旋转扩压器对通风机性能影响研究

采用数值模拟的方法,研究三组不同流量系数(分别为0.073、0.135、0.220)的通风机叶轮旋转扩压器直径大小对模型级性能及流场结构的影响;得到了旋转扩压器出口的气流角和蜗壳内的流场分布情况,揭示了其变化规律。研究结果表明,随着旋转扩压器直径的增加,风机性能有不同程度提高,旋转扩压器直径与叶轮直径比(D_3/D_2)为1.1时,整机性能较好,内部流场较均匀,直径增加到一定程度后,性能提升不明显。相关结果可以为提高风机性能、改进风机结构参数提供参考。     

Unsteady behavior and control of vortices in centrifugal compressor

Two examples of the use of vortex control to reduce noise and enhance the stable operating range of a centrifugal compressor are presented in this paper.In the case of high-flow operation of a centrifugal compressor with a vaned diffuser,a discrete frequency noise induced by interaction between the impeller-discharge flow and the diffuser vane,which appears most notably in the power spectra of the radiated noise,can be reduced using a tapered diffuser vane（TDV） without affecting the performance of the compressor.Twin longitudinal vortices produced by leakage flow passing through the tapered portion of the diffuser vane induce secondary flow in the direction of the blade surface and prevent flow separation from the leading edge of the diffuser.The use of a TDV can effectively reduce both the discrete frequency noise generated by the interaction between the impeller-discharge flow and the diffuser surface and the broadband turbulent noise component.In the case of low-flow operation,a leading-edge vortex（LEV） that forms on the shroud side of the suction surface near the leading edge of the diffuser increases significantly in size and blocks flow in the diffuser passage.The formation of an LEV may adversely affect the performance of the compressor and may cause the diffuser to stall.Using a one-side tapered diffuser vane to suppress the evolution of an LEV,the stable operating range of the compressor can be increased by more than 12 percent,and the pressure-rise characteristics of the compressor can be improved.The results of a supplementary examination of the structure and unsteady behavior of LEVs,conducted by means of detailed numerical simulations,are also presented.     

Effect of inlet guide vanes on the performance of small axial flow fan

Effects of the inlet guide vanes on the static characteristics, aerodynamic noise and internal flow characteristics of a small axial flow fan are studied in this work. The inlet guide vanes with different outlet angle are designed,which are mounted on the casing and located at the upstream of the impeller of the prototype fan. Both steady and unsteady flow simulations are performed. The steady flow is simulated by the calculations of Navier-Stokes equations coupled with RNG k-epsilon turbulence model, while the unsteady flow is computed with large eddy simulation. According to the theoretical analysis, the inlet guide vanes with outlet angle of 60° are regarded as the optimal inlet guide vanes. The static characteristic experiment is carried out in a standard test rig and the aerodynamic noise is tested in a semi-anechoic room. Then, performances of the fan with optimal inlet guide vanes are compared with those of the prototype fan. The results show that there is reasonable agreement between the simulation results and the experimental data. It is found that the static characteristics of small axial flow fan is improved obviously after installing the optimal inlet guide vanes. Meanwhile, the optimal inlet guide vanes have effect on reducing noise at the near field, but have little effect on the noise at the far field.     

轴流涡轮与排气壳扩压段一维耦合设计研究

为探究轴流涡轮耦合排气壳扩压段的一维设计变量选取规律,提高排气壳扩压段的性能,参考现有NRCC叶栅导叶模型,采用自编程序,结合理论分析构建轴流涡轮与排气扩压段耦合的一维设计模型。详细分析耦合设计中影响扩压段的静压恢复系数以及总体性能的因素。研究结果表明：扩压段面积比、平均倾角、扩张角以及壁面摩擦系数等设计参数不仅影响扩压段的静压恢复系数,也影响涡轮的气动效率;本研究模型在面积比为3.5、平均倾角为30°、扩张角δ为5°时整体性能最优;涡轮出口气流的马赫数、叶顶泄漏流以及出口旋流对扩压段的性能有很大影响,出口半径比的增大会使得静压恢复系数降低,因此在耦合设计时应充分考虑涡轮以上参数的选择。     

两级动叶可调轴流风机内流特征的数值模拟

采用Fluent软件对某600 MW机组配套的两级动叶可调轴流一次风机进行了全三维定常数值模拟,分析了风机第一、第二级叶轮内流特征和动叶安装角对风机性能的影响.结果表明：第二级叶轮出口总压整体呈现高压区和次高压区交替分布的特征,且比第一级叶轮的对称性差;第一、第二级叶轮叶片压力面、吸力面的总压和静压分布规律相似;第二级叶轮叶片压力面和吸力面相应位置上的静压值均大于第一级叶轮叶片;随着动叶安装角的增大,第一、第二级叶轮的总压升系数和静叶的扩压系数均增大,且第二级叶轮大于第一级叶轮,表明第二级叶轮的做功能力和静叶的扩压能力均比第一级叶轮的大.     

Prediction of aerodynamic noise in a ring fan based on wake characteristics

A ring fan is a propeller fan that applies an axial-flow impeller with a ring-shaped shroud on the blade tip side. In this study, the entire flow field of the ring fan is simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD); the accuracy of the CFD is verified through a comparison with the aerodynamic characteristics of a propeller fan of current model. Moreover, the aerodynamic noise generated by the fan is predicted on the basis of the wake characteristics. The aerodynamic characteristic of the ring fan based on CFD can represent qualitatively the variation in the measured value. The main flow domain of the ring fan is formed at the tip side of the blade because blade tip vortex is not formed at that location. Therefore, the relative velocity of the ring fan is increased by the circumferential velocity. The sound pressure levels of the ring fan within the frequency band of less than 200 Hz are larger than that of the propeller fan. In the analysis of the wake characteristics, it revealed that Karman vortex shedding occurred in the main flow domain in the frequency domain lower than 200 Hz; the aerodynamic noise of the ring fan in the vortex shedding frequency enlarges due to increase in the relative velocity and the velocity fluctuation.     

Influence of the karman vortex street on the broadband noise generated from a multiblade fan

Introduction Multiblade fans are widelyused in domestic airconditioners, commercial sanitary apparatuses, etc. In the case of these fans, decreasing the fan noise is one of the important technical issues for its comfortable operation. The spectra of the fan noise showed that the noise is composed of a few types of aerodynamic noise. This noise comprises not only a discrete frequency noise due to the interference with the wake and the tongue of the scroll casing but also a broadband noise dist…     

导叶时序对多级离心泵振动特性的试验测试

为研究导叶时序对多级离心泵性能的影响,通过搭建试验台同步测试不同导叶时序位置下多级离心泵外特性和振动特性。定义4个因素A、B、C、D,每个因素设有0°和30°两个水平,共设计8个导叶时序正交方案。试验结果表明,不同时序方案下,多级泵扬程、效率均有略微提高,提高幅度在0.5%以内。多级泵导叶时序对离心泵进出口振动速度影响较大,5级泵前两级泵级导叶交错布置可降低一倍轴频处的进口振动幅值,降幅达25%左右,后2个泵级导叶交错布置能降低一倍轴频处泵出口振动速度幅值,最大降低幅值为30%。无导叶时序下,多级泵进出口振动速度较大,出口振动速度为进口振动速度一倍多,出口振动更为剧烈。研究结果可为多级离心泵减振降噪提供参考。     

The performance of a centrifugal fan with enlarged impeller

The influence of enlarged impeller in unchanged volute on G4-73 type centrifugal fan performance is investigated in this paper. Comparisons are conducted between the fan with original impeller and two larger impellers with the increments in impeller outlet diameter of 5% and 10% respectively in the numerical and experimental investigations. The internal characteristics are obtained by the numerical simulation, which indicate there is more volute loss in the fan with larger impeller. Experiment results show that the flow rate, total pressure rise, shaft power and sound pressure level have increased, while the efficiency have decreased when the fan operates with larger impeller. Variation equations on the performance of the operation points for the fan with enlarged impellers are suggested. Comparisons between experiment results and the trimming laws show that the trimming laws for usual situation can predict the performance of the enlarged fan impeller with less error for higher flow rate, although the situation of application is not in agreement. The noise frequency analysis shows that higher noise level with the larger impeller fan is caused by the reduced impeller–volute gap.     

Effect of the uneven circumferential blade space on the performance of small axial flow fan

Effects of the uneven circumferential blade space on static characteristics and aerodynamic noise of a small axial flow fan are studied in this work.The blade angle modulation is adopted to design a series of unequally spaced fans,which have different maximum of modulation angular displacement.The steady flow is simulated by the calculations of Navier-Stokes equations coupled with RNG k-epsilon turbulence model,while the unsteady flow is computed with large eddy simulation.According to theoretical analysis,a fan with a maximum of modulation angular displacement of 6° is regarded as the optimal unequally spaced fan.The experiment of static characteristic is carried out in a standard wind tunnel and the aerodynamic noise of both fans is tested in a semi-anechoic room.Then,performances of the optimal unequally spaced fan are compared with those of the prototype fan.The results show that there is reasonable agreement between the simulation results and the experimental data.It is found that the discrete noise of the optimal unequally spaced fan is lower than that of the prototype fan at the near field monitoring point.This can be explained that the total pressure fluctuation of the optimal unequally spaced fan is much more regular than that of the prototype fan.     

Effects of tapered diffuser vane on the flow field and noise of a centrifugal compressor

The effects of a three-dimensional tapered diffuser vane on the flow field and noise radiated from a centrifugalcompressor are investigated by both CFD analyses and experiments.Tapered diffuser vanes are very useful notonly for the reduction of the interaction tone noise but also for the improvement of the pressure recovery charac-teristics within the diffuser passage.By using tapered diffuser vanes,the interaction area between the impel-ler-discharge flow and diffuser vanes becomes small,and then the noise level of the discrete tone can be reducedremarkably as a result.Furthermore,by utilizing the visualization technique of vortical structures based on theCFD results,the scale of vortex shedding leaving from the leading edge of the diffuser vanes is found to be con-tracted and a tendency for the turbulence level to decrease is observed.This may be the cause of the attenuation ofbroadband noise components.The secondary flow,which is considered to be an obstruction of diffuser pressurerecovery,can also be suppressed by the tapered diffuser vanes,and the pressure decrease observed in the throatpart of the diffuser passage is further reducible.     

Optimal ratio of bend channel in centrifugal compressor

A numerical investigation on the flow in a bend channel by coupling the impeller with the vaneless diffuser in a centrifugal compressor with different r/b ratios (bend radius r to bend channel width b) is presented. The jet-wake effect of the impeller outlet is considered and flow pattern in the bend channel and the performance of the centrifugal compressor stage are investigated. The results indicate that there is an optimal r/b ratio for increasing the stage efficiency to the highest for a specific compressor stage. The change in r/b ratio significantly affects the flow angle of the bend channel outlet. The prime reason for the total pressure loss in the bend channel is the wall friction in the bend channel.     

Effect of rotational speed on unstable characteristics of lobe hydrogen circulating pump in fuel cell system

The hydrogen circulating pump is an essential component of hydrogen fuel cell systems. It plays a vital role in improving hydrogen utilization efficiency and optimizing hydrothermal control capabilities. Due to its compact design, high efficiency, and outstanding low-temperature adaption performance, the lobe hydrogen circulating pump has excellent potential for hydrogen recirculation in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). This paper investigated the internal flow characteristics of a lobe hydrogen pump for FCV under different rotational speeds by experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Moreover, the lobe rotor domain was calculated using the dynamic mesh method. The effects of different rotating speeds on transient pressure pulsation, exhaust flow rate, external noise, and vibration were studied. The result reveals that the volumetric efficiency improves with the increased lobe rotor speed when the pressure ratio remains constant. The vibration acceleration level (VAL) and the external noise also increase. The vibration is most significant at the pump casing outlet and tends to decrease as the frequency increases. The sound pressure level spectrum has a discrete character in the low-frequency band, with peaks mainly concentrated at the rotating fundamental frequency and harmonics. The middle and high frequency bands have prominent broadband characteristics, and the energy is relatively concentrated.     

Unsteady behavior of leading-edge vortex and diffuser stall in a centrifugal compressor with vaned diffuser

The characteristics of a rotating stall of an impeller and diffuser and the evolution of a vortex generated at the diffuser leading-edge (i.e., the leading-edge vortex (LEV)) in a centrifugal compressor were investigated by experiments and numerical analysis. The results of the experiments revealed that both the impeller and diffuser rotating stalls occurred at 55 and 25 Hz during off-design flow operation. For both, stall cells existed only on the shroud side of the flow passages, which is very close to the source location of the LEV. According to the CFD results, the LEV is made up of multiple vortices. The LEV is a combination of a separated vortex near the leading- edge and a longitudinal vortex generated by the extended tip-leakage flow from the impeller. Therefore, the LEV is generated by the accumulation of vorticity caused by the velocity gradient of the impeller discharge flow. In partial-flow operation, the spanwise extent and the position of the LEV origin are temporarily transmuted. The LEV develops with a drop in the velocity in the diffuser passage and forms a significant blockage within the diffuser passage. Therefore, the LEV may be regarded as being one of the causes of a diffuser stall in a centrifugal compressor.     

固液两相流对离心泵压力脉动特性的影响

为了研究含沙水流下径向式导叶离心泵内的压力脉动变化规律,采用大涡模拟和Mixture多相流模型相结合的数值模拟方法,并结合SIMPLEC算法,对输送固液两相流介质的径向式导叶离心泵进行了全流道三维非定常数值计算,并在叶轮与导叶交接面及蜗壳出口段处,将固液两相介质与清水介质时的计算结果进行对比分析。数值计算结果表明,离旋转轴越远处压力脉动幅值越小;导叶与蜗壳内叶频是压力脉动主要频率,且在1倍叶频处最大;导叶内压力脉动幅值均大于蜗壳内,且随着颗粒粒径的增大,压力脉动幅值逐渐减小;蜗壳隔舌处的压力脉动幅值大于蜗壳其他部位;在叶轮与导叶交接面处,清水介质时压力脉动幅值大于固液两相介质时,固液两相介质时脉动波形滞后于清水介质时0.003 5 s;蜗壳出口段,固液两相时压力脉动幅值均大于清水时。     

轴流风机动叶异常对风机内熵产影响的数值模拟

采用Fluent软件对OB-84型轴流风机动叶安装角异常情况进行数值模拟,并用熵产理论研究和分析了风机动叶安装角异常前后的熵产分布特征．结果表明：湍流耗散为风机熵产的主要来源,动叶区和导叶区的熵产率较高,集流器区和扩压区的熵产率很小,但动叶区、导叶区和扩压区的总熵产处于同一数量级．叶片偏离程度对风机熵产有不同程度的影响,除异常叶片安装角偏离值△β±10°外,风机内的熵产均高于正常值,且熵产随△β增大而提高,但当△β〉30°时,△β对风机内熵产的影响有所减弱;同向偏离时,在异常叶片下游形成影响多流道的高熵产带,而反向偏离时的高熵产率区仅呈现零散分布;在相同偏离程度下,同向偏离对熵产的影响大于反向偏离．     

叶片安装角对离心压气机扩压器气动性能及失速机理影响研究

为了研究离心压气机扩压器异常叶片对于失速现象的诱发效果,以带有叶扩压器的高速离心压气机为研究对象,通过整体或局部改变扩压器叶片安装角,开展非定常数值模拟研究并与实验结果对比验证,研究叶片安装角改变对离心压气机性能、动态特性以及失速机理的影响规律。研究表明：整体负方向旋转叶片安装角会促使扩压器更加不稳定,旋转角度从-5°到5°,最高效率点对应的质量流量逐渐增大。其中安装角偏转+5°扩压器叶片前缘靠近轮缘壁面发生流动分离,诱使无叶区间产生回流;而偏转-5°扩压器轮毂附近的流动分离主要发生在尾缘,造成扩压器叶片吸力面附近产生大范围回流。单个叶片安装角发生较大偏转(大于10°)时,扩压器比叶轮更早进入失速状态,且失速的机制可能会随着安装角偏移的增大发生改变。     

Flow fields with tip leakage vortex in a small axial cooling fan

In order to improve the fan characteristics, especially efficiency and noise level of a small axial cooling fan with a large tip clearance, the internal flow measurements with tip leakage vortex were carried out at fan rotor outlet us- ing an I-type hot-wire probe. The probe was set toward two directions, parallel and normal to the meridional plane of test fan, and the two directional velocity components were measured. From the result of fan test it was found that the test fan didn＇t have the unstable characteristic with a positive gradient on its pressure - flow-rate curve. From the results of velocity measurement it was observed that the tip leakage vortex exited at maximum efficiency flow-rate and large flow-rate conditions. However, at small flow-rate conditions the tip leakage vortex was not observed and it was found that the flow field were enlarged toward radial outwards     

Numerical and experimental study on aerodynamic performance of small axial flow fan with splitter blades

To improve the aerodynamic performance of small axial flow fan, in this paper the design of a small axial flow fan with splitter blades is studied. The RNG k-ε turbulence model and SIMPLE algorithm were applied to the steady simulation calculation of the flow field, and its result was used as the initial field of the large eddy simulation to calculate the unsteady pressure field. The FW-H noise model was adopted to predict aerodynamic noise in the six monitoring points. Fast Fourier transform algorithm was applied to process the pressure signal. Experiment of noise testing was done to further investigate the aerodynamic noise of fans. And then the results obtained from the numerical simulation and experiment were described and analyzed. The results show that the static characteristics of small axial fan with splitter blades are similar with the prototype fan, and the static characteristics are improved within a certain range of flux. The power spectral density at the six monitoring points of small axial flow fan with splitter blades have decreased to some extent. The experimental results show sound pressure level of new fan has reduced in most frequency bands by comparing with prototype fan. The research results will provide a proof for parameter optimization and noise prediction of small axial flow fans with high performance.     

大型离心式风机变工况调节中噪声特性的实验研究

目前大型电站使用的离心风机普遍存在噪声高的缺点,降低噪声已成为环保要求的迫切问题。针对G4-73No.8D大型离心式风机分别进行了出口节流调节、导流器调节和变速调节3种方式下的噪声特性实验研究,得到了变工况下的噪声特性曲线。实验表明,当流量减小时,出口节流调节下的噪声总体有所升高;导流器调节下的噪声总体呈小幅度的降低,但在某些导流器开度下噪声反而有所提高;变速调节下的噪声有大幅度的降低,噪声得到有效控制。从降低噪声和经济性方面考虑,变速调节的综合性能最优。