Electrocardiographic abnormalities in hypothyroidism before and after exercise

Eleven men and 50 women with severe hypothyroidism were studied. All patients had a serum PBI less than 3.0 mug/100 ml, 131I 24 hours uptake less than 13% and a a photomotogram contraction and half relaxation time of 380 msec or more. Before exercise the mean +/- SE heart rate was 68.39 +/- 3.26/min, the PR interval 17.08 +/- 0.37 csec, the QRS voltage (sum of the QRS amplitude in leads I, II and III) 16.44 +/- 0.89 mm (10mm = 1.0 mV) and the T wave amplitude 0.06 +/- 0.15 mm. A significant correlation (p less than 0.05) existed between the PBI values and the QRS voltage. Following exercise there was a significant acceleration of the heart rate (+ 23.39/min, p less than 0.001), shortening of the PR interval (-0.66 csec, p less than 0.02) and T wave elevation (+ 0.40 mm, p less than 0.001). ST segment changes were not observed in any case. Replacement treatment in 7 cases resulted in a significant change in the resting heart rate (+ 11.86/min. p less than 0.025), PR interval (-3.28 mm, p less than 0.025) and T wave height (+ 2.50 mm, p less than 0.01). These findings suggest that exercise may be used in the differentiation between hypothyroidism and coronary heart disease. The theoretical importance of these findings is also discussed. An increase in cardiac energy demands during exercise may be the cause for some of the ECG changes observed on exertion.     

Substrate metabolism in untreated and treated thyrotoxicosis

Accelerated metabolism is a hallmark of thyrotoxicosis, but the underlying biochemical mechanisms are incompletely understood. In order to elucidate these metabolic events further, we studied 12 patients with newly diagnosed diffuse (10 patients) or nodular (two patients) toxic goitre (ten women, two men; age 42.8 +/- 3.2 yr; BMI: 21.6 +/- 0.7 kg/m2) before ("TOX") and after ("TRE") 11.2 +/- 1.0 weeks treatment with methimazole and compared these patients to a control group ("CTR") of 11 subjects (nine women, two men; age 40.5 +/- 3.9 yr; BMI 22.5 +/- 1.0 kg/m2). All were studied for three hours in the basal state, using indirect calorimetry, isotope dilution for measurement of glucose turnover and the forearm technique for assessment of muscle metabolism. Prior to treatment patients with thyrotoxicosis were characterized by: Increased (p < 0.05) levels of T3 (3.75 +/- 0.23 [TOX], 1.89 +/- 0.08 [TRE] and 1.75 +/- 0.11 [CTR] nmol/l), resting energy expenditure (130.5 +/- 3.5 [TOX], 107.7 +/- 2.7 [TRE] and 106.3 +/- 3.1 [CTR] percent of predicted), protein oxidation (0.67 +/- 0.03 [TOX], 0.54 +/- 0.06 [TRE] and 0.46 +/- 0.05 [CTR] mg/kg/min), lipid oxidation (1.34 +/- 0.08 [TOX], 1.00 +/- 0.06 [TRE] and 1.02 +/- 0.04 [CTR] mg/kg/min), endogenous glucose production (2.51 +/- 0.13 [TOX], 1.86 +/- 0.12 [TRE] and 1.85 +/- 0.12 [CTR] mg/kg/min), non-oxidative glucose turnover (1.28 +/- 0.16 [TOX], 0.75 +/- 0.18 [TRE] and 0.71 +/- 0.11 [CTR] mg/kg/min) and a 50% increase in total forearm blood flow. Glucose oxidation (1.23 +/- 0.09 [TOX], 1.13 +/- 0.10 [TRE] and 1.13 +/- 0.09 [CTR] mg/kg/min), exchange of substrates in the muscles of the forearm and circulating levels of insulin, C-peptide, growth hormone or glucagon were not influenced by hyperthyroidism. Propranolol (20 mg thrice daily) given to seven of the patients for two days did not affect circulating levels of thyroid hormones, energy expenditure or glucose turnover rates. These results suggest that all major fuel sources contribute to the hypermetabolism of thyrotoxicosis and that augmented non-oxidative glucose metabolism may further aggravate the condition. All abnormalities recede with medical treatment of the disease.     

Renal function in treated and untreated hypertension

There is now increasing evidence that essential hypertension is a serious risk factor for renal insufficiency. It has been known for many years that malignant essential hypertension rapidly causes deterioration of kidney function. This can be prevented by treatment with anti-hypertensive drugs. Mild-to-moderate essential hypertension causes significant renal function impairment only after a number of years. There are now data suggesting that the decline of renal function caused by mild-to-moderate essential hypertension can be prevented by anti-hypertensive treatment. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that anti-hypertensive drugs have a beneficial effect on the progression of renal insufficiency in patients with diabetic nephropathy and in chronic glomerulonephritis. In these situations, ACE inhibitors appear to be superior to other classes of anti-hypertensive drugs.     

Sexual behaviour in untreated and treated coeliac patients

BACKGROUND: Sexual behaviour is often altered in chronic illness. AIM: To evaluate sexual behaviour in coeliac patients before and after treatment with a gluten-free diet. PATIENTS: Fifty-five adults with coeliac disease and 51 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. METHODS: Routine clinical and laboratory work-up was used for diagnosis of coeliac disease. Age of first sexual intercourse, prevalence of individuals who were sexually active, frequency of intercourse, reduction in sexual desire, difficulty in attaining orgasm, pain during intercourse, and prevalence of individuals defining themselves as satisfied with their sexual life were investigated by an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire administered before and after one year's treatment with a gluten-free diet in coeliac patients, and only once in controls. Analyses included clinical conditions, demographic and socio-economic data. RESULTS: Compared with controls, untreated coeliac patients had a significantly lower frequency of intercourse and a lower prevalence of individuals satisfied with their sexual life. Patients with overt and subclinical coeliac disease did not show significant differences for any indices of sexual behaviour. Compared with untreated conditions, coeliac patients after one year of treatment had improved values for all indices of sexual behaviour: differences were significant for frequency of intercourse and prevalence of individuals satisfied with their sexual life. CONCLUSION: Untreated coeliac disease, even in its subclinical presentation, is associated with disorders in sexual behaviour which are improved by the dietary treatment.     

Covariation detection in treated and untreated spider phobics.

20 treated and 18 untreated spider phobics were exposed to a series of 72 slides. Three different categories of slides were used: phobia-relevant slides (spiders), alternative fear-relevant slides (weapons), and neutral slides (flowers). Slides were randomly paired with either a shock, a tone, or nothing at all. Despite the absence of a systematic correlation between slides and outcomes, untreated phobics strongly overestimated the covariation between spider slides and shock. Treated phobics did not show a covariation bias, suggesting that such bias can be modulated by the behavioral treatment. In addition, untreated Ss were more confident about their contingency estimates than were treated Ss. The present results fit with earlier studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Electrogenic glucose absorption in untreated and treated coeliac disease

Using a method for measuring changes in transmural potential difference across the human jejunum in vivo, the operational kinetic parameters of 'Apparent Km' and PD max for the active electrogenic component of glucose absorption were estimated in a group of healthy volunteers and in patients with coeliac disease. Both the 'Apparent Km' (17+/2mM; mean +/SEM) and the PD max (8.6+/0.7 mV) in nine patients with untreated coeliac disease were significantly lower (p less than 0.005) than in the control group ('Apparent Km' = 74+/5mM; PD max 12.8+/0.9mV, n=20). Treatment of five coeliac patients by gluten withdrawal for less than three months increased significantly the values of both the "Apparent Km (35+/6mM) and the TPD max (11.4+/1.2mV). Treatment of five patients for more than six months caused a further increase in the values of both kinetic parameters ('Apparent Km' = 108+/13mM; PD max =15.6+/2.7mV) to levels which exceeded those in healthy subjects. The possible interpretations of the differences in the kinetic characteristics of electrogenic glucose transport between coeliac patients and healthy subjects are discussed.     

谈中小型金矿开发的探建结合

本文分析了新疆中小型金矿勘探开发现状,论述了探建结合的必要性,提出了探建结合的方法、步骤、可能出现的问题及处理方法,并指出探建结合对地质资料的基本要求.探建结合是打破常规建设矿山的有效模式.     

中小企业技术创新存在的问题及对策

分析了中小企业技术创新存在的问题 ,提出了中小企业技术创新的措施 :保证技术创新资金到位 ,合理安排组织结构 ,建立健全技术创新的管理制度 ,强化企业家的创新精神 ,科学选择创新产品等     

Employee attitudes toward technological change in a medium sized insurance company.

How do office workers react to office automation? "Questionnaires about technological change and the installation of a new electronic computer were administered to all of the employees of a medium sized insurance company." The validity of the questionnaires was not discussed. "Most of the employees welcomed changes in their work… . They believe that machines are replacing workers in office situations but do not feel that they themselves will be replaced. They do not perceive that the introduction of the new technologies has had much effect on the amount of pay they get, their chances for promotion, or the amount of supervision they receive. But they do believe that the new technologies have changed the amount of work that they do and the degree to which there is variety in their work." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Immunoglobulin abnormalities in epileptic patients treated with diphenylhydantoin

An immunologic study was made on 170 epileptic patients treated with antiepileptic drugs. The most noteworthy finding was that the serum IgA was decreased in 22 patients, and an IgA deficiency noticed in 12 of them. The blastic transformation rate of lymphocytes in PHA-containing cultures appeared low in seven out of 12 patients. Other findings included decreased serum IgM and IgG in some patients. These abnormalities were not encountered in epileptic patients taking no anti-epileptic drugs. Therefore, they could be considered as the side effects of antiepileptic drugs. In all patients manifesting these abnormalities, diphenylhydantoin was used in common. It was surmised that the above-mentioned immunologic abnormalities caused by anti-epileptic drugs, especially diphenylhydantoin, had resulted from disorders of the antibody producing organs in the bone marrow-thymus-lymphatic system.     

非调质贝氏体型大截面塑料模具钢的研究和开发——合金成分与组织和机械性能的关系

研究了碳和合金元素对塑料模具钢在空冷和沙冷时的组织转变和硬度的影响。试验结果表明 ,为保证钢在两种冷却情况下都得到粒状贝氏体的关键控制元素为 [C]≥ 0 2 %、Mn(eq) =[Mn]+ [Cu]+ [Cr]+ 0 6 7[Si]+ 2 [V]+ 1 33[Mo]+ 0 33[Ni]+ 1 0 0 [B]≥ 2 80。在此基础上 ,测定了满足这一条件的钢在热变形条件下的奥氏体连续冷却转变 (CCT)曲线。结果发现 ,该成分的钢在冷速 0 0 2～ 1℃ /s范围内均得到粒状贝氏体 ,并且其硬度为VHN 2 75～2 80 ,几乎无差别 (变化范围在 1 0VHN内 )。工业生产结果表明 ,研制的非调质贝氏体型大截面塑料模具钢 ,厚度为 4 0 0mm的模块表面到中心得到均匀分布的贝氏体 ,其硬度分布也很均匀。     

中小型供暖锅炉补水定压的改进

分析了中小型承压热水供暖锅炉的变负荷运行工况 ,并针对系统存在的问题提出了补水定压方式的改进方案 ,稳定了运行工况 ,收到了较好的效果     

Dental abnormalities in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The purpose of this study was to define the therapy-associated dental abnormalities in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We reviewed the clinical records and panoramic radiographs of 423 survivors of ALL who were treated on one of four consecutive protocols (1975-1991). Dental abnormalities included root stunting, microdontia, hypodontia, taurodontia (enlarged pulp chambers), and over-retention of primary teeth. The frequency of these factors was determined in relation to age at initiation of treatment (< or = 8 years vs > 8 years), addition of cranial irradiation, and chemotherapeutic protocol. A total of 423 patients met the study criteria. The abnormalities comprised root stunting in 24.4% (n = 103), microdontia in 18.9% (n = 80), hypodontia in 8.5% (n = 36), taurodontia in 5.9% (n = 25), and over-retention of primary dentition in 4.0% (n = 17). Patients who were < or = 8 years old at diagnosis or who received cranial irradiation therapy developed more dental abnormalities than did those > 8 years and those who did not receive cranial irradiation (42 vs 32%). Survivors of childhood ALL often have dental abnormalities that may affect their quality of life. Dental evaluation at diagnosis and frequent follow-up may help to ensure appropriate preventive measures and minimize dental and periodontal disease.     

中小企业企业文化建设方面存在的问题及对策

企业文化是企业百年不衰的法宝 ,是企业生存和发展的精神支柱 ,中小企业在企业文化的形成、建设、发展的过程中 ,企业主要真正认识到“文化”对“企业”的重要性     

Survival rates of teeth adjacent to treated and untreated posterior bounded edentulous spaces

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of the catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor tolcapone in reducing "off/on" fluctuations in levodopa-treated parkinsonian patients. DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. SETTING: Fifteen Parkinson disease clinics. PATIENTS: Two hundred fifteen referred outpatients with Parkinson disease who showed predictable end-of-dose motor fluctuations that were not controlled by a stable levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet) regimen of at least 4 weeks' duration. INTERVENTIONS: In addition to their usual levodopa-carbidopa regimen, patients received placebo or tolcapone, 100 or 200 mg, 3 times daily orally for 6 weeks. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Change in daily off/on time. RESULTS: Tolcapone, 100 and 200 mg 3 times daily, reduced off time by 2.0 and 2.5 hours per day, respectively, and increased on time by 2.1 and 2.3 hours per day, respectively (P<.001 vs placebo). Investigators' global measures of disease severity indicated that significantly more tolcapone-treated patients had reduced wearing off and symptom severity (P<.001 vs placebo). No significant change in quality-of-life measures occurred. Clinical improvements occurred despite a reduction in total daily levodopa dose of 185.5 mg (23%) in the tolcapone, 100 mg 3 times daily, group and 251.5 mg (29%) in the 200 mg 3 times daily group. Principal adverse events (mainly dyskinesia and nausea) were levodopa related, were not treatment limiting, and were seldom reported as reasons for withdrawal. The frequency of withdrawals because of adverse events was similar in all groups (3% to 7%). CONCLUSIONS: Tolcapone was well tolerated and substantially increased on time and reduced off time in patients with fluctuating Parkinson disease. Additionally, levodopa requirements were significantly decreased.     

Prediction of improvement in treated and untreated patients using the Rorschach prognostic rating scale.

An attempt was made to evaluate the predictive validity for improvement of the Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale (RPRS) and the MMPI. A group of untreated psychiatric outpatients (N = 40) and a group of outpatients treated with psychotherapy (N = 21) were given the Rorschach and MMPI before their assignment to the treatment or waiting list groups. After a waiting or treatment period of approximately 6 mo., each patient was clinically rated as improved or unimproved. The RPRS was significantly (p     

Exercise testing in coronary artery disease with ST-segment abnormalities at rest

Two feeding bioassays were conducted to study the mortality pattern, incidence of edema and ascites formation and plasma composition of turkey poults fed diets containing varying levels of toxic fat (fat contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins) and/or salt. No significant changes in plasma concentrations of electrolyte and total protein and packed cell volume were observed in slaughtered poults fed diets containing toxic fat compared with poults fed a normal diet. However, a positive dose-response relationship between levels of dietary toxic fat (0,2 and 5%) and incidence of mortality with edema, ascites and hydropericardium was observed in poults fed diets containing 1% salt. The toxic effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins were accentuated by increasing the level of salt (0.5, 1 and 3%) in the diet. Mortality started at nine days of age and increased on days 10 and 11. The present experiments demonstrated that gross pathological changes similar to those reported for "chick edema disease" caused by feeding polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, could also be produced in young turkey poults. The etiology of the toxic effects of these organic compounds in edema formation is discussed.     

Hepatic function after acute of subchronic nicotine administration in untreated mice and mice treated with hepatotoxic chemicals

Male mice treated with nicotine hydrochloride either acutely (5 mg/kg i.p.) or subchronically (5 mg/kg i.p. daily for 3 weeks; 25 mg/liter in drinking water for 2-3 months) showed no evidence of hepatic dysfunction, as measured by serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase or serum alkaline phosphatase activities. Neither acute nor subchronic administration modified the hepatotoxic response to a potent hepatotoxin (carbon tetrachloride), nor that of less potent hepatotoxins chloroform or 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, nor was the cholestatic effect of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate modified.     

Molar environmental contexts surrounding recovery from alcohol problems by treated and untreated problem drinkers.

The relation between event occurrences and recovery from drinking problems was investigated in abstinent problem drinkers with different help-seeking histories: no assistance (n?=?18), Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) only (n?=?18), or alcohol treatment plus AA (n?=?21). Events were assessed retrospectively for a 4-year period that spanned the 2 years before and 2 years after subjects initiated stable abstinence (M?=?6.8 years abstinent). Collaterals verified subjects' reports. Events common to recovery across the 3 help-seeking groups included decreases from the pre- through the postresolution period in events reflecting health, legal, intimate relations, and family problems and increases during the year following initial abstinence in events reflecting positive changes in health habits, finances, social activities, and intimate relations. The changes in legal and social events and in positive events generally were due largely to the 2 groups who had received assistance. Results suggest similarities in the molar environmental contexts that surround recoveries achieved with and without assistance, whereas differences in event occurrences due to help-seeking status were more circumscribed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)