基于重叠片排列的流形学习算法

针对线性数据降维算法对处理非线性结构数据的降维效果不是很好,提出一种基于重叠片排列的流形学习算法,该算法根据局部的线性贴片处在非线性流形中的特性,将流形划分为线性互相重叠的局部区域贴片,且利用主成分分析方法得到局部区域贴片的低维表示,然后排列且对齐其低维坐标,以获得整体数据的低维坐标.通过仿真结果证明,基于重叠片排列的流形学习算法在应用于人脸识别和分类问题时以及在识别准确率方面要优于其他经典的流形学习算法.     

流形结构保持的传播半监督降维算法

标签传播算法(LP)是一种基于图的半监督学习算法,通过保持数据间的某些特殊结构,将部分有标签数据的标签信息迭代传递给无标签数据,直至获得全局的稳定状态.结合标签传播算法和线性鉴别分析提出一种流形结构保持的传播半监督降维算法(SDRMPP),采用流行结构上的重构权重并结合已知的部分标签信息进行标签传播,利用传播后获得的全体软标签信息构造离散度矩阵实现鉴别分析,通过求解目标函数的最优值获得特征抽取空间,从而对测试样本进行分类.在Yale和Feret两个标准人脸库上实验验证了该算法的有效性,尤其在只存有少量有标签样本的情况下,该算法仍能保持良好的分类性能.     

一种基于核的半监督局部线性嵌入方法

在局部线性嵌入算法中,标签价值没有得到充分体现。针对该问题,提出一种基于核的半监督局部线性嵌入方法。考虑到欧氏距离容易破坏流形结构,将原始数据映射到高维核空间,利用高维空间中的核距离代替欧氏距离,采用半监督标签信息调整距离矩阵,通过调整后的距离矩阵对数据结构进行线性重建,从而提高算法的降维性能。在标准数据集、人脸库、字符库等数据上进行实验,结果表明,与传统局部线性嵌入算法相比,该方法的辨识率提高了2%     

一种半监督流形学习的人脸识别方法

针对传统线性降维方法忽略数据局部结构特性的问题,提出了一种基于半监督流形学习的方法。针对人脸识别采用图像欧式距离来选择各样本点的K近邻,由此得到修改后无监督判别投影中的邻接矩阵,在传统的无监督判别投影中,融入类标签信息获得几何最优投影。通过在人脸库上的大量比较实验,验证了该方法的准确性和有效性。     

半监督局部判别分析

针对无监督学习及有监督学习算法的缺点,提出一种半监督局部判别分析的线性降维算法。数据在没有足够的训练样本时,局部结构比全局结构更重要。算法在每一个局部区域利用有标签数据推导出数据的局部判别结构,无标签数据和有标签数据推导出数据的内在几何结构。在ORL和Yale人脸数据库上的实验结果表明该算法是有效的。     

基于推广流形学习的高分辨遥感影像目标分类

针对传统的流形学习算法不能对位于黎曼流形上的协方差描述子进行有效降维这一问题，本文提出一种推广的流形学习算法，即基于Log-Euclidean黎曼核的自适应半监督正交局部保持投影（Log-Euclidean Riemannian kernel-based adaptive semi-supervised orthogonal locality preserving projection，LRK-ASOLPP），并将其成功用于高分辨率遥感影像目标分类问题.首先，提取图像每个像素点处的几何结构特征，计算图像特征的协方差描述子；其次，通过采用Log-Euclidean黎曼核将协方差描述子投影到再生核Hilbert空间；然后，基于流形学习理论，建立黎曼流形上半监督正交局部保持投影算法模型，利用交替迭代更新算法对目标函数进行优化求解，同时获得相似性权矩阵和低维投影矩阵；最后，利用求得的低维投影矩阵计算测试样本的低维投影，并用K—近邻、支持向量机（Support victor machine，SVM）等分类器对其进行分类.三个高分辨率遥感影像数据集上的实验结果说明了该算法的有效性与可行性.     

局部敏感的半监督鉴别分析方法

为解决图像处理中的高维特征在模式分类中带来的问题,提出一种基于半监督学习理论的数据降维方法,称为局部敏感的半监督鉴别分析算法.为能够发现局部的流形结构,算法寻找一个能够最小化类内距离的同时最大化类间距离的投影,并且在最优化过程中充分利用无标签数据,控制局部邻域的散度.在人脸识别数据库和行为数据库中的测试结果表明了该算法是有效的.     

一种新的局部空间排列算法

局部切空间排列算法(local tangent space alignment,LTSA)是一种经典的非线性流形学习方法,能够有效地对非线性分布数据进行降维,但它无法学习局部高曲率数据集.针对此问题,给出了描述数据集局部曲率的参数,并提出一种局部最小偏差空间排列(locally minimal deviation spacealignment,LMDSA)算法.该算法考虑到局部切空间低鲁棒性的缺陷,在计算局部最小偏差空间的同时,能够发现数据的局部高曲率现象,通过参数控制及邻域间的连接信息,减少计算局部高曲率空间的可能,进而利用空间排列技术进行降维,手工流形及真实数据集的实验证实了该算法学习局部高曲率数据集的有效性.     

基于近邻元分析的半监督流形学习算法*

现有的大多数流形学习算法偏重保持流形的几何结构,并未考虑到样本点的标签信息,这在一定程度上限制了流形学习算法在数据分类中的应用.因此文中提出一种基于近邻元分析的半监督流形学习算法,采用近邻元分析学习距离度量矩阵,在距离度量方式下选择样本点的局部邻域点.基于距离度量方式构造样本点和邻域点的局部几何结构,并在样本点的低维嵌入坐标中保持这种局部几何结构不变.3个不同数据集上的分类实验验证了文中算法的有效性.     

基于Log-Gabor小波和二维半监督判别分析的人脸图像检索*

针对光照、表情变化给人脸识别造成的影响以及大型人脸图像库的训练样本中只有部分标记的问题,结合多通道Log-Gabor小波和半监督流形学习算法,提出一种新的人脸图像检索方法。该方法首先使用Log-Ga-bor小波对人脸图像进行滤波获得特征矩阵,进一步利用提出的二维半监督流形学习算法进行维数约简,得到低维判别特征。由于该方法直接作用于Log-Gabor特征矩阵,克服了小样本带来的奇异问题;另外,通过充分利用标记和未标记信息,还保留了数据的局部流形结构,增强了特征匹配的相似性。在CMU PIE和AR人脸数据库上的实验结果表明,该方法有效且优于其他方法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。