG2 may be used for effective paraffin biodegradation.