优选南极磷虾蛋白肽抗氧化活性组分

目的制备南极磷虾抗氧化肽,优选出抗氧化活性最好的南极磷虾肽成分。方法采用脱脂、酶解、超滤等手段制备南极磷虾抗氧化肽;以DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS自由基清除率、抗氧化能力指数3个抗氧化指标和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活力2个酶活力指标为评价指标,优选出抗氧化活性最好的南极磷虾肽组分;基于G-25凝胶层析技术对抗氧化活性最好的南极磷虾肽组分进行分离纯化,进一步基于电子顺磁共振(electron paramagnetic resonance,EPR)方法测定洗脱后各峰的DPPH自由基清除率,得到抗氧化活性最好的南极磷虾抗氧化肽组分。结果通过抗氧化指标测定,截留分子量3～10 KDa的肽的DPPH自由基清除率最高,为(30.10±1.10)%,截留分子量3 KDa的南极磷虾肽的ABTS清除能力和抗氧化指数较好,则IC50值为(0.74±0.08) mg/mL、氧化自由基吸收能力(oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC)值为6.39±0.21;通过酶活力指标测定,截留分子量3 KDa的肽的SOD活力和CAT活力最好,分别为(45.7±0.13)U/mg和(17.1±0.19)U/mg蛋白质。对截留分子量3KDa和3～10KDa的南极磷虾肽进行G-25分离纯化后,测定各组分的DPPH自由基清除率,可知截留分子量3～10KDa的F2-2峰清除率最好,为(51.55±1.54)%。结论基于EPR方法优选出分子量为3～10 KDa的南极磷虾肽的F2-2组分的DPPH自由基清除率最高。     

南极磷虾磷脂的组成及其抗氧化活性

为研究南极磷虾磷脂的组成及抗氧化活性,采用硅胶柱层析法分离制备南极磷虾磷脂,对其磷脂组成和磷脂脂肪酸组成进行分析,通过测定自由基清除能力和还原能力系统评价南极磷虾磷脂的抗氧化活性。结果表明,纯化获得的南极磷虾磷脂的磷脂含量为（93.78±3.18）g/100 g;南极磷虾磷脂主要为磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺,分别占比（90.60±1.03）%和（5.08±1.10）%;南极磷虾磷脂中多不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,且主要为二十碳五烯酸（eicosapen?taenoic acid,EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoic acid,DHA）,分别占总脂肪酸含量的（31.75±0.24）%和（19.35±0.10）%。南极磷虾磷脂具有良好的自由基清除能力和还原能力,其清除ABTS+自由基和DPPH 自由基的IC50 值分别为15.78 mg/mL 和14.87 mg/mL,且其还原能力呈浓度依赖效应。南极磷虾磷脂的抗氧化能力明显优于大豆磷脂和卵黄磷脂。     

南极磷虾蛋白肽的抗氧化活性及稳定性研究

目的：分析探讨南极磷虾蛋白肽的抗氧化活性及稳定性。方法：通过测定自由基清除能力以及脂质过氧化抑制能力,系统评价南极磷虾蛋白肽的抗氧化活性,并考察温度、酸碱度、模拟胃肠道消化等条件对其稳定性的影响。结果：南极磷虾蛋白肽对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基均具有较强的清除作用,IC₅₀分别为5.68、0.32、9.54、1.68 mg/mL;同时,南极磷虾蛋白肽对亚油酸、蛋黄卵磷脂等脂质过氧化具有良好的抑制作用。南极磷虾蛋白肽在温度>60℃条件下,抗氧化活性显著下降(P<0.05);在中性及弱酸性条件下较稳定,在碱性条件下抗氧化活性急剧下降(P<0.05);经体外模拟胃肠道消化后仍能保持较高的抗氧化活性。结论：南极磷虾蛋白肽具有较好的抗氧化活性,其相关产品的加工贮藏应避免高温、强酸、强碱条件的影响。研究结果可为南极磷虾蛋白肽的品质保持和相关高值产品开发提供科学指导。     

蛋清蛋白肽体外抗氧化作用模式的研究

目的 研究蛋清蛋白肽抗氧化作用模式。方法 利用超滤技术分离蛋清蛋白木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物; 采用Fenton体系、邻苯三酚自氧化体系和亚油酸自氧化体系分别测定超滤各组分清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子及抑制脂质过氧化的能力, 同时测定各组分对二苯代苦味肼基自由基清除能力(DPPH自由基)、还原能力及对猪胎儿成纤维细胞(porcine embryonic fibroblast, PEF)过氧化损伤的保护作用。结果 超滤各组分中分子量小于3 kDa组分(蛋清蛋白酶解产物-Ⅲ, egg white protein hydrolysate, EWPH-Ⅲ)占蛋清蛋白酶解产物(EWPHs)总量的50.06%。EWPH的抗氧化活性随分子量的降低而增强(P<0.05), 其中EWPH-Ⅲ在浓度为5 mg/mL时, 对羟自由基、超氧阴离子、DPPH自由基的清除率分别为52.86%、35.05%和78.74%, 对亚油酸氧化的抑制率为74.57%。在浓度为2.5 mg/mL时, PEF细胞存活率达到70.06%。结论 蛋清蛋白肽具有较强的抗氧化活性且分子量越小, 抗氧化活性越强, 可以作为氢供体、自由基稳定剂和金属离子螯合剂来抑制过氧化作用。     

南极磷虾磷脂的分离纯化及其对核桃油的氧化稳定性的影响

采用高压溶剂萃取法提取南极磷虾油,建立基于蒸汽光散射检测器(ELSD)的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对南极磷虾油中的磷脂组分进行分离鉴定,结果表明南极磷虾油中主要含有卵磷脂和脑磷脂两种磷脂组分。采用Schaal烘箱法研究了南极磷虾油、南极磷虾卵磷脂和脑磷脂以及两种磷脂组分与赖氨酸复配对核桃油氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明,南极磷虾油对核桃油具有抗氧化能力,0.25%的南极磷虾油添加量就能较好地抑制核桃油过氧化值和酸价增加,而且随着浓度增加抗氧化能力增强。纯化出来的南极磷虾卵磷脂和脑磷脂都具有较强的抗氧化活性,尤其是脑磷脂及脑磷脂与赖氨酸的复配对核桃油氧化稳定性的提高具有显著的效果。     

南极磷虾多肽的组成及其抗氧化与A C E抑制活性

以冷冻南极磷虾为原料,经碱溶酸沉法与酶解法联用制备南极磷虾多肽,采用紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱、凝胶色谱和氨基酸分析解析了多肽的组成和结构,并重点评价了多肽的抗氧化活性和血管紧张素I转化酶（angiotensin-I converting enzyme,ACE）抑制活性。结果表明：采用碱溶酸沉法与碱性蛋白酶酶解法联用制备南极磷虾多肽,水解度和肽得率可达到（17.83±3.73）%和（57.20±0.24）%。南极磷虾多肽的紫外最大特征吸收波长在273.5 nm;多肽在3 390.84、2 917.66、1 648.36、1 547.59 cm-1和 1 402.21 cm-1处具有红外特征吸收峰;多肽的分子量主要在189 Da～6 500 Da范围内（98.93%）,其中,451 Da～1 450 Da占比最高（41.00±0.05）%;多肽的氨基酸组成理想,符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织规定的标准。南极磷虾多肽具有显著的还原能力和良好的清除DPPH·、ABTS+自由基、·OH的能力,自由基清除IC50值分别为5.65、0.17、4.46 mg/mL;此外,多肽还具有良好的ACE抑制活性,当多肽浓度为0.5 mg/mL时,ACE抑制率为（55.91±2.63）%。     

正己烷-乙醇-水三元双相溶剂浸提法富集南极磷虾磷脂

为研究利用正己烷-乙醇-水三元双相溶剂浸提法从南极磷虾中提取富集磷脂,采用乙醇提取南极磷虾的总脂质,以总脂质得率为评价指标,考察料液比、浸提时间、浸提温度、浸提次数对总脂质提取效果的影响;而后以脂质得率、磷脂含量、磷脂得率为评价指标,优化采用正己烷-乙醇-水三元双相溶剂从南极磷虾总脂质中萃取富集磷脂的最佳条件。结果表明,采用乙醇提取南极磷虾总脂质的最佳条件为料液比1∶3（g/mL）、浸提时间3 h、浸提温度40 ℃、浸提3 次,在该条件下,南极磷虾总脂质得率为（4.69±0.13）%。正己烷-乙醇-水三元双相溶剂从南极磷虾总脂质中萃取富集磷脂的最佳体积比为0.275∶0.600∶0.125,获得的南极磷虾磷脂中磷脂含量为（85.46±0.31）%。南极磷虾磷脂主要为磷脂酰胆碱,磷脂中二十碳五烯酸（eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoic acid,DHA）的总量达到总脂肪酸含量的（53.39±0.76）%。     

南极磷虾粉贮藏过程中品质变化研究

为探讨4 ℃和40 ℃条件下,光照、氧气条件对南极磷虾粉贮藏性的影响,将南极磷虾粉储藏于8种不同条件下,以色差、总虾青素、硫代巴比妥酸、游离脂肪酸、吡咯含量为指标,分析其贮藏过程中的品质变化。结果表明,在4 ℃贮藏温度下,南极磷虾粉的各指标变化均不显著。而在40 ℃贮藏温度下,有氧条件下光照组氧化降解最多,总虾青素、TBARS、吡咯分别达(14.46±2.40) nmol/g、(56.33±2.29) mg/kg、(168.00±1.43) μg/g;有氧条件下避光组水解酸败最多,FFA的含量最大为7.92%。结论:贮藏于低温环境下有利于虾粉的品质保持。     

不同抗氧化剂对南极磷虾肉脂质品质的影响

通过向南极磷虾肉中添加茶多酚(TP)、特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)和丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA),研究3种抗氧化剂在45、85和105℃热加工条件中对南极磷虾肉脂质的抗氧化作用。结果表明：3种抗氧化剂下南极磷虾肉脂质得率大小为TBHQ组>BHA组>茶多酚组；茶多酚在85和105℃能有效降低脂质过氧化值，在45、85和105℃能有效降低脂质硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值；TBHQ在105℃能有效降低脂质过氧化值，在45、85和105℃均能显著降低虾肉TBA值，在85和105℃能有效降低脂质酸价；BHA在85和105℃能有效降低脂质过氧化值和酸价，在45和85℃能有效降低虾肉脂质TBA值。3种抗氧化剂中，TBHQ对南极磷虾肉脂质抗氧化效果最佳。     

天然抗氧化剂对南极磷虾油抗氧化效果的研究

为了防止南极磷虾油在长期储藏过程中发生氧化酸败,品质下降。采用Schaal加速试验方法,以过氧化值(POV值)和茴香胺值作为油脂稳定性的评价指标,研究了3种天然抗氧化剂VE、迷迭香提取物以及抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯对南极磷虾油抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明,如果以茴香胺值作为评价指标,向磷虾油中添加3000mg/L的天然VE抗氧化效果最好;如果以过氧化值为评价指标,向磷虾油中添加3000mg/L的迷迭香提取物抗氧化效果最好。综合抗氧化剂的价格成本以及国家对食品添加剂的限量标准两方面因素,最后选择添加3000mg/L天然VE作为南极磷虾油的抗氧化剂配方。     

小麦蛋白酶解物中抗氧化肽的纯化与鉴定

以自由基清除能力为指标,分别采用4种蛋白酶酶解小麦蛋白,其中3 h复合蛋白酶酶解物显示出最高抗氧化活性。用超滤、凝胶过滤色谱和RP-HPLC的方法纯化抗氧化活性肽,并对抗氧化活性高的多肽进行质谱分析。结果显示,分子质量Mr1 ku组分的抗氧化活性较高(5 mg/m L时达到76.08%),对该组分进行纯化后,经ESI-TOF-MS质谱分析可知其荷质比m/z为730.83,氨基酸序列为Gln-Gln-Gln-ProArg(QQQPR)。     

Optimisation of hydrolysis of purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus) gonad by response surface methodology and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate

BACKGROUND: Hydrolysates prepared from sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus) gonad by enzymatic treatment showed strong 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power. RESULTS: Hydrolysis of S. nudus gonad by the commercial protease papain was optimised for maximum degree of hydrolysis (DH) and trichloroacetic acid‐soluble peptide index (TCA‐SPI) using response surface methodology. Results showed that the optimal conditions were the following: temperature of 48.83 °C, pH of 6.92, enzyme‐to‐substrate ratio of 3143 U g^?1, and substrate concentration of 83.5 g L^?1. Under these conditions, a DH of 27.96 ± 0.54% and a TCA‐SPI of 57.32 ± 0.63% were obtained. The hydrolysate prepared in the optimal conditions was fractionated by an ultra‐filtration system and the resultant fraction below 10 kDa was found to effectively scavenge hydroxyl radical (EC₅₀ = 13.29 ± 0.33 mg mL^?1) and hydrogen peroxide (EC₅₀ = 16.40 ± 0.37 mg mL^?1), inhibit lipid peroxidation (EC₅₀ = 11.05 ± 0.62 mg mL^?1), chelate Fe²⁺ (EC₅₀ = 7.26 ± 0.44 mg mL^?1), and protect mice macrophages against death induced by tert‐butyl hydroperoxide. CONCLUSION: Hydrolysates prepared from S. nudus gonad have the potential to be applied as natural antioxidant agents. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of Schizandra chinensis Baill. Extracts containing active components in alcohol-induced HepG2 cells

The antioxidant activities and hepatoprotective effects of Schizandra chinensis Baill. extracts (SCE) were evaluated. The contents of the active components schisandrin, schisandrin C, gomisin A, and gomisin N in SCE were 8.802±1.390, 1.011±0.203, 0.954±0.191, and 3.351±0.829 mg/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of SCE was measured based on the DPPH free radical scavenging activity and the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. The IC₅₀ values for the DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD-like activity were 18.1 and 44.2mg/mL, respectively. The protective effect of SCE against alcohol-induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells was investigated. Cells pretreated with SCE (100–400 μg/mL) showed an increased resistance to oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Expressions of Bcl-2 and pro-caspase-3 proteins were induced by SCE in HepG2 cells. SCE can be useful for management of antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects.     

高固形物浓度对酵母酶解及其产物抗氧化性的影响

高固形物浓度的酶解是近年来国际食品探究的热点之一。本文利用木瓜蛋白酶水解不同固形物浓度的活性面包酵母,并对酶解液的氨氮、总氮、可溶固形物含量、还原糖、总糖、渗透压、抗氧化活性以及褐变程度进行了检测,探究高固形物浓度对酵母酶解及其产物抗氧化性的影响。结果表明,随着固形物浓度的提高,酵母酶解液中的氨氮、总氮,可溶性固形含量、还原糖、总糖、渗透压随之提高,提高固形物浓度有利于提高酵母酶解效率。通过对酵母酶解液抗氧化活性的测定发现,固形物浓度为30%时,酶解液具有较高的DPPH和羟自由基清除活性,酶解13 h时,其IC50值分别为0.83±0.09 mg/mL和21.53±1.18 mg/mL;酶解21 h时,其IC50值分别为1.01±0.13 mg/mL和23.17±1.33 mg/mL。在高浓度固形物酶解液中,适当添加SDS有助于降低其褐变程度。     

罗非鱼肉蛋白酶解液的制备及体内外抗氧化活性研究

采用木瓜蛋白酶酶解罗非鱼肉蛋白,通过测定不同剂量罗非鱼肉蛋白酶解液的还原力,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-（2,4,6-trinitrophenyl）hydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、·OH和O2－·清除率及对D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠的抗氧化作用,评价罗非鱼肉蛋白酶解液的体内外抗氧化特性。结果表明：罗非鱼肉蛋白酶解液具有较高的还原力,清除DPPH自由基、·OH和O2－·的半数有效质量浓度分别为1.57、1.68 mg/mL和2.76 mg/mL;罗非鱼肉蛋白酶解液能显著提高小鼠血清和肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力和总抗氧化能力（P＜0.05）,同时使血清和肝脏组织中的丙二醛含量显著降低（P＜0.05）。罗非鱼肉蛋白酶解液有较强的体内外抗氧化活性。     

Phenolic Compound Identification and Antioxidant Capacity of Alperujo Extracts from Region del Maule,Chile

This study was carried out to determinate phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity in methanolic extract from three Alperujo varieties. Alperujo Barnea showed the highest concentration of phenols and flavonoid. The greater hydroxytyrosol content was obtained in the same extract (4.93 ± 0.37 µg/mg extract), whereas the greater tyrosol content (0.23 ± 0.012 µg/mg extract) was found in Arbequina extract. These results were correlated with the greatest radical scavenging and the highest inhibition of lipoperoxidation process observed in Barnea extract (IC₅₀ of 27.9 ± 1.04 µg/mL; IC₅₀ 22.8 ± 3.5 µg/mL, respectively). In spite of differences, alperujo extracts exhibited notable antioxidant capacities.     

蚕豆蛋白酶解物分离纯化及降胆固醇活性

采用凝胶过滤色谱对经过大孔吸附树脂纯化的蚕豆蛋白酶解物进行分离纯化,以期得到高降胆固醇活性的酶解物组分。结果表明:单因素试验得到蚕豆蛋白酶解物凝胶过滤色谱最佳分离纯化工艺条件为Sep G-10、G-25葡聚糖凝胶为柱填充材料,10 mg/m L的酶解液上样量4 m L,洗脱剂为去离子水,洗脱流速1 m L/min。凝胶过滤色谱分离纯化后得到F1~F6 6个蚕豆蛋白酶解物组分;与10 mg/m L考来烯胺散阳性对照比较,F3、F6组分对3种胆酸盐(胆酸钠、甘氨胆钠酸、牛磺胆酸钠)抑制率均高于阳性对照,其中F6组分的相对抑制率最高,分别为(274.98±0.19)%、(140.22±0.20)%、(130.99±0.22)%。     

Antioxidant and antigenotoxic effect of dairy products supplemented with red ginseng extract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antigenotoxic effect of dairy products milk (M) and yogurt (Y) after the addition of 2% red ginseng extract to milk (RM) and to yogurt (RY). Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and total radical trapping antioxidant potential were determined in the samples. Furthermore, antigenotoxic effect of samples was measured, using comet assay in human leukocytes. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of RM [38.3 ± 0.8 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g, 23.6 ± 0.1 mg of quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 g] and RY (41.1 ± 0.9 mg of GAE/100 g, 18.7 ± 0.1 mg of QE/100 g), respectively, were higher than those of M (6.31 ± 0.2 mg of GAE/100 g, 10.4 ± 0.1 mg of QE/100 g) and Y (8.1 ± 0.9 mg of GAE/100 g, 8.4 ± 0.2 mg of QE/100 g), respectively. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity values increased significantly after the addition of 2% red ginseng in both. Additionally, the total radical trapping antioxidant potential in RM (787.7 ± 7.0 μg/mL) was lower than in M (2074.0 ± 28.4 μg/mL). The H₂O₂-induced DNA damage in RY (0.1 ± 0.0 mg/mL) was less than the damage in Y (0.4 ± 0.0 mg/mL), but we found no significant difference between M and RM. This study indicates that supplementation with red ginseng can fortify the antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of dairy products effectively.     

Isolation and characterization of three antioxidant pentapeptides from protein hydrolysate of monkfish (Lophius litulon) muscle

In the current study, an efficient method had been developed to acquire the antioxidant hydrolysate of monkfish muscle protein (MPH) using trypsin by an orthogonal (L₉(3)⁴) test. Under the optimum conditions of enzymolysis time 4 h, enzyme-to-substrate ratio (E/S) 2%, enzymolysis temperature 40 °C and pH 8.0, the DH (Degree of hydrolysis) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of MPH reached 19.83 ± 0.82% and 58.05 ± 3.01%, respectively. By using ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), three antioxidant pentapeptides were isolated from MPH, and their amino acid sequences were identified as Glu-Trp-Pro-Ala-Gln (MPH-P1), Phe-Leu-His-Arg-Pro (MPH-P2), and Leu-Met-Gly-Gln-Trp (MPH-P3) with molecular weights of 629.68 Da, 668.80 Da, and 633.77 Da, respectively. MPH-P1, MPH-P2, and MPH-P3 exhibited good scavenging activities on hydroxyl radical (EC₅₀ 0.269, 0.114 and 0.040 mg/ml), DPPH radical (EC₅₀ 2.408, 3.751, and 1.399 mg/ml), and superoxide anion radical (EC₅₀ 0.624, 0.101, and 0.042 mg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. MPH-P3 was also effective against lipid peroxidation in the model system. The antioxidant activities of MPH-P1, MPH-P2, and MPH-P3 were due to their small sizes and the presence of antioxidant and hydrophobic amino acid residues within their sequences. The results of this study suggested that the protein hydrolysate and/or its isolated peptides might be effectively used as food additives for retarding lipid peroxidation occurring in foodstuffs.