丙烯腈-乙腈-水热力学分析与萃取精馏过程模拟

应用模拟软件ASPEN PLUS对丙烯腈-乙腈萃取精馏进行模拟。采用NRTL热力学模型计算液相活度系数。模拟计算出的常压下气液平衡数据与文献相比较,较为吻合。通过C_3H_3N-C_2H_3N-H_2O三元物系剩余曲线与液液相平衡图分析了丙烯腈与乙腈萃取分离的可能性及丙烯腈-水共沸物分离的可能性。最后通过模拟计算得到了沿塔各组分浓度和温度分布曲线,均能达工艺分离要求。     

Sintering of Cr2O3 in H2/H2O Gas Mixtures

Sintering of Cr₂O₃ was performed at 1530°C under low pO₂ close to the Cr–Cr₂O₃ equilibrium generated by H₂/H₂O gas mixtures. Addition of 1 wt%ZrO₂ and 0·1 wt%MgO increases the density of Cr₂O₃ from 97% TD to nearly full density. Rapid densification and the higher density are attributed to the appearance of a transient CrO liquid phase as a result of the presence of ZrO₂ and MgO under the sintering conditions. A grain size reduction is also achieved owing to the presence of ZrO₂ particles and the possible formation of a MgCr₂O₄ spinel at grain boundaries. There is no connection between densification and loss of material due to evaporation. ©     

A 3-D lanthanum-organic framework containing double chains: La2[NC5H3(CO2)2]3·3H2O

A three-dimensional La(III) based metal-organic framework, La₂[NC₅H₃(CO₂)₂]₃·3H₂O, was assembled using the aromatic linker 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate. This new compound was synthesized hydrothermally and is an unusual example of a lanthanum containing metal-organic network. The compound contains two distinct La centers, each adopting a nine-coordinate geometry. The structure is built up from zig-zag chains that link via bridging water molecules into a double chain defining edge-sharing six rings. These double chains are arranged into layers and connect through 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate ligands to give the extended 3-D coordination framework. The material is thermally stable to ca. 360 °C and transforms to an unknown compound before finally decomposing to phase-pure La₂O₃ at 800 °C. The synthesis, structure, morphology and properties of the new material are described.     

Investigation of the Phase Equilibria of CO2/CH3OH/H2O and CO2/CH3OH/H2O/H2 Mixtures

The storage of excess electricity from renewable energy sources is nowadays a crucial topic. One promising technology is the methanol (CH₃OH) synthesis from H₂/CO₂ mixtures. The achievable one‐pass conversion is limited within this exothermic equilibrium reaction. A possibility to overcome this limitation would be withdrawing CH₃OH and H₂O from the gas phase through in situ condensation under reaction conditions. In this work, the phase equilibrium for mixtures representative for different degrees of conversion was studied. A view cell was employed to determine systematically the single‐ and two‐phase regimes and obtain phase envelopes for mixtures of H₂, CO₂, CH₃OH, and H₂O from 66 to 305 °C and 61 to 233 bar. Furthermore, the densities in the single‐phase area were determined and quantified by an empirical model.     

H2O-NH3-CO2体系汽液平衡计算

本文给出计算H2O-NH3-CO2三元体系在温度323.15K～473.15K、压力0.2MPa～8.0MPa、液相NH，摩尔分率≤0.3、富氨区条件下汽液平衡的UNIQUAC模型及其参数，模型的计算结果与试验数据吻合。该模型可用于尿素生产装置中蒸发冷凝、循环吸收以及水解精馏等过程的设备计算。     

Al2O3/Fe2O3吸附剂脱除硫化氢的性能

采用共沉淀法制备了氧化铝改性的氧化铁吸附剂,并采用比表面积(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)技术对吸附剂进行了表征。在固定吸附床上,考察了制备条件及吸附条件对吸附剂脱除硫化氢性能的影响。结果表明,引入氧化铝能显著提高氧化铁对硫化氢的吸附净化能力。氧化铁与氧化铝质量比为1∶0.5,造孔剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)质量分数为2%,焙烧温度500℃时,采用共沉淀法的负载氧化铝吸附剂的吸附效果最好。在气速20 mL/min,吸附温度80℃时,脱硫率和穿透硫容可分别达到99.3%和105 mg/g,其穿透硫容比未经改性的活性氧化铁提高了49.8 mg/g。     

H2O2处理H3PW12O40/ZrO2-WO3光催化降解有机染料的研究

采用浸渍法将H3PW12O40负载在ZrO2-WO3上,通过H2O2溶液的敏化,制得H3PW12O40/ZrO2-WO3（x）光催化剂,明显提高了其在模拟自然光下的催化活性。然后以光降解甲基橙为探针反应,对各反应影响因素进行了探究。在甲基橙初始浓度为5mg/L,溶液pH为2.5,催化剂的用量为0.3 g的优化情况下,光降解2 h,甲基橙的降解率达到91.16%,H3PW12O40/ZrO2-WO3（x）光催化降解甲基橙溶液为一级动力学反应。且H3PW12O40/ZrO2-WO3（x）对甲基橙、罗丹明B、碱性品和和亚甲基蓝均具有较高的光催化活性,降解率达70%-91.16%。     

The synthesis of quinodimethanes in the H90 H90 V 2 benzodifuranone and benzodipyrrolidone H90 H90 V 3 series H90 H90 V 3

The condensation of hydroquinone and 2,5-substituted hydroquinones with mandelic H90 H90 V 2 acids, or of 1,4-benzoquinone and 2,5-substituted 1,4-benzoquinones with H90 H90 V 3 mandelic acids or arylacetic acids gives 3,7-diaryl-2,6-dioxo-2,6-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran H90 H90 V 3 derivatives. Analogous benzodipyrrolidones H90 H90 V 3 have been obtained from 1,4-phenylenediamine and N,N′-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine. H90 H90 V 3 Both series are novel chromogens and have application as H90 H90 V 3 dyestuffs. The red compound obtained from 1,4-benzoquinone and cyanoacetic H90 H90 V 3 acid and reported to be a lin-pentacenetriquinone has been shown to be H90 H90 V 3 3,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)2,6-dioxo-2,6-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran. H90 H90 V 3     

Structure and composition of CO2/H2 and CO2/H2/C3H8 hydrate in relation to simultaneous CO2 capture and H2 production

Gas hydrates from a (40/60 mol %) CO₂/H₂ mixture, and from a (38.2/59.2/2.6 mol %) CO₂/H₂/C₃H₈ mixture, were synthesized using ice powder. The gas uptake curves were determined from pressure drop measurements and samples were analyzed using spectroscopic techniques to identify the structure and determine the cage occupancies. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis at ?110°C was used to determine the crystal structure. From the PXRD measurement it was found that the CO₂/H₂ hydrate is structure I and shows a self‐preservation behavior similar to that of CO₂ hydrate. The ternary gas mixture was found to form pure structure II hydrate at 3.8 MPa. We have applied attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopic analysis to measure the CO₂ distribution over the large and small cavities. ¹H MAS NMR and Raman were used to follow H₂ enclathration in the small cages of structure I, as well as structure II hydrate. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

TNT的O3/H2O2降解规律

利用自制装置,采用连续投加O3、H2O2的方式,研究了O。／H：O：对废水中TNT的降解规律。结果表明,与Oa作用相比,O3／H2O2工艺可显著提高TNT的降解率,还可避免中间产物的形成与积累;在试验研究条件下,H2O2：O3的最优摩尔比为1,最佳初始pH值在11左右,利用缓冲溶液可维持反应体系pH值的稳定,但不利于O3／H2O2功效的发挥,反应适合在常温下进行,尽量避开40℃左右;动力学特征分析表明,O／H2O2降解TNT偏离伪一级反应动力学规律。     

INVESTIGATION OF INSTABILITY OF OXIDATION OF H2 AND NH3 + H2 PLATINUM

Kinetics of oxidation reactions of H₂; and mixture H₂ + NH₃ on Pt has been studied at atmospheric pressure using a compensative electrothermography method. Existence of multiple steady states of catalyst activity and of isothermal critical phenomena is demonstrated for the system H₂ + O₂. Regions of reaction occurence are singled out and studied. Relaxation autooscillations of activity are detected. The phenomena observed are interpreted in terms of the hypothesis of branching-chain surface process. The study of critical phenomena in the mixture H₂ + NH₃; points to a common nature of active centres at oxidation of H₂ and NH₃ on Pt. A possible explanation of physical nature of active centres (a.c.) in the branching-chain surface process is proposed; the hypothesis suggests that a.c. are represented by catalyst adatoms.     

INVESTIGATION OF INSTABILITY OF OXIDATION OF H2 AND NH3 + H2 PLATINUM

Abstract

Kinetics of oxidation reactions of H₂; and mixture H₂ + NH₃ on Pt has been studied at atmospheric pressure using a compensative electrothermography method. Existence of multiple steady states of catalyst activity and of isothermal critical phenomena is demonstrated for the system H₂ + O₂. Regions of reaction occurence are singled out and studied. Relaxation autooscillations of activity are detected. The phenomena observed are interpreted in terms of the hypothesis of branching-chain surface process. The study of critical phenomena in the mixture H₂ + NH₃; points to a common nature of active centres at oxidation of H₂ and NH₃ on Pt. A possible explanation of physical nature of active centres (a.c.) in the branching-chain surface process is proposed; the hypothesis suggests that a.c. are represented by catalyst adatoms.     

苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮的合成

在乙醇钠催化下邻硝基甲苯与草酸二乙酯缩合后,经水解、双氧水氧化、盐酸酸化得到邻硝基苯乙酸,收率为62%。邻硝基苯乙酸再经硫化铵还原、重氮化反应、水解得到苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮。考察了重氮化反应时间和水解温度对反应的影响,适宜的重氮化反应时间为30 m in,适宜的水解温度135℃,在此条件下苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮的收率为51%。两步总收率为32%。     

Syntheses and Characterization of Diorganotin Derivatives of 2-Mercapto-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole: X-ray Crystal Structure of Polymeric (C3H3S2N2) [(n-C4H9)6Sn3O(OH)2](C3H3S2N2)

Diorganotin derivatives of 2-mercapto-5-methyl-1,3,4 -thiadiazole, (R = Me 1, n-Bu 2, Ph 3, PhCH₂ 4), have been synthesized and characterized by IR, ¹H, ¹³C and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectroscopy. Among them, polymer 2 was also characterized by X-ray crystallography diffraction analysis. This revealed that 2 showed a unique tricyclic structure consisting of a fused five-membered Sn₂ON₂ ring and a four-membered Sn₂O₂ ring. These formed a planar N₂Sn₃O₂ skeleton, with distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination at the two tin centers and a distorted octahedral coordination at the other tin center. The supramolecular structure of polymer 2 was a 1D zig-zag polymeric chain stabilized by intermolecular O–H...S hydrogen bonds. An erratum to this article can be found at     

2-溴-6-氯-3(2H)-苯并呋喃酮的合成

2-溴-6-氯-3(2H)-苯并呋喃酮是合成具有稠杂环结构杀虫剂的中间体.从4-氯水杨酸开始,运用新颖的方法,经过酯化、成醚、水解、闭环、溴代5步化学反应得到产物,总收率19%.产品结构经质谱、核磁共振氢谱确认正确.     

Soil transformation of 2(3H)-benzoxazolone of rye into phytotoxic 2-amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one

Nonsterile soil transforms the rye metabolite 2(3H)-benzoxazolone (BOA) into 2-amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one, which is an order of magnitude more toxic to barnyard grass than benzoxazolone. Benzoxazolone was recovered unchanged from sterile soil. However,o-aminophenol is converted to aminophenoxazinone by both sterile and nonsterile soil in the presence of air. Aminophenoxazinone is probably produced by microbial hydrolysis of benzoxazolone intoo-aminophenol, which is oxidized to aminophenoxazinone in both sterile and nonsterile soil. No 2,2′-oxo-1,1′-azobenzene was found in any incubations of soil with benzoxazolone,o-aminophenol, oro-azophenol.     

H2O2 / O3, H2O2 / UV And H2O2 / Fe2+ Processes For The Oxidation Of Hazardous Wastes

Activated hydrogen peroxide produces very reactive OH-radicals which destroy hazardous contaminants in water. The principles and different methods of activation are described. Results from laboratory studies show the numerous applications of this new technology. A successful scaleup of laboratory tests to an industrial level is discussed. Finally, a cost estimate for treating different types of water with hydrogen peroxide is presented.     

Ca~(2+)、Fe~(3+)沉淀分离HPO_3~(2-)和H_2PO_2~-的研究

采用Ca2+和Fe3+作为沉淀剂分离HPO32-和H2PO2-,研究了Ca2+和Fe3+的加入量、反应温度和陈化时间对分离效果的影响。结果表明,Ca2+作为沉淀剂时,[Ca2+]/[HPO32-]=0.94,处理温度50℃,陈化时间5h条件下HPO23-去除率达到93.1%,而H2PO2-的损失率为1.06%。Fe3+作为沉淀剂时,[Fe3+]/[HPO23-]=1.02,室温下处理,陈化时间6h条件下HPO32-去除率达到75.4%,而H2PO2-的损失率为10.6%。     

Barium aluminate hydrates II. BaO.Al2O3.H2O or 1.1 BaO.Al2O3.H2O

The compound of approximate formula BaO.Al₂O₃.H₂O has been synthesised. Infra-red and X-ray studies suggest a structure based on a framework of AlO₄ tetrahedra. Thermal dehydration and differential thermal analysis curves are presented, and are explained in terms of the suggested structure.