Light microscopical detection of single 5 and 20 nm gold particles used for immunolabelling of plasma membrane antigens with silver enhancement and reflection contrast

To detect plasma membrane antigens, cytocentrifuge preparations of the macrophage-like cell line P388D1 were incubated with monoclonal antibodies and labelled with 5 and 20 nm gold particles conjugated to immunoglobulins or protein A. The 20 nm, but not the 5 nm, particles could be observed by reflection-contrast light microscopy. Single 5 nm particles, however, were clearly demonstrable with silver contrast enhancement, both in absorption contrast and in reflection contrast. The method proved to be compatible with cytochemical methods such as acid phosphatase.     

Review of principles and methods applied to the optimum calculation and design of externally-pressurized bearings: Part 1: Low/moderate speed bearings

A review is presented of the main calculations, design principles and methods for optimization of externally-pressurized bearings (EPBs). Several EPB optimizing aspects are presented followed by a brief presentation of various author's approaches to this problem. To permit more systematic use of the available information an overall classification of the possible solutions to the problem is given. Starting from the speed criterion, the differences in calculation and optimization between low-speed and high-speed bearings respectively are presented by means of the concept of the hybrid bearing. This paper treats only the problem of low/moderate-speed bearings, using classical methods. The recommended values are given comparatively as optimum for the main geometric and functional parameters.     

An approach to the study of plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication in the wire drawing process part 1: Experimental

This paper describes an experimental study of hydrodynamic lubrication in wire drawing in which different types of lubricants (straight oils, emulsions and grease) are used. The experiments were conducted on a specially designed laboratory wiredrawing test rig, to assess the frictional force and film thickness, while drawing an aluminium wire at different speeds. Hydro-dynamic performance, including frictional force and film thickness, were measured and plotted graphically, showing lubricant and drawing speed as the main influences. Results indicate that the frictional force decreased and the oil film thickness increased using straight oils with high viscosity at high drawing speed.