矿用分布式采集系统时钟同步方案设计与实现

单一的时钟同步技术由于其精度及应用局限性,无法满足矿用分布式采集系统高精度、高可靠性的时钟同步性能要求。针对上述问题,提出了基于北斗+IEEE 1588V2+本地后备时钟的三级协同时钟同步方案。选用部署在地面的T600-BDGOCXC型北斗授时服务器作为主时钟,为系统提供纳秒级精度的绝对时钟;采用STM32F407+DP83848及PTPd协议栈实现支持IEEE 1588V2协议的采集节点,通过井下工业环网将北斗的绝对时钟同步到各采集节点;本地后备时钟采用STM32F407内部RTC(实时时钟)实现,给各采集节点提供秒级精度的时间戳初值,便于各采集节点用最短时间实现与主时钟的同步。测试结果表明,北斗授时服务器与采集节点通过交换机直连的情况下,1 min后时钟同步精度达162 ns;北斗授时服务器与采集节点通过三级交换机连接的情况下,时钟同步精度为565 ns;在北斗授时服务器失效的情况下,优先级高的采集节点升级为主时钟并为其余采集节点授时,具有较强的可靠性。     

基于多源授时原理的高精度同步时钟研究

随着我国智能电网建设进程的不断推进,需要保证各种电力设备以及自动化系统都在同一基准时间下运行,因此保证授时系统的可靠、稳定、精确授时是当前的主要目标。针对当前所存在的问题,本文提出一种基于多源授时的高精度同步时钟授时方案,在正常状态下通过北斗时钟与GPS时钟提供授时信号,并针对两者的授时信号的可靠性进行主授时源的选择,通过卫星秒时钟同步晶振秒时钟,并通过数字锁相环模块进行信号误差处理,最终实现高精度同步时钟输出。     

北斗导航时间同步系统在智能电网建设中的应用

鉴于传统单向授时时钟系统难以避免的时间固有误差和累计误差,无法满足智能电网对全网时间同步更高精度的要求,结合山西电网实际情况,提出基于北斗卫星导航系统的电网时间同步系统建设方案,并在智能变电站建设中得到具体应用,各项功能满足设计要求,可实现对全省发电、输电、配电网络的时间同步系统组网和集中监测维护,为电力系统提供安全、可靠的统一时间基准。     

基于航电总线的分布式实时监控系统同步算法

随着航空技术、计算机软硬件技术的高速发展,航电综合系统的高精度时钟同步越来越重要,针对多总线分布式实时监控系统要求各设备高度时间同步的问题,本文在分析国内外已有时钟同步算法的基础之上综合考虑了传输时延、时钟偏移误差及网络排队时延,并将实时监控流量带来的网络抖动现象作为重要因素引入到同步算法中,设计了基于TSC的高精度软时钟服务机制,提出一种基于航电总线的分布式实时监控系统时钟同步算法CSA-RTMS,并详细分析了误差范围等性能.实验结果表明,与传统的NTP同步协议相比,该同步方法精度更高,同步效率快,而且受网络抖动影响小.     

分布式无线地震数据采集同步技术研究

针对目前分布式无线地震数据采集中由于采集节点增多、无线传输延时等因素导致的各采集节点间数据采集同步精度不高的问题,研究并设计了一种针对分布式无线数据同步采集中各个节点同步授时以及对采集数据包进行精确时间标记的方案。采用GPS(Global Positioning System)授时技术对各个采集节点时钟进行授时,同时利用GPS精准的秒脉冲对本地压控晶振器频率误差进行实时修正。采用在地震采集数据包中加入精确的时间戳信息的方法,保证了各个节点间同步误差限制在0.1ms以内。即使在GPS失效的情况下,压控晶振器和计数器联合作用仍可保证各节点同步采集稳定工作6小时。     

大范围远距离分布式爆炸声波测试系统

针对爆炸场远场声波信号特性测试,提出一种基于北斗卫星导航系统和LoRa无线通信技术的大范围远距离分布式爆炸声波测试系统.该系统以FPGA为核心控制器,利用存储测试技术实现了爆炸声波信号的采集存储;利用北斗卫星导航系统的授时、定位功能,实现了远距离分布式测量中的时间同步和节点定位;利用LoRa的线性扩频调制技术,组建了大...     

航天器自主高精度时间管理系统设计

为满足航天器长期在轨飞行期间高精度的时间同步需求,提出了一种航天器自主高精度时间管理系统,将北斗导航定位授时设备和频率综合器两种时钟源系统进行融合使用,两种时钟源系统可根据导航定位状态自主切换,在消除了频率源系统误差累积效应问题的同时,解决了导航非定位情况下时间精度急剧下降的问题.通过建立系统的误差模型,以航天器应用设计实例进行计算分析,结果表明:系统时间同步精度优于37.8μs.研究结果可以为后续航天器高精度时间管理系统设计提供参考.     

IEEE 1588时钟同步技术在分布式系统中的研究*

为实现分布式系统高精度同步数据采集及实时控制,提出一种基于 IEEE 1588协议的分布式系统时钟同步方法。论文深入分析了IEEE 1588协议的算法原理和本地时钟同步主时钟的过程,提出了时间戳的IEEE 1588实现方案,提供了硬件设计方法,阐述了主从时钟的软件设计流程,在此基础上对主从时钟的同步进行了验证。实验证明：该方法是切实可行的,同步结果达到了10μs同步,为下一步将IEEE 1588大规模应用到分布式工业控制系统中起到了借鉴的作用。     

Linux下PCI同步时钟卡的驱动程序设计

为了解决在电力系统中存在的故障录波问题;能够向整个电力系统提供高精度的同步时标,统一整个系统的时间,为分析当系统发生故障后的故障发生地点提供有力的依据;为此设计了PCI同步时钟卡,该时钟卡可以接收GPS或者北斗卫星提供的时间信息;上位机采用PCI总线协议与时钟卡获取的数据进行交互;将电力系统发生行波故障时产生的峰值电压作为中断信号,在Linux下当中断信号到来时就读取同步时钟卡的时间信息以此判断故障发生的位置;为此详细介绍了Linux下字符设备开发与中断机制的实现。最后在Linux下编写PCI设备驱动程序,通过实验验证了在中断信号到来时,该设备能够准确的读取GPS或者北斗卫星发出的时间信息并且经过多次测试未发现中断丢失的情况,证明该驱动程序的正确性和可靠性。     

嵌入式Linux设备的高精度IEEE 1588时钟同步实现

IEEE 1588时钟同步协议用于解决分布式网络测控系统中远距离仪器设备之间的同步问题;在分析IEEE 1588时钟同步实现原理的基础上,提出一种嵌入式Linux设备的高精度IEEE 1588时钟同步实现方案;采用专用PHY芯片DP83640在物理层为PTP报文加盖硬件时间戳,设计网络设备驱动与PTP硬件时钟控制驱动,并在用户层利用Linux系统标准API实现IEEE 1588协议软件;实验结果表明,两台设备直接相连时,时钟同步精度可稳定在±100ns以内。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.