Grundlagen für die rechnergestützte Aufstellungsplanung

Principles of Computer-Aided Assembly Planning . The assembly planning for a chemical engineering plant defines the position of the individual machines and articles of equipment in an appropriate grid (Fig. 1). Apart from the demands of pipe routing, numerous widely differing, partly contradictory, boundary conditions influence the assembly of a plant. These include, among other factors, investment and assembly costs, ease of maintenance and operation, as well as safety and environmental protection. Thus numerous specialist areas are involved in this planning work, with the definition of the ?optimum”? solution being based on individual studies and particularly on experience.     

Die Darstellung von Gelen als stationäre Phase für die Gelchromatographie

The influence of the mode of synthesis on the characteristics of crosslinked polymers is examined for crosslinked copolymers of ethylvinylbenzol/divinylbenzol and vinylacetate/divinyladipate. Homogeneously crosslinked gels are mostly suited for separation of oligomers; polymers are able to be separated by use of heterogeneously crosslinked gels. It is demonstrated that in case of a heterogeneously crosslinking polymerization the heterogenity of the copolymers with decreasing solvatizing ability of the inert component is increasing; this leads simultaneously to an increase of the excluded molecular weight.     

Die Bedeutung von Rezepturvarianten für die Eigenschaften von Lippenstiften

Significance of Various Recipes on the Properties of Lipsticks As a part of annual turnover of cosmetics in Germany during 1972, one billion DM worth of colour cosmetics, skin care products and parfumed lotions were sold, out of which 10% were lipsticks. Fifteen million pieces of lipstick sold shows the popularity of this article. Lipsticks are highly complex mixtures containing 25 and more components. Inadequate quality of lipsticks can be caused partly by the complicated production technology, however, mostly it is due to unbalanced recipes. The possibilities for applying exact methods of testing which yield measurable values are limited. Therefore empirical methods are used to a great extent for practical evaluation. Since the lipstick colours include hundreds of red shades, one ought to give special attention towards legal aspects of colouring agents used in lipsticks.     

Zur reaktionstechnischen und fluiddynamischen stabilität von multirohrreaktoren für die massepolymerisation

Due to the very strong variation of the viscosity of the reaction mass with increasing monomer conversion, three stationary states for the tubes of a multitubular system with cooling vessel can be found. As a consequence, a maldistribution of the fluid arises, so that the reactor stability and the polymer quality are negatively influenced. The recycling of the reaction mass is a helpful method to increase the reactor stability. In this paper some fundamental aspects of the use of multitubular reactors for the polymerization of styrene are studied.