Electrochemical properties of polyethylene membrane modified with sulfonic and phosphonic acid groups

Ion-exchange membranes modified with sulfonic (-SO₃H) and phosphonic acid (-PO₃H) groups were prepared by radiation-induced grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto polyethylene (PE) films and sub-sequent sulfonation and phosphonation of poly(GMA) graft chains. The surface area, thickness and volume of grafted PE film increased with increasing grafting yield. The specific electrical resistance of PE membrane modified with the -PO₃H and -SO₃H groups decreased with increasing the ion-exchange capacity. The PE membrane modified with -PO₃H group had a lower specific electrical resistance than that of PE membrane modified with -SO₃H group.     

Synthesis, characterization and properties of chitosan modified with poly(ethylene glycol)-polydimethylsiloxane amphiphilic block copolymers

Synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol)-polydimethylsiloxane amphiphilic block copolymers is discussed herein. Siloxane prepolymer was first prepared via acid-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄) to form polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) prepolymers. It was subsequently functionalized with hydroxy functional groups at both terminals. The hydroxy-terminated PDMS can readily react with acid-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG diacid) to give PEG-PDMS block copolymers without using any solvent. The PEG diacid was prepared from hydroxy-terminated PEG through the ring-opening reaction of succinic anhydride. Their chemical structures and molecular weights were characterized using ¹H NMR, FTIR and GPC, and thermal properties were determined by DSC. The PEG-PDMS copolymer was incorporated into chitosan in order that PDMS provided surface modification and PEG provided good water swelling properties to chitosan. Critical surface energy and swelling behavior of the modified chitosan as a function of the copolymer compositions and contents were investigated.     

接枝改性壳聚糖负载铂纳米簇杂化膜催化苯加氢反应研究

对壳聚糖(CS)进行甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)的接枝改性,并与Pt纳米簇进行杂化,制备出Pt/CS-g-GMA杂化膜。采用TEM、XRD、1HNMR和XPS等手段对杂化膜结构进行了表征,并研究了其对苯液相加氢反应的催化性能。结果显示:相对于壳聚糖负载铂纳米簇杂化膜催化剂(Pt/CS),使用Pt/CS-g-GMA杂化膜催化苯加氢反应,苯的转化率大幅度提高,从0.54%增加到了2.14%,环己烯的选择性一直保持在55%左右。而使用纯铂纳米簇催化剂时,产物中没有环己烯生成。因此,CS-g-GMA膜在控制苯选择性加氢反应中起到了重要作用。GMA基团的引入改变了壳聚糖的结晶度,增加了膜在苯中的溶胀度,详细讨论了杂化膜的结构、膜的溶胀度以及催化性能之间的关系。     

Removal of copper by modified chitosan adsorptive membrane

In this study, a novel adsorptive membrane was prepared from chitosan as the functional polymer and some additive blend solutions by solution casting method. The modified chitosan membrane was characterized by FTIR and its Water Swelling Ratio (WSR). The adsorption of copper ions on the adsorptive membrane was investigated in batch experiments. The results obtained from the experiments indicated that the membrane had a good adsorption capacity for copper ions, the optimal ionic strength and pH were 0.1 and 5–6, respectively. Compared with the Langmuir isotherm model, the experimental data were found to be following the Freundlich model.     

Structures,properties, and alkali metal ion transport membrane of polyelectrolyte complexes consisting of methyl glycol chitosan,glycol chitosan,and poly(vinyl sulfate)

Mixtures of methyl glycol chitosan and glycol chitosan were reacted with poly(vinyl sulfate) to form many different water-insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) in aqueous solution at various hydrogen ion concentrations. It was revealed from elemental analyses, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and solubilities of PEC that molecular structures of each PEC are dependent on [H⁺]. PEC membranes were made from casting solutions of all kinds of PEC, and transport phenomena through the membrane of PEC prepared in a pH 13.0 solution were investigated under various conditions. The transport ratio of Na⁺ and the electric potential difference between the left- and right-hand sides of the membrane were measured, and it is suggested that the driving force for active transport depends on the membrane potential, Donnan potential and diffusion potential. Moreover, permeability of K⁺ was higher than that of Na⁺ in selective transport.     

N-乙酰化壳聚糖超滤膜的分离性能

采用DMAc、乙酸酐和乙酰氯为乙酰化试剂对壳聚糖超滤膜进行乙酰化改性，研究了乙酰化壳聚糖超滤膜对酸性红B的分离效率。结果表明，随着乙酰化试剂用量的提高，壳聚糖膜的截留率增大，而渗透通量则逐渐降低，其中加入乙酰氯后截留率提高程度最大，截留率可达99%以上，而渗透通量的降低程度最小。     

N-乙酰化壳聚糖超滤膜的物理机械性能

以DMAc、乙酸酐、乙酰氯为乙酰化试剂对壳聚糖超滤膜进行乙酰化改性。结果表明，乙酰化壳聚糖超滤膜耐酸碱性均较好，乙酰化后膜的弯曲强度、湿状态下的拉伸强度、柔软性等物理机械性能均有明显提高，其中加入乙酰氯的壳聚糖膜湿态下的拉伸强度提高程度最大。     

Thermal properties of PET modified by neopentyl glycol

以对苯二甲酸、乙二醇为主要原料,添加第三单体新戊二醇合成了一系列不同NPG含量的共聚酯（PENT）,利用差示扫描热（DSC）研究了NPG对PET性能的影响。结果表明,随着NPG含量的增加,共聚酯的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）、熔点（Tm）和熔融结晶温度（Tmc）降低,冷结晶温度（Tc）升高,结晶能力逐渐减弱。     

新戊二醇共聚改性PET热性能研究

以对苯二甲酸、乙二醇为主要原料,添加第三单体新戊二醇合成了一系列不同NPG含量的共聚酯(PENT),利用差示扫描热(DSC)研究了NPG对PET性能的影响。结果表明,随着NPG含量的增加,共聚酯的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、熔点(Tm)和熔融结晶温度(Tmc)降低,冷结晶温度(Tc)升高,结晶能力逐渐减弱。     

Electrorheological properties of chemically modified chitosan suspension with various functional pendants

In this study, functional pendants of chitosan were focused on enhancing the shear stress of electrorheological (ER) fluids. Chitosan succinates and chitosan phthalate were synthesized for ER particles and ER fluids were prepared by dispersing the particles in silicone oil. After comparing the shear stress of all prepared ER fluids, obtained conclusions were that ER particle having two functional groups (one is +ve charge and another is ?ve charge) showed higher shear stress than that having only one functional group like the comparison between chitosan succinate(I) and chitosan succinate(II). However, though expect of the intermolecular overlapping between the π electrons clouds supporting the charge carrier generation and transport leading to a significant delocalization of electrons, chitosan phthalate shows lower shear stress than chitosan succinate(I) and chitosan succinate(II). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4937–4942, 2006     

改性壳聚糖絮凝剂的制备及絮凝性能的研究

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,在壳聚糖与丙烯酰胺的质量比为1∶2的条件下,使壳聚糖和丙烯酰胺在30℃时发生接枝共聚反应,制得改性壳聚糖絮凝剂(CAM),通过对高岭土悬浮液和印染废水的絮凝实验表明,CAM具有阳离子型高分子絮凝剂的典型特征,其絮凝性能优于壳聚糖,在其用量为壳聚糖质量的20%情况下,CAM对印染废水的CODC r去除率提高了30%。     

硅胶改性壳聚糖膜的制备及其对Cu2+的吸附性能

重金属是水体中十分严重的生态环境污染之一,而壳聚糖具有较强的重金属吸附能力。采用硅胶粒子浸出法制备出大孔壳聚糖膜,并且研究了其对重金属Cu²⁺的吸附性能。发现3.0 g壳聚糖溶于10%（质量分数）的乙酸溶液中,加入3.0 g硅胶再经过戊二醛交联后制备出大孔壳聚糖膜的吸附能力较好。在40 mL、400 mg/L的CuSO₄溶液中,加入0.4 g制备好的壳聚糖膜,经过25 h后,壳聚糖膜呈蓝色,用紫脲酸铵指示反应为紫色,吸附率为93%。说明壳聚糖膜对Cu²⁺具有良好的吸附能力,吸附过后膜很容易从溶液中取出,克服了传统的吸附剂在溶液中固液分离困难的问题。     

糠醛改性O-季铵化壳聚糖衍生物的合成及其抗菌性能

在制备水溶性较好的O-季铵化壳聚糖基础上,进一步与糠醛反应制备O-季铵化-N-呋喃亚甲基壳聚糖席夫碱及还原产物O-季铵化-N-呋喃亚甲基壳聚糖衍生物,用FTIR、1H NMR、EA（元素分析）、TG（热重分析）对产物进行表征。测定产物的最低抑菌浓度和抑菌率,并与O-季铵化-N-苯亚甲基壳聚糖席夫碱的抑菌效果进行比较。结果表明,产物对革兰氏阳性菌S.aureus的抗菌效果优于革兰氏阴性菌E. coli,在pH值5.5的条件下抗菌效果优于pH 值7.2。并且O-季铵化-N-呋喃亚甲基壳聚糖的抗菌效果>O-季铵化-N-呋喃亚甲基壳聚糖席夫碱>O-季铵化-N-苯亚甲基壳聚糖席夫碱 > O-季铵化-壳聚糖。研究表明,含呋喃杂环的壳聚糖衍生物的抗菌活性明显优于不含杂环的壳聚糖衍生物。     

聚乙二醇改性壳聚糖薄膜结构与性质的研究

将壳聚糖与聚乙二醇进行共混,利用溶剂挥发成膜法制备了壳聚糖/聚乙二醇二元共混薄膜。通过红外光谱、偏光显微镜、AFM等研究了共混膜的表面形貌、微结构及力学性能。结果表明:聚乙二醇可明显改善壳聚糖薄膜的脆性,当w(PEO)≤20%时,共混物各组分间有较好的相容性。偏光显微镜照片显示共混膜中聚乙二醇颗粒结晶结构随着聚乙二醇量的增加变得更为完整。     

丙烯酸接枝改性壳聚糖纤维的制备及性能

在引发剂过硫酸铵(APS)的作用下,采用丙烯酸(AA)接枝改性壳聚糖(CS),制备出CS-AA接枝共聚物,经湿法纺丝将其纺制成纤维,再用戊二醛对纤维进行一定程度的交联,可得到较好力学性能的改性CS纤维。结果表明:CS质量分数(相对AA)为14.3%,APS(相对AA)的摩尔分数为1.0%,反应温度65℃,反应时间6 h,凝固浴中无水乙醇和质量分数为10%氢氧化钠水溶液的体积比为50/50。在此条件下制得的纤维的断裂强度为0.55 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为367%,经交联处理后纤维的断裂强度达2.03 cN/dtex。     

三甲胺修饰戊二醛交联壳聚糖树脂的制备及其吸附性能

用水相均匀交联法制备戊二醛交联壳聚糖树脂 ,以三聚氯氰为活化剂 ,合成了三甲胺修饰戊二醛交联壳聚糖树脂 ,研究了该树脂的红外光谱特征及吸附性能。该树脂对铜 (Ⅱ )和牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)的吸附容量分别为 37mg/g和 460mg/g(以折合干重计 ) ,其吸附行为符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。该树脂制备工艺简单 ,可作为蛋白质分离纯化的吸附剂     

Biomedical applications and colloidal properties of amphiphilically modified chitosan hybrids

Chitosan is among the most abundant biopolymers on earth and has been either used or exhibited potential in a wide variety of industrial and biomedical applications. With the advancement of materials technologies, chitosan has been chemically modified to self-assemble into nanoarchitectures that are usable in advanced biomedical applications, such as drug nanocarriers, macroscopic injectables, tissue-engineering scaffolds, and nanoimaging agents. Colloidal amphiphilically modified chitosan (AMC) is a relatively recent material receiving increased attention with numerous publications addressing the medical advantages of specific systems. To date, many reviews have focused on the synthesis and biomedical properties of chitosan-based biomaterials, but a comprehensive study focusing on the colloidal properties of AMC in relation to biomedical performance appears to be lacking. This review provides a survey of the field, critically reviewing the colloidal properties and biomedical performance of AMC systems, such as nanoparticle drug delivery systems and macroscopic medical devices. Finally, the future development, market potential, and clinical implications of these promising colloidal-structured biomaterials are summarised.     

Hg detection by measuring thiol groups with a highly sensitive screen-printed electrode modified with a nanostructured carbon black film

A sensor based on a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with a stable dispersion of commercially available carbon black (CB) N220 was optimised and challenged with several thiol-containing compounds. This probe showed a significantly enhanced electrochemical activity respect to a bare SPE when tested with thiocholine, cysteine, glutathione and cysteamine. When challenged in amperometric batch mode, the response was stable and showed a linear dependence up to 1 × 10⁻⁵ mol l⁻¹ for thiocholine and cysteine. The very high sensitivity towards these thiols (299 mA mol⁻¹ l cm⁻² for thiocholine and 441 mA mol⁻¹ l cm⁻² for cysteine) was then used as the basis for developing an analytical method for mercury ion detection since a non electroactive complex (thiol–Hg) is formed in the presence of the metal. By selecting an appropriate concentration of thiocholine, a concentration of mercury as low as 5 × 10⁻⁹ mol l⁻¹ (1 ppb) was detected. Satisfactory recovery was obtained when the system was tested on drinking water samples.