剩余污泥脱水预处理技术研究进展

剩余污泥脱水实现减量化是后续处置的关键。利用CiteSpace分析了国内外剩余污泥脱水领域的研究方向，综述了化学调理和氧化（酸/碱预处理、药剂调理、氧化预处理等）、物理预处理（微波、超声、水热、冷融、电渗透等）及生物预处理等预处理技术强化剩余污泥脱水的机理和效果。最后，基于碳中和背景下，提出剩余污泥脱水前处理技术的发展方向，以期为污泥脱水工艺选择和研发提供有效的科学支撑。     

剩余污泥厌氧发酵制氢效率的研究进展

剩余污泥中存在大量的微生物,微生物的细胞质富含丰富的有机质(包括糖、蛋白质和脂肪等),但微生物的细胞质被细胞壁包裹,限制了污泥的厌氧发酵。想要改变污泥中有机物的可利用性,必须采用适当的预处理技术,破坏细菌的细胞壁使有机质溶出,以利于后续厌氧发酵产氢。系统介绍了物理﹙微波、超声波和热预处理﹚、化学﹙酸、碱预处理﹚、生物﹙酶预处理﹚等预处理方式及其他因素对污泥厌氧发酵产氢率的影响。     

微波协同低碱预处理剩余污泥效果分析

采用微波协同低碱技术预处理剩余污泥[NaOH投加量≤15mg/(gTS)]。通过对比加碱前后污泥溶液溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)、溶解性蛋白质、溶解性总糖、氨氮、pH值、电导率等随微波处理时间的变化,考察该技术对污泥破解以及污泥特性的影响。结果表明,微波协同低碱对污泥的破解效果明显优于单独微波和单独碱处理。二者的协同作用进一步提高了污泥溶胞率,增大了有机物的溶出量,尤其以蛋白质的溶出更为显著,而且较高的微波功率与碱的协同效果更好。碱的加入使预处理后的污泥pH值维持在9.1~9.5的偏碱性条件,同时减少了污泥电导率的减小量。而污泥溶液氨氮浓度在预处理前后变化不大。因此,微波协同低碱预处理剩余污泥将有助于改善后续微生物燃料电池(MFC)的污泥降解和产电性能。     

污泥类型对污泥碱性发酵的影响

污水处理厂中污泥通常以剩余污泥、初沉污泥以及混合污泥的形式存在。污泥组成不同,污泥的发酵产物不同。为此,考察了温度35℃,pH= 10,等挥发性悬浮固体浓度（VSS）条件下这3种污泥的厌氧发酵情况。结果表明：无论是溶出的溶解性化学需氧量（SCOD）还是产总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）,都是剩余污泥>混合污泥>初沉污泥。 剩余污泥、混合污泥以及初沉污泥的最佳发酵时间均为8 d,第8 d 相似文献   

微波预处理剩余污泥的研究进展

介绍了微波预处理污泥的作用机理及作用过程,包括污泥絮体破解、污泥细胞破碎及有机物的释放、有机物水解、美拉德反应等,总结了微波预处理污泥的作用效果（物理特性、化学特性、生物特性）、影响微波预处理效果的因素（污泥特性、处理条件）和微波预处理污泥对其后续厌氧消化的影响。指出了目前研究中存在的主要问题是试验规模偏小,预处理方式为间歇处理,在对污泥中有毒有害有机物和病原微生物的去除研究方面还需加强。提出今后应重点开展微波组合工艺对污泥中有毒有害有机物和病原微生物去除的基础研究,同时积极开发相关设备,开展微波预处理污泥的连续和中试研究,推动微波技术在污泥资源化、减量化和无害化处理中的应用。     

以微生物燃料电池技术资源化利用剩余污泥的研究进展

介绍了剩余污泥存在的问题与剩余污泥资源化利用方法,重点介绍以微生物燃料电池技术资源化利用剩余污泥的研究进展,包括直接利用剩余污泥与间接利用剩余污泥为燃料的微生物燃料电池技术方面的最新研究进展。直接利用剩余污泥作为微生物燃料电池的燃料,介绍了该方法的产电输出功率密度、污泥中总化学需氧量（TCOD）等的去除情况、污泥的减量效果等;间接利用剩余污泥作为燃料,包括剩余污泥微波预处理上清液作为燃料与剩余污泥发酵产生的挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）作为燃料,这些微生物燃料电池技术都能有效地资源化利用剩余污泥,同时达到污泥减量的目的,该方法具有广阔的应用前景。     

剩余污泥微波热解技术研究进展

剩余污泥的产量大,处理处置费用高,已成为困扰污水处理厂的难题。在惰性条件下热解剩余污泥生成生物油、生物气以及污泥生物炭等产物,可实现能量和资源的同步回收,应用前景极为广阔。本文总结了目前对于污泥特性、热解温度、升温速率、微波吸收剂、化学添加剂、载气对剩余污泥微波热解的影响的研究,并探讨了污泥热解机制,为微波热解剩余污泥提供了关键技术的参数,利于提高污泥热解效率,优化热解产物品质,为促进污泥微波热解系统化、产业化提供技术支持。同时指出了污泥微波热解受限于微波热解设备,致使其处理投资成本高及处理量小,为污泥微波热解工业化提出了巨大的挑战。最后展望了污泥微波热解的发展趋势及应注重攻克的关键问题。     

污泥生物转化为VFAs及用于生物除磷的研究进展

城市污水处理厂产生的污泥按照来源的不同可以分为初沉污泥和剩余污泥,总量约占处理水量的0.3%～0.5%(以含水率97%计).国内外对污泥厌氧水解产酸的研究多集中于使用初沉污泥或初沉和二沉污泥的混合污泥.污泥经过水解发酵后,既能产生生物除磷过程所需的有机酸,又减少了剩余污泥对环境的污染.将城市污水厂污泥生物转化为挥发性有机酸并用于强化生物除磷丰富了生物除磷和污泥处理与资源化等研究内容,同时对于许多南方污水厂碳源少的情况也有着一定的实际应用价值.     

不同预处理方法对提高剩余污泥稳定性的研究

活性污泥法的广泛使用带来了大量剩余污泥。剩余污泥的独特结构给后期的处理带来了巨大的困难,因此要对剩余污泥进行预处理,破坏这种胞外聚合结构。主要介绍了物理、化学、生物三类预处理方法提高污泥的脱水性能和稳定化程度。     

剩余污泥强化厌氧消化预处理技术进展

剩余污泥的处理一直以来是困扰各污水处理厂的难题,而常规的厌氧消化技术沼气的转化效率低下的原因是水解步骤受到微生物细胞壁的阻隔导致最终的产气量及产甲烷效率受到限制,因此找出适宜的污泥预处理方法去破坏污泥中微生物细胞壁溶出大量有机物显得尤为重要。介绍了机械预处理技术、物理预处理技术、化学预处理技术和生物预处理技术,分析了各技术的原理、特点和处理效果,提出了未来的研究重点和方向,为污泥的强化厌氧消化预处理提供参考。     

Biogas Production of Ozone and/or Microwave-Pretreated Canned Maize Production Sludge

The production of canned maize is accompanied by formation of large volumes of waste water, with high contents of starch, and high chemical- and biochemical oxygen demand. In our work the effects of acidic, microwave and ozone pretreatment on the biogas production and aerobic biodegradability of canned maize production sludge were examined and the energy balance of the processes were determined when different sludge pretreatments were used. It was found that ozone treatment decreased the chemical oxygen demand, while the biochemical oxygen demand and the aerobic biodegradability increased. The combination of microwave and ozone treatment increased the biodegradability relative to ozone treatment alone.     

Effects of thermal treatments on five different waste activated sludge samples solubilisation, physical properties and anaerobic digestion

In order to face excess waste activated sludge management problems, sludge anaerobic digestion with thermal pre-treatment is of great interest. If most of works agree on the optimal treatment temperature (160–180 °C), results of thermal pre-treatments in terms of biogas production are very dispersed. With the aim of analysing the impact of sludge samples, thermal pre-treatments were carried on five different waste activated sludge samples.

For temperatures lower than 200 °C, COD solubilisation was found to increase linearly with treatment temperature and all the different sludge samples behaved in the same way. For temperatures lower than 150 °C, carbohydrates solubilisation was more important than proteins solubilisation. Analyses of sludge apparent viscosity, settleabilty and dewaterability (CST) of pre-treated sludge pointed out a threshold temperature of 150 °C. Thermal treatments up to 190 °C allowed the biogas production to increase during batch anaerobic digestion of sludge. Biogas volume enhancement was linked to sludge COD solubilisation and to untreated sludge initial biodegradability; the lower the initial biodegradability, the higher is the impact of thermal treatment.     

Combined Ozone Pretreatment and Anaerobic Digestion for the Reduction of Biological Sludge Production in Wastewater Treatment

The ever-increasing amount of solid waste generated by wastewater treatment plants highlights emerging economic and environmental issues. In order to develop new processes producing less sludge, the use of ozone combined with anaerobic digestion was investigated for waste activated sludge treatment. This paper was aimed at evaluating the impact of ozone pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and particularly the enhancement of biogas production. Sludge solubilization was estimated in terms of modification of chemical oxygen demand, solids and nitrogen. Batch anaerobic digestion highlighted the enhancement of ozonated sludge biodegradability. Ozonation led to an increase in biogas production. The ozone dose of 0.15 g O₃/g total solids resulted in a considerable increase in the soluble COD ratio from 4% to 37%. This ozone dose achieved the highest increase in biogas production: 2.4 times greater than without chemical pretreatment.     

Ozonation as a Pre-treatment for Anaerobic Digestion of Waste-Activated Sludge: Effect of the Ozone Doses

The aim of the present study was to improve the anaerobic biodegradability of waste-activated sludge by using ozonation. The effect of different ozone doses was assessed in terms of biogas production, maximum biogas production rate, and concentration of amino acids and long-chain fatty acids in the waste-activated sludge. Four different doses were used: 0.043 gO₃ g_TSS^?1, 0.063 gO₃ g_TSS^?1, 0.080 gO₃ g_TSS^?1, and 0.100 gO₃ g_TSS^?1. The lower doses resulted in biogas production increases and a higher maximum biogas production rate in the anaerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge, while the contrary occurred at higher doses. The amino acids and long-chain fatty acids concentrations decreased when the ozone dose increased. The correlation with the ozone dose was nonlinear for amino acids and linear for long-chain fatty acids. The reaction products of long-chain fatty acids (aldehydes) are proposed as the cause of inhibition observed in the anaerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge treated with higher ozone doses.     

Enhanced biogas production from herbal‐extraction process residues by microwave‐assisted alkaline pretreatment

BACKGROUND: Lignocellulosic wastes such as herbal‐extraction process residues (HPR) are not easily utilized by microorganisms owing to their physical shielding of cellulose imparted by the non‐digestible lignin. Therefore, there is a great interest to develop an efficient pretreatment technique to disrupt recalcitrant structures of lignocellulosic wastes and improve renewable energy production. RESULTS: A microwave‐assisted alkaline pretreatment (MAP) method has been developed for the enhancement of biogas production from HPR. The maximum cumulative biogas production reached 1477 mL when the HPR was hydrolyzed by MAP for 30 min with an alkali loading of 0.12 g‐NaOH/g‐HPR, where the maximum weight loss of HPR after biogas fermentation reached 72.1%. CONCLUSION: The present work demonstrated that MAP is a promising method for improving bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes to biogas. HPR pretreated by combining microwave irradiation and alkali resulted in releasing more soluble substances from HPR and increasing the accessibility of HPR for anaerobic biodigestion compared with traditional alkaline pretreatment (AP) and microwave‐assisted water pretreatment (MWP). Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

臭氧氧化与序批式好氧活性污泥法组合工艺的污泥减量化效果

该文研究了臭氧技术应用于剩余污泥处理过程中臭氧利用率及污泥的可生化性随时间的变化,组建了臭氧氧化与序批式好氧活性污泥法结合的联合工艺。将臭氧单元处理过的污泥全部回流至曝气池与污水进行合并处理,考察了不同臭氧投加量下联合工艺中剩余污泥的产量和污水处理效果。结果表明,当处理污泥浓度为4 000 mg/L,污泥体积为3 L,臭氧进气浓度为6.5 mg/L,气量为6 L/min时,前20 min的臭氧利用率几乎为100%,随后利用率逐渐降低;污泥的可生化性先降低,而后逐渐升高,在30 min时达到最大,其后又开始下降;当臭氧投加量为0.078 kg O3/kg MLSS时,联合工艺的污泥增长率几乎为0,同时出水水质相对对照组没有明显变化。     

Effect of Digested Sludge Properties on Mechanical Dewatering Efficiency: An Experimental Approach

To optimize the anaerobic digestion process of residual sludge, co-substrates addition and pre-treatments are increasingly being employed. Nevertheless, if these processes allow the optimization of biogas production, they can significantly impact the efficiency of mechanical dewatering processes for digested sludge. In this article, the impact of co-substrate addition (oily sludge) and thermal pre-treatment on the efficiency of mechanical dewatering of digested sludge was investigated. To this purpose, mechanical dewatering experiments were conducted at lab-scale by using a filtration-compression cell to determine the limit dryness of various digestates. In addition, control factors of the mechanical dewatering efficiency of digested sludge were investigated. Results highlight that 67% of the variance of the limit dryness of digestates is due to the variable “volatile solid/total solid ratio.”     

华南地区低有机质污泥碱性厌氧产酸(VFAs)性能机理与菌群分析

目前,我国利用剩余污泥产挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)的碳源化研究主要集中在对华东和北方地区污水厂污泥的利用,而采用华南地区污水厂剩余污泥进行产酸的研究较少,且对其开展实际现场产酸特性的研究更是少见报道。采用半连续式厌氧产酸反应器,对广东省肇庆市鼎湖区污水处理厂剩余污泥产挥发性脂肪酸的系统特性进行了试验研究。研究结果表明,系统在碱性条件下(pH 10.0)具有良好的水解产酸性能。VFAs对应的COD(VFAs-COD)占SCOD的比重较大,平均占比73.89%,高于现有同类研究结果2%~15%。同时仅伴随着少量的多糖和蛋白质积累(对应的COD占SCOD的比重为5%~15%)。乙酸为主要的VFAs组成成分,平均占比51.43%,系统优势菌几乎全部为产酸菌,包括Acetoanaerobium sp.、Clostridiales bacterium Z-810、Proteinivorax tanatarense strain Z-910、Tissierella sp.,其中Acetoanaerobium sp.、Clostridiales bacterium Z-810在同类研究中暂无报道。系统产酸过程中可实现33.5%的污泥减量率。     

含油废水处理厂污泥的厌氧消化试验

为研究含油废水处理产生的剩余污泥和气浮污泥的厌氧消化性能,试验采取序批式厌氧消化两种含油污泥的方法,对含油污泥的组成变化及产气性能进行测定,并将其结果与市政剩余污泥进行对比。试验结果显示,经过35天的厌氧消化,含油剩余污泥和含油气浮污泥的可挥发固体（VS）降解率分别为4.98%和3.74%,TCOD降解率分别为10%和3.4%,产气量分别为0.97 L/gVS和0.56 L/gVS。经过和市政剩余污泥对比后表明,含油气浮污泥厌氧消化性能差,不宜进行厌氧消化处理;含油剩余污泥厌氧消化性能相对强于含油气浮污泥,但弱于市政剩余污泥。