氧含量及夹杂物对高强钢金属芯焊丝E120C-K4熔敷金属冲击韧性的影响

本工作通过改变保护气体配比和Zr-Ti、Ti-B微合金化研究了金属芯焊丝E120C-K4熔敷金属中的氧含量及夹杂物对其微观组织和冲击韧性的影响。研究表明:在金属芯焊丝E120C-K焊接熔敷金属中,随着氧含量的增加,熔敷金属组织晶粒尺寸增大,粒状贝氏体含量增加,夹杂物尺寸增大、含量增加,熔敷金属的冲击韧性明显降低;添加微量Zr-Ti微合金的熔敷金属中夹杂物面积在单位面积所占比例降低,夹杂物的平均粒径减小,尺寸集中于0.4～0.7μm之间,为针状铁素体(AF)形核提供了潜在质点,从而提高了熔敷金属的冲击吸收功。     

熔敷金属中筐篮编织状针状铁素体组织研究

通过TEM分析和焊丝表面敷层技术,研究了熔敷金属中筐篮编织状组织特征。研究表明,筐篮编织状针状铁素体组织是由平行排列的αFe铁素体针束以近似垂直的角度结合而成。当熔敷金属中w(Ni)从1.90%增加到2.49%,w(Cr)从1.1%减少到0.8%时,熔敷金属中筐篮编织状组织的含量有所提高。     

热输入对船用高强药芯焊丝熔敷金属低温韧性的影响

使用三种热输入对船用高强药芯焊丝进行CO_2气体保护焊,使用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)以及电子背散射技术(EBSD)等手段研究了热输入对熔敷金属微观组织及低温韧性的影响。结果表明,使用三种热输入的熔敷金属组织主要由针状铁素体(AF)、侧板条铁素体(FSP)和少量残余奥氏体(RA)组成;随着热输入的增加铁素体由针状向板条状转变,其中针状铁素体的含量降低而镐牙状的侧板条铁素体的含量提高,板条间的残余奥氏体由薄膜状向块状转变;同时,随着热输入的增多熔敷金属中尺寸小于1μm的夹杂物含量减少而夹杂物的总含量增多;随着热输入的增加20°~50°的大角度晶界减少,熔敷金属的强度、塑性和低温韧性随之降低,-40℃冲击断口的形貌由韧窝+准解理向解理过渡。     

Ti对金红石型药芯焊丝熔敷金属组织性能影响

以金红石型药芯焊丝为基础,通过在焊丝中加入不同含量的钛铁,研究了Ti对熔敷金属组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随焊丝钛含量的增加,脱氧方式从Ti、Si、Mn联合脱氧逐渐转为以Ti脱氧为主,且熔敷金属中夹杂物的Ti含量逐渐增大,同时熔敷金属中合金元素含量增加,屈服强度逐渐趋近抗拉强度,塑性变差。组织分析发现,以复合氧化物形式存在的化合钛对针状铁素体的形成有促进作用,以合金元素形式存在的固溶钛对针状铁素体的形成有抑制作用。     

脱氧剂对电焊条熔敷金属力学性能的影响

向焊条药皮中添加不同比例的脱氧剂金属锰和钛铁获得4种电焊条,通过焊条熔敷金属化学成分分析、力学性能试验及金相试验,研究了金属锰、钛铁作为脱氧剂对电焊条熔敷金属力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着药皮中金属锰含量的增加,焊条熔敷金属拉伸强度升高,冲击韧性出现峰值;随着钛铁含量增加,焊条熔敷金属拉伸强度升高,冲击韧性提高。     

微量B对440MPa级焊条熔敷金属低温冲击韧性的影响

通过药皮过渡添加B,研究了微量B对440MPa级焊条熔敷金属低温冲击韧性的影响。试验发现,冲击韧性对B含量的变化较敏感,同时当焊缝中Ti含量不同时,B含量的影响也不同。当Ti含量为0.01%~0.04%(w)时,B含量在30×10-6(w)左右时韧性最好;当Ti含量为0.04%~0.07%时,B含量在(40~90)×10-6范围内韧性最好。B含量适中时熔敷金属组织几乎全是均匀细小的针状铁素体,B含量过低组织中出现大量的先共析铁素体,B含量过高则会生成沿原奥氏体晶界分布的粒状贝氏体和上贝氏体。     

Mo元素对船用高强钢碱性焊条熔敷金属组织和性能的影响

测试5种不同Mo含量的船用高强钢焊条的熔敷金属力学性能,采用光学显微镜和透射电镜进行微观组织观察和分析,并采用Jamtpro软件模拟计算熔敷金属的焊接CCT图。结果表明,随着Mo含量增多,熔敷金属屈服强度和抗拉强度显著提升,但冲击韧性及塑性呈下降趋势;焊接CCT曲线逐渐向右下方移动,熔敷金属的组织由韧性较好的针状铁素体逐渐向硬脆的贝氏体和马氏体转变;当Mo含量高于0.482%时,熔敷金属中会产生对韧性不利的M-A组元,当Mo含量高于0.887%时,熔敷金属中会析出Mo的碳化物,造成严重脆化。     

针状铁素体焊缝金属腐蚀行为的研究

低合金高强钢广泛应用于油气管道钢结构件的焊接生产中.对于其焊缝中包含的大量的针状铁素体组织的腐蚀行为,国内外尚未进行广泛的研究.本文针对多种焊接工艺规范:1.91kJ/mm, 2.70kJ/mm 及 4.78kJ/mm条件下的针状铁素体焊缝金属,分别对其进行了25℃空气中、25℃通N2除氧及50℃通N2除氧3种NACE溶液中腐蚀行为的研究.极化曲线测试结果表明,随着焊缝熔敷金属中针状铁素体比例的增加,阴极电流不断变大,熔敷金属的极化电阻迅速减小,从而影响了焊缝熔敷金属在腐蚀介质中的耐腐蚀性.     

690 MPa级以上高强钢焊接熔敷金属微观组织及其联合贝氏体的研究进展

690 MPa级以上高强钢的发展和工程应用受限于缺乏与其强韧性相匹配的焊接材料,其根本原因是以针状铁素体为主的690 MPa级以下高强钢熔敷金属的强韧化理论已经不能指导新一代高强钢焊接熔敷金属的设计。因此,解决该问题的关键是寻求最佳的熔敷金属微观组织结构。综述了690 MPa级以上高强钢焊接熔敷金属中出现的联合贝氏体和其它各类微观组织对其强韧性的影响。其中,由不同形貌贝氏体相和针状铁素体相组成的复相分割结构可使焊接熔敷金属实现良好的强韧性匹配;然而,联合贝氏体作为下贝氏体的一种,其大尺寸的特点会显著降低高强钢焊接熔敷金属的强韧性;此外,可以通过物理冶金改善高强钢焊接熔敷金属的性能。     

690镍基合金焊条熔敷金属的组织与性能研究

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验、弯曲试验和晶间腐蚀试验分析了690镍基合金ENiCrFe-7焊条中各元素对熔敷金属组织、缺陷和力学性能的影响,研制符合核电设备使用要求的焊条.研究表明:焊缝熔敷金属中的沿晶裂纹引起焊缝金属拉伸性能、冲击韧性和弯曲性能的降低;随着焊缝中Nb,Ti元素含量的增加,焊缝析出相(Nb,Ti)(C,N)和NbC的数量增加,焊缝中滑移晶界受到析出相的钉扎,裂纹扩展受到抑制,焊缝熔敷金属的强度、塑性和弯曲性能得到提高;Nb和Ti的加入减小了Cr_(23)C_6析出数量,抑制了晶间腐蚀裂纹的产生.新研制的镍基焊条满足核电设备对焊缝熔敷金属的性能要求.     

A Study of Microstructures and Properties of High‐Carbon Si‐Cr Cast Steel Containing Rare Earth and Titanium

The microstructure, tensile and impact behaviour of high‐carbon Si‐Cr cast steel containing rare earth (RE) and titanium have been determined after austempering. The additions of RE and titanium refined the primary austenite grain size resulting in improving toughness. The addition of silicon handicapped the formation of carbide and carbide‐free bainitic ferrite and carbon enriched retained austenite could be obtained in the austempering structures of high‐carbon Si‐Cr cast steel, which had excellent mechanical properties and abrasion resistance. Moreover, the basic tendency of the mechanical properties of high‐carbon Si‐Cr cast steel influenced by the austempering temperature was that the hardness and tensile strength reduced and the impact toughness and fracture toughness increased with increasing temperature. The comprehensive properties were the best while austempering at 330^oC.     

Processing of Ultralow Carbon Pipeline Steels with Acicular Ferrite

Acicular ferrite microstructure was achieved for an ultralow carbon pipeline steel through the improved thermome chanical control process (TMCP), which was based on the transformation process of deformed austenite of steel. Compared with commercial pipeline steels, the experimental ultralow carbon pipeline steel possessed the satisfied strength and toughness behaviors under the current improved TMCP, although it contained only approximately 0.025% C, vvhich should mainly be attributed to the microstructural characteristics of acicular ferrite.     

Effects of Carbon on the CG HAZ Toughness and Transformation of X80 Pipeline Steel

X80 pipeline steel produced by TMCP has high strength and high toughness with ultrafine grain microstructure. The microstructure coarsens and the toughness worsens at the coarse grained (CG) HAZ apparently after weld simulation. The experimental results indicated that the bainitic ferrite and the second phases formed at cooling are differently as the variation of carbon in base metal. In low carbon steels, the bainitic ferrite laths are long and narrow, the second phases are complex including residual austenite, martensite, the M-A constituent and the Fe3C carbide. The formation of Fe3C carbide is the main reason of the poor toughness in CG HAZ. The ultralow carbon in base metal, however, can improve the CG HAZ toughness through restraining the formation of carbides, decreasing the M-A constituent, increasing the residual austenite content, which are beneficial to the CG HAZ toughness.     

Effect of Si,Mn and Al on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ADI Weld Metal

The effects of Si,Mn and Al on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ADl weld have been studied.The microstructure of ADl weld metal mainly consists of bainitic ferrite and retained austenite.Mechanical properties of Adl weld increase with increasing Si content,but an excess of Si(3.79%) results in decreasing the austemperability owing to decreasing the carbon content of the matrix austenite.Mn increases the retained austenite volume fractio,but the ductility and impact toughness of weld obviously decrease with increasing Mn content because of increased amount of martenite and twin martenite.In the range of 0.13%-0.64%Al ,increasing Al content favours improving the mechanical properties of ADl weld.Therefore,it is very important to select suitable Si,Mn and Al contents to improve mechanical properties of ADl weld .     

Effect of rare earths on impact toughness of a low-carbon steel

Studies of an industrial low-carbon steel (B450NbRE) suggest that the impact toughness is unexpectedly low under its practical service, probably resulting from the unstable recovery of rare earths (RE) in steelmaking. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of RE on the impact toughness in low-carbon steel. The B450NbRE steels with content of 0.0012–0.0180 wt.% RE were produced by vacuum induction furnace. The impact toughness and microstructure were investigated after hot rolled. The Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator was used to validate the effect of RE on the microstructure. The results indicate that the microstructure of hot-rolled steels is characterized by polygonal ferrite, quasi-polygonal ferrite, bainite and pearlite. The impact toughness increases with RE contents reaching the peak with content of 0.0047 wt.% RE, such a change exhibits the same rule as the case of the ferrite amount. However, this improvement in impact toughness is not only due to an increase in ferrite amount, but also the fine grained structure and the cleaner grain boundaries. And content of 0.0180 wt.% RE is excessive. Such an addition of the RE resulted in the martensite precipitates at the grain boundaries, which are extremely detrimental to impact toughness.     

Carbon fibre-cement adhesion in carbon fibre reinforced cement composites

The addition of small amounts of short carbon fibres to cement causes a great increase in the composite material toughness and tensile, flexural, and impact strength. In order to understand how cement properties are improved by carbon fibres and to understand the level of adhesion and interfacial failure mode which are necessary to obtain optimum carbon fibre reinforced cement (CFRC) properties, various admixtures were included in cement and CFRC. Their effects on the carbon fibre-cement adhesion and the composite material properties were determined using fibre pull-out and composite material flexural tests. The addition of latex to CFRC, and hot water curing of CFRC dramatically increase fibre-matrix adhesion. Both latex (with an anti-foam agent) and hot water curing increase flexural strength by 40% over adhesion changes the failure mode from fibre pull-out to fibre rupture. Optimum strength and toughness of CFRC result from an intermediate level of fibre-matrix adhesion.     

Improvement of impact toughness of AWS E6010 weld metal by adding TiO2 nanoparticles to the electrode coating

The effect of TiO₂ nanoparticles in the electrode coating on the impact toughness of three weld metals prepared by the shielded metal arc welding process was investigated and the main factors affecting the impact toughness were discussed. The microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture surface morphology of the weld metals have been evaluated and the results are compared. When the content of TiO₂ nanoparticles in the composition of electrode coating is increased, the morphology of ferrite in the microstructure of columnar zone will change from Widmanstätten ferrite to acicular ferrite. This finally changes to allotriomorphic ferrite when the amount of TiO₂ nanoparticles in the electrode coating goes relatively high. Furthermore, the addition of TiO₂ nanoparticles is effective in refining the ferrite grain size of the reheated microstructures of weld metals. This effect is attributed to the increased number of nucleation sites on the oxide nanoparticles. The impact toughness of the weld metal was improved by adding TiO₂ nanoparticles, especially when a medium TiO₂ nanoparticle content was used in the electrode coating. A significant increase in the impact toughness of weld metal was shown to be due to the increased percentage of acicular ferrite and refinement of microstructure.     

氮对钒微合金钢粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)的组织和性能的影响

用热模拟方法研究了氮含量对钒微合金钢粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)的组织和性能的影响。结果表明,氮含量为0.0031%或0.021%时,CGHAZ的韧性较差。氮含量0.0031%时CGHAZ中有少量的Ti(C,N),晶界铁素体(GBF)较少,晶内有大量尺寸较大的侧板条铁素体(FSP),解理裂纹沿FSP的直线扩展使其韧性较差。氮含量0.021%时在CGHAZ中生成了较为粗大的(Ti, V)(C, N)和GBF,解理裂纹沿GBF扩展使其韧性较差。氮含量为0.012%时低温韧性较好,在CGHAZ中生成了大量细小的(Ti, V)(C, N)粒子,且GBF尺寸相对较小,晶内有大量的针状铁素体(AF)。这些因素都有利于阻止裂纹扩展,使其低温韧性显著提高。     

Fracture behavior of ultra-fine grained steel bar under dynamic loading

Ultra-fine grained steel bars were recently developed by thermo-mechanical controlled rolling with rapid cooling for increasing the strength of low carbon and low alloy steels. The developed steels are characterized by fine ferrite grains of less than 1 m and high strength as a result of grain refinement. However, their correlations between tensile properties and impact behavior are not well understood. In this paper, impact absorbed energy (E _p) and dynamic fracture toughness (J _Id) were used to evaluate the dynamic fracture behavior of the ultra-fine grained steels, and the fracture mechanisms were also investigated. For the ultra-fine grained steels, tensile stress-strain curve was shown to be correlated with the impact curve of load vs. time, and to be related to the dynamic fracture toughness. The steel with large ferrite grains, small ferrite grain colony and martensite was found to have a good combination of strength and toughness.