Chatter stability prediction in high-speed micromilling of Ti6Al4V via finite element based microend mill dynamics

High-speed micromilling (spindle speeds 100 000 r/min) can create complex three-dimensional microfeatures in difficult-to-machine materials. The micromachined surface must be of high quality, to meet functional requirements. However, chatter-induced dynamic instability deteriorates the surface quality and can be detrimental to tool life. Chatter-free machining can be accomplished by identifying stable process parameters via stability lobe diagram. To generate accurate stability lobe diagram, it is essential to determine the microend mill dynamics. Frequency response function is required to determine the tooltip dynamics obtained by experimental impact analysis. Note that application of impact load at the microend mill tip (typically 100-500 μm) is not feasible as it would invariably end with tool failure. Consequently, alternative methods need to be developed to identify the microend mill dynamics. In the present work, the frequency response function for the microend mill is obtained by finite element method modal analysis. The frequency response function obtained from modal analysis has been verified from the experimentally obtained frequency response function. The experimental frequency response function was obtained by impacting the microend mill near the taper portion with an impact hammer and measuring the vibration of the tool-tip with a laser displacement sensor. The fundamental frequency obtained from finite element method modal analysis shows a difference of 6.6% from the experimental fundamental frequency. Microend mill dynamics obtained from the finite element method is used for chatter prediction in high-speed micromilling operations. The stability lobe diagram predicts the stability boundary accurately at 60 000 r·min^-1 and 80 000 r/min; however, a slight deviation is observed at 100 000 r/min. The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-018-0210-4     

Wake field analysis and modelling of microwave instability in the ILC damping ring

Wake field simulations are performed for given technical designs of the vacuum chamber components for the 6.4 km ILC damping ring, in order to calculate longitudinal wake functions. Modelling of the microwave instability based on multi-turn tracking with many particles is described. A comparison is presented between the potential well distortion found from solving the Haissinski equation and the results of tracking simulations. The threshold for the microwave instability is found for the given designs and lattice parameters.     

Solvent-free MALDI-MS for the analysis of a membrane protein via the mini ball mill approach: case study of bacteriorhodopsin

A mini ball mill (MBM) solvent-free matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) method allows for the analysis of bacteriorhodopsin (BR), an integral membrane protein that previously presented special analytical problems. For well-defined signals in the molecular ion region of the analytes, a desalting procedure of the MBM sample directly on the MALDI target plate was used to reduce adduction by sodium and other cations that are normally attendant with hydrophobic peptides and proteins as a result of the sample preparation procedure. Mass analysis of the intact hydrophobic protein and the few hydrophobic and hydrophilic tryptic peptides available in the digest is demonstrated with this robust new approach. MS and MS/MS spectra of BR tryptic peptides and intact protein were generally superior to the traditional solvent-based method using the desalted "dry" MALDI preparation procedure. The solvent-free method expands the range of peptides that can be effectively analyzed by MALDI-MS to those that are hydrophobic and solubility-limited.     

A study on the effect of process parameters in stirred ball mill

An experimental study on the fine grinding of calcite powder (d₅₀ = 62.16 μm) using a 0.75 l laboratory stirred ball mill has been carried out. The effects of various operating factors, such as grinding time (min), stirrer speed (rpm), slurry density (wt.%) and ball filling ratio on fine grinding was studied under batch wet conditions using alumina balls, 95% purity with diameters 3.5–4.0 mm. A series of laboratory experiments using 2⁴ full factorial designs was conducted to determine the optimum grinding parameters. The test results showed that the stirrer speed and grinding time have strong effects on the grinding efficiency, based on the value of specific surface area (m²/g).     

湿法纺聚丙烯腈原丝凝固过程的研究

为了研究丙烯腈湿法纺丝中,温度、浓度和负牵伸等凝固条件对原丝结构和性能的影响,借助扫描电镜,电子探针、元素分析仪等对初生原丝结构和性能进行了探索,结果发现：在一定范围内提高凝固浴浓度、适当降低凝固负牵伸、升高凝固浴温度,有利于获得圆形截面的纤维;升高凝固浴温度,增加凝固牵伸有利于纤维结晶度的增加。     

Modeling of nonylphenol degradation by photo-nanocatalytic process via multivariate approach

Modeling of photocatalytic degradation of nonylphenol (NP), an endocrine disrupter and toxic compound, has been investigated in synthetic aqueous solutions containing ZnO nanoparticles as semiconductor using multivariate approach. In this regard, a full factorial experimental design was performed in order to study the main variables affecting the degradation process as well as their most significant interactions. Initial NP concentrations ([NP](0)) of 0.454-9.08 μM, were treated with UV-vis/ZnO using different pH and nanocatalyst loading rates. Effect of experimental parameters on the NP degradation rate constant was established by the response surface plots. The degradation rate constant decreased with an increase in the initial concentration of NP, while it increased with ZnO loading until a concentration of 0.5 g L(-1). The rate constant increases with increase in pH up to 10, after which a significant decrease is observed. The results showed that most influential factors on NP degradation constant are the [NP](0), pH of reaction media, and ZnO loading rate, and the most significant interaction is [NP]-pH. Finally, two mathematical models have been proposed to estimate NP degradation rate constant (k) on the basis of the significant variables and interactions. Predicted results of models showed good agreement with the experimental data (R(2) = 0.83 and 0.93).     

Characterization and mechanical properties of polyacrylonitrile/silica composite fibers prepared via dry-jet wet spinning process

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/silica composite fibers were fabricated by dry-jet wet spinning process. PAN/silica composite fibers were characterized with SEM and FTIR. The former revealed that beads were formed and aggregated when silica content was more than 1 wt.%, while the latter confirmed the presence and increment of silica content. The tensile test was performed to obtain the mechanical properties of PAN/silica composite fibers, which showed an optimum Young's modulus at 5.94 GPa and tensile strength at 1.07 MPa at 1 wt.% silica. Therefore, the addition of silica particle at 1 wt.% has enhanced the mechanical properties of PAN/silica composite fibers.     

MTMD-耗能框架填充墙减震数值分析

在多功能围护墙减震结构体系中,围护墙作为一个质量调谐减震阻尼器（TMD）中的质量块,可以克服传统框架结构在动力荷载作用下不能持久耗能的缺点。为了研究新型围护墙减震结构的减震性能,使MTMD减震技术更好的应用于结构设计,结合MTMD体系的减震原理、参数优化设计方法,对MTMD-钢框架结构系统的减震装置参数进行分析;应用SAP2000数值分析软件对结构的振动特性进行计算;采用时程分析法分别对普通钢框架、MTMD减震钢框架的地震反应进行对比分析。计算结果表明：基于多功能围护墙减震结构体系的MTMD钢框架具有显著的减震效果。模态分析得出各阶振动周期相应增大2-3倍;从时程分析结果来看,能够有效地减小结构地震反应峰值,减震效果一般在5%-40%之间。为MTMD在结构抗震方面的设计提供理论依据     

A new approach on vibration analysis of locally nonlinear stiffness and damping system

The nonlinear force induced by spring and damping of 2-degree-of-freedom locally nonlinear vibrating system is regarded as applied force, and its mathematical model is established in this paper. Then impulse response temporal method of linear vibrating system is applied in the system, the response of locally nonlinear vibrating system is obtained by convolution integration between unit impulse response of corresponding linear system and equivalent nonlinear force, and numerical simulation of the model is attained. Finally, the feasibility of the new method on the domain of locally nonlinear vibrating system is verified by comparing the results, which supplies a new method to solve approximately vibration response of locally nonlinear vibrating systems.     

Significance of memory-dependent derivative approach for the analysis of thermoelastic damping in micromechanical resonators

Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials - Thermoelastic damping is becoming a leading factor for determining the quality of the micromechanical resonators in terms of their sensitivity. The present...     

Vibration and damping analysis of beams with composite coats

Numerical and experimental investigations of the dynamic behavior for coated laminate composite beams has been presented and discussed in the present work. A numerical technique is utilized to compute the eigen parameters of coated laminated composite beams. An attempt to study the variations in the natural frequencies and damping properties of laminated composite coated beams taking into account different lamina orientation of coat and various kinds of core isotropic material (steel and aluminium) is introduced. The variations of the eigen parameters vs. the code number of the coated layer with the use of various types of isotropic material are measured by utilizing (the frequency response displayed on) an (FFT) analyzer. The experimental and numerical work is carried out on four different fiber orientations, aligned longitudinally, transversely, making 45 ° with the fibers direction and randomly oriented. Comparison between experimental and numerical results shows a tight connection between them.     

Optimization of coagulation-flocculation process for pulp and paper mill effluent by response surface methodological analysis

Coagulation-flocculation is a proven technique for the treatment of high suspended solids wastewater. In this study, the central composite face-centered design (CCFD) and response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied to optimize two most important operating variables: coagulant dosage and pH, in the coagulation-flocculation process of pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment. The treated wastewater with high total suspended solids (TSS) removal, low SVI (sludge volume index) and high water recovery are the main objectives to be achieved through the coagulation-flocculation process. The effect of interactions between coagulant dosage and pH on the TSS removal and SVI are significant, whereas there is no interaction between coagulant dosage and water recovery. Quadratic models have been developed for the response variables, i.e. TSS removal, SVI and water recovery based on the high coefficient of determination (R(2)) value of >0.99 obtained from the analysis of variances (ANOVA). The optimum conditions for coagulant dosage and pH are 1045mgL(-1) and 6.75, respectively, where 99% of TSS removal, SVI of 37mLg(-1) and 82% of water recovery can be obtained.     

胶原蛋白与壳聚糖可吸收缝合线成型的有限元分析与精确纺丝工艺参数控制

为了解决胶原蛋白与壳聚糖材料的可吸收缝合线的湿法纺丝工艺中线径和强度不均匀的难题,进行了该种材料成型的数值仿真与纺丝成型机的控制系统设计.数值仿真采用Gambit与Fluent软件,对该混合液的射流喷嘴流场进行了有限元分析,从理论上论证了通过控制喷丝张力来调节缝合线线径的可行性;在此基础上,在JK1601型立管式湿法纺丝机上研制了缠绕张力和线径两个关键参数的闭环控制系统,缠绕张力控制采用归一化PID控制算法实现;线径控制采用线阵CCD非接触式在线测量与改进的自适应广义预测控制算法相结合来实现.实验表明:改进后JK1601型纺丝机制作的缝合线样品符合美国药典第35版的要求,直径和抗张强度的不均匀性分别由原来的25.4%、33.2%降低到5.0%以内.     

Stochastic analysis of small-scale beams with internal and external damping

Random flexural vibrations of small-scale Bernoulli–Euler beams with internal and external damping are investigated in the paper. Such a kind of problem occurs in design and optimization of structural components of smart miniaturized electromechanical systems. Internal damping is related to the viscoelastic stress–strain law describing the beam time-dependent behavior while the external damping represents the interaction between the structure and the surrounding viscous environment. In the proposed formulation, Boltzmann superposition integral and fractional-order viscoelasticity are exploited to capture the above mentioned non-conventional phenomena. Size effects caused by long range interactions arising at small-scale are also taken into account and modeled by means of an integral nonlocal formulation based on the stress-driven approach. Moreover, in order to reproduce stochastic vibrations of small-size devices, such as resonators and sensors, the external loading are modeled by taking into account their random nature. The relevant dynamic problem is thus described by a fractional-order stochastic partial differential equation in space and time equipped with standard and non-classical boundary conditions. A proper differential eigenanalysis for the nonlocal viscoelastic bending problem is performed to find the modal shapes and closed-form expressions of power spectral density and stationary variance of displacements are provided. The proposed methodology, accounting for size-effects, hereditariness behaviors, viscous properties of surrounding environment and randomness of external loadings, is suitable to model and capture the effective behavior of miniaturized devices. The presented theoretical findings and numerical outcomes show the influence of size-effects and viscoelastic parameters on the structural response.     

变厚度轮辐强力旋压成形过程的分析

利用ABAQUS/Explicit模拟了变厚度轮辐双道次强力旋压过程,给出了建模和分析结果.轮辐旋压成形伴随板坯的剧烈减薄,收口区域较难成形,减薄率达50%,在计算中,轮辐有限元网格畸变严重,为此运用ALE技术改善网格质量,提高了计算精度.对模拟的旋压轮辐厚度与实验测量值进行了对比,二者吻合较好,验证了计算模型和结果的可靠性.通过ABAQUS/Standard计算了轮辐旋压成形后的回弹变形量和残余应力,分析成形后轮辐等效应变分布及回弹特征,研究发现,回弹变形量与旋压成形时壁厚变化量成正比.     

高耸结构TMD接触非线性阻尼振动控制研究

调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）能有效的控制高层建筑结构的风致振动,而TMD子结构往往会产生过大的冲程,且由于荷载不确定性决定其冲程也是不可准确确定的,故必须要进行限位设计。鉴于此,提出了大阻尼TMD系统、开关阻尼限位控制和离位阻尼限位控制三种不同的限位策略,拟对TMD的限位控制进行研究。以广州新中轴线电视塔结构为分析模型,结合TMD系统在运动过程中的8个工作状态,给出了在考虑开关阻尼限位控制和离位阻尼限位控制两种限位控制策略下系统的运动方程,考虑风荷载激励,进行了数值仿真。数值分析的结果表明：不同限位间距时,两种限位工况对系统位移、加速度响应的峰值和均方值控制效果规律不尽相同;对于开关限位控制,当限位距离为TMD最优行程的36%时,在损失约4%的控制效果的前提下,TMD行程的限制效果约为45%;当TMD行程相同时,与大阻尼TMD系统相比,其控制效果要高出8%;离位限位控制对结构加速度峰值有更好的控制效果。恰当的选择限位距离和限位阻尼系数,既能显著地降低风致振动下结构的舒适度,又能有效调节TMD的振动控制效果和减小TMD的行程。     

附加约束阻尼层的复合材料梁单元建模分析

复合材料空心圆截面梁是桁架和刚架结构中大量采用的常用构件，而实践证明约束阻尼层能有效改善复合材料空心圆截面梁的动力学特性，但传统的约束阻尼层结构有限元计算方法需要大量的单元，这给大型复杂结构的计算带来了巨大的困难。本文采用Timoshenko梁假定。建立了一类附加约束阻尼层复合材料空心圆截面梁弯曲的数学模型。应用Hamilton原理。采用三节点高次梁单元对构件进行离散化。建立了附加约束阻尼层复合材料空心圆截面梁的梁单元。同传统的锥壳单元相比，该方法极大地减少了计算时间。用实验验证了本文计算结果的正确性。同时也分析了约束层厚度对损耗因子的影响。     

Dynamic analysis and damping of composite structures embedded with viscoelastic layers

In recent years, it has been found that composites co-cured with viscoelastic materials can enhance the damping capacity of a composite structural system with little reduction in stiffness and strength. Because of the anisotropy of the constraining layers, the damping mechanism of co-cured composites is quite different from that of conventional structures with metal constraining layers. This paper presents an analysis of the dynamic properties of multiple damping layer, laminated composite beams with anisotropic stiffness layers, by means of the finite element-based modal strain energy method. ANSYS 4.4A finite element software has been used for this study. The variation of resonance frequencies and modal loss factors of various beam samples with temperature is studied. Some of these results are compared with the closed-form theoretical results of an earlier published work. For obtaining optimium dynamic properties, the effects of different parameters, such as layer orientation angle and compliant layering, are studied. Also, the effect of using a combination of different damping materials in the system for obtaining stable damping properties over a wide temperature range is studied.     

基于Layerwise理论的共固化粘弹阻尼复合材料动特性分析

共固化粘弹性复合材料兼具结构承载和阻尼减振功能。针对传统的混合单元法在应用于粘弹性夹层复合材料结构阻尼性能分析时存在着前处理困难、计算规模大、精度低以及难以考虑正交各向异性铺层自身损耗能力的缺点,推导了一种基于Layerwise离散层理论的四节点四边形复合材料层合板单元,并利用直接复特征值解法建立了共固化粘弹性复合材料结构的阻尼性能分析方法。将该方法应用于不同的阻尼结构,分析结果与文献中已公开结果和混合单元法的计算结果进行了对比验证。结果表明,基于离散层理论的层合板单元具有计算精度高、前处理建模简单和计算规模小的优点,可有效应用于复杂共固化粘弹性复合材料结构的阻尼性能分析和设计。