柴油机有害排放物控制技术的新发展

回顾了近几年来柴油机有害排放控制技术的发展状况，认为要满足未来越来越严格的排放法规，要采取全面的，系统的措施，即通过采取以改进柴油机设计的机内净化措施、燃料的改质和排气净化后处理相结合的综合措施，此外，还对柴油机有害排放控制技术今后的发展进行了预测。     

车用柴油机达欧Ⅲ排放的探讨

简要介绍柴油机达到达欧Ⅲ排放所需要的技术手段,并针对直喷式柴油机重点加以讨论,提出现代柴油机有害排放物的控制是一个综合的、系统的工程,以改进机内净化为核心,辅以后处理技术,可大大降低柴油机的有害排放物。     

车用柴油机达欧Ⅲ排放的探讨

简要介绍柴油机达到达欧Ⅲ排放所需要的技术手段,并针对直喷式柴油机重点加以讨论,提出现代柴油机有害排放物的控制是一个综合的、系统的工程,以改进机内净化为核心,辅以后处理技术,可大大降低柴油机的有害排放物.     

降低柴油机NOX排放的机外措施

NOx是柴油机排气中的主要有害排放物，机外措施是控制柴油机NOx排放的有效措施，是柴油机排放控制的关键技术之一。本文介绍的降低柴油机NOx排放的机外措施有：稀NOx技术，等离子体技术，NOx的吸附一催化技术，选择性催化还原技术。     

对船用大功率柴油机排放控制技术的思考

阐述了柴油机控制排放的一般方法,介绍了ABB、Sulzer、Pielstick、Wartsila公司在大功率船用柴油机降低排放,特别是在控制NOx排放方面所做的工作.分析了船用大功率柴油机的特点和有害气体排放的控制要求,对我国船用大功率柴油机有害气体排放控制技术的研究提出了建议.     

降低柴油机NO_x排放的分析与讨论

本文对柴油机有害排放物ＮＯｘ产生的机理进行了探讨，并总结工作中降低柴油机有害排放的经验方法，结合ＮＯｘ产生的机理，从理论角度阐述了这些方法对降低ＮＯｘ的所起的作用。 本文的重点放在对传统燃烧系统的研究上，力求在不大幅增加投资成本，柴油机不作大的改动的基础上，通过对燃烧系统最佳合理的匹配，来达到降低 ＮＯｘ排放的目的。     

柴油喷射系统的发展现状及潜力（上）

车用柴油机现在正面临降低有害排放和优化燃油经济性的重大挑战。对于柴油机技术来说 ,喷油系统技术的发展已成为柴油机达到排放指标的决定性因素。喷射压力已从 5 0MPa逐步增加到了 2 0 0MPa ,高控制柔性的喷油系统必须能够进行多次喷射和喷油规律控制。喷油系统本身具有高的效率是非常重要的。为了喷油系统的进一步发展 ,新技术如变喷孔面积的喷油嘴技术和新的执行器技术等等是关键的因素。用柔性控制的喷油系统 ,就有可能获得最佳的排放组合和燃油经济性的折中     

柴油喷射系统的发展现状及潜力（下）

车用柴油机现在正面临降低有害排放和优化燃油经济性的重大挑战。对于柴油机技术来说 ,喷油系统技术的发展已成为柴油机达到排放指标的决定性因素。喷射压力已从 5 0MPa逐步增加到了 2 0 0MPa ,高控制柔性的喷油系统必须能够进行多次喷射和喷油规律控制。喷油系统本身具有高的效率是非常重要的。为了喷油系统的进一步发展 ,新技术如变喷孔面积的喷油嘴技术和新的执行器技术等等是关键的因素。用柔性控制的喷油系统 ,就有可能获得最佳的排放组合和燃油经济性的折中。     

满足欧Ⅱ排放法规CZ480Q柴油机技术对策

通过对CZ480Q型直喷式柴油机燃烧过程和排放特性的试验研究,系统地分析了燃烧室形状、喷油系统参数、后处理措施对柴油机燃烧过程和有害排放物的影响,探讨小缸径直喷式柴油机满足欧Ⅱ排放法规的技术对策;最终试验结果表明,改进措施改善了柴油机的燃烧过程,降低了柴油机有害排放物,排放指标均低于欧Ⅱ排放限值。     

低温等离子体降低柴油机排放的研究进展

简要介绍了当前柴油机排气后处理所采用的DPF和SCR技术,并指出了其应用难点。详细分析了两种低温等离子体技术各自的技术特点,阐述了D/I NTP技术在降低柴油机有害排放方面最新的研究进展及发展趋势,指出对D/I NTP系统分解柴油机排气中PM、再生DPF的微观机理进行分析将成为今后研究的重点。     

Active fuel design—A way to manage the right fuel for HCCI engines

Homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines feature high thermal efficiency and ultralow emissions compared to gasoline engines. However, unlike SI engines, HCCI combustion does not have a direct way to trigger the in-cylinder combustion. Therefore, gasoline HCCI combustion is facing challenges in the control of ignition and, combustion, and operational range extension. In this paper, an active fuel design concept was proposed to explore a potential pathway to optimize the HCCI engine combustion and broaden its operational range. The active fuel design concept was realized by real time control of dual-fuel (gasoline and n-heptane) port injection, with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate and intake temperature adjusted. It was found that the cylinderto- cylinder variation in HCCI combustion could be effectively reduced by the optimization in fuel injection proportion, and that the rapid transition process from SI to HCCI could be realized. The active fuel design technology could significantly increase the adaptability of HCCI combustion to increased EGR rate and reduced intake temperature. Active fuel design was shown to broaden the operational HCCI load to 9.3 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). HCCI operation was used by up to 70% of the SI mode load while reducing fuel consumption and nitrogen oxides emissions. Therefore, the active fuel design technology could manage the right fuel for clean engine combustion, and provide a potential pathway for engine fuel diversification and future engine concept.     

新型常温空气无焰燃烧实现技术及特性分析

在介绍了无焰燃烧思想及其常规蓄热式高温空气实现技术的基础上,重点介绍了本课题组发展的常温空气无焰燃烧技术,并对其进行了效率、环保、经济性、安全性和应用范围等特性分析,该技术不但完全保留了高温空气无焰燃烧技术相对于传统燃烧的优点,并且不需要复杂的预热系统和换向机构,避免了燃烧过程的脉动,适用于低排烟温度或含灰量较大排烟的燃料的直接燃烧,具有一定的技术优势和更广泛的应用范围。     

船舶柴油机燃烧技术研究

浅析了船舶柴油机燃烧技术研究的背景和现状,重点介绍了新燃烧概念、废气再循环、高压燃油喷射、进气增压与可变配气、替代燃料、智能燃烧控制等技术的研究进展。通过对相关研究工作的分析和总结,凝练出了船舶柴油机燃烧技术领域的基础和热点科学问题。     

Review and recent developments of laser ignition for internal combustion engines applications

Performance of future ignition system for internal combustion engines should be reliable and efficient to enhance and sustain combustion stability, since ignition not only initiates combustion but also influences subsequent combustion. Lean burn systems have been regarded as an advanced combustion approach that could improve thermal efficiency while reducing exhaust gas emissions. However, current engines cannot be operated sufficiently lean due to ignition related problems such as the sluggish flame initiation and propagation along with potential misfiring. A high exhaust gas recirculation engines also has similar potential for emissions improvement, but could also experience similar ignition problems, particularly at idle operation. Similarly, ignition is an important design factor in gas turbine and rocket combustor.Recently, non-conventional ignition techniques such as laser-induced ignition methods have become an attractive field of research in order to replace the conventional spark ignition systems. The fundamentals of conventional laser-induced spark ignition have been previously reviewed. Therefore, the objective of this article is to review progress on the use of such innovative techniques of laser-induced ignition including laser-induced cavity ignition and laser-induced multi-point ignition. In addition, emphasis is given to recent work to explore the feasibility of this interesting technology for practical applications concerning internal combustion engines.     

加热炉富氧燃烧技术经济性分析

从燃料利用率和燃料节约率入手,对加热炉富氧燃烧技术的经济性进行分析,得出了不同排烟温度下,以燃料价格与氧气价格比为参数的盈亏平衡曲线,对富氧燃烧加热炉的节能、成本控制具有指导意义。     

基于电控燃油喷射技术的柴油机全气缸取样系统的设计与开发

在CY6102BZLQ直喷柴油机上,开发了一套基于电控技术的全气缸取样系统．介绍了该系统各组成部分的结构和工作原理．系统通过电控技术,在取样过程中实验缸只进行1-2次喷油,取样机构和稀释系统迅速打开燃烧室空间并淬灭化学反应,气门停开机构适时关闭进、排气门．系统可实现模拟EGR、增压中冷、电控高压共轨燃油喷射等先进柴油机技术,是研究现代柴油机燃烧过程及污染物生成、演化历程的重要工具．     

液压配气技术对提高内燃机动力性能的研究

凸轮打开与关闭气门,是一个渐开过程,内燃机受到气门开启速度的制约,不能高效换气。通过专利技术发明的液压配气技术来驱动气门,就不受凸轮形状的限制,气门的开启曲线从正弦波变为矩形波,使内燃机的充气系数得到极大提高。该技术结构简单,可靠性好,克服了一般电磁-液压机构反应速度迟缓的缺陷。通过电子控制技术,对该机构的液压阀套的角度微调,就能达到可变气门正时(VVT)。如使制动杆与阀套转角连动,还可达到利用发动机主动制动的功能。     

内燃机车司机室吸附式空调器的实验与性能分析

机车司机室吸附式空调器是一种以内燃机排气的余热驱动的空调系统。该系统利用固体吸附式制冷原理，分子筛—水作为工质对，采用单吸附器结构，通过蓄冷器实现向内燃机车司机室连续、稳定地供冷。该文阐述了该空调器的实验方法，并对实验结果及性能影响因素进行了分析。实验表明：机车司机室吸附式空调器是一种实用、可行的新型空调系统。实验结果对原型样机及其运行控制方法的设计有重要的参考价值。     

Fuel design and management for the control of advanced compression-ignition combustion modes

Due to concerns regarding the greenhouse effect and limitations on carbon dioxide emissions, the possibility of a next-generation combustion mode for internal combustion engines that can simultaneously reduce exhaust emissions and substantially improve thermal efficiency has drawn increasing attention. The most prominent characteristic of new combustion modes, such as Homogenous-Charge Compression-Ignition (HCCI), Stratified-Charge Compression-Ignition (SCCI), and Low-Temperature Combustion (LTC), is the requirement of creating a homogenous mixture or controllable stratified mixture prior to ignition. To this end, a lean fuel/air mixture and/or a controllable high level of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) are employed to prolong the timescale of the ignition chemistry and port fuel injection or early in-cylinder injection is used to lengthen the mixing period. The mixture then undergoes controlled self-ignition near the top dead center (TDC) position due to the compression effect of the piston’s upward movement. It is worth noting that the entire combustion process lacks a direct method for the control of ignition timing and combustion rate, which are instead controlled primarily by chemical kinetics and, to a lesser extent, by turbulence and mixing. Because of the significant impacts of fuel physical–chemical properties on the ignition and combustion process, fuel design and management has become the most common approach for the control of ignition timing and combustion rate in such advanced combustion modes.This paper summarizes the concepts and methods of fuel design and management and provides an overview of the effects of these strategies on ignition, combustion, and emissions for HCCI, LTC, and SCCI engines, respectively. From part 2 to part 4, the paper focuses on the effect of fuel design on HCCI combustion. A fuel index suitable for describing ignition characteristic under HCCI operating conditions is first introduced. Next, the proposed fuel design concept is described, including principles and main methodologies. Strategies based on the fuel design concept (including fuel additives, fuel blending, and dual-fuel technology) are discussed for primary reference fuels (PRF), alternative fuels, and practical gasoline and diesel fuels. Additionally, the effects of real-time fuel design on HCCI combustion fueled with PRFs and dimethyl ether/liquefied petroleum gas (DME–LPG) are evaluated. Diesel HCCI combustion has suffered from difficulties in homogenous mixture formation and an excessively high combustion rate. Therefore, LTC, which concentrates on local combustion temperature and a balance of mixture formation timescale and ignition timescale, has been proposed by many researchers. In Part 5, this paper provides an overview of the major points and research progress of LTC, with a preliminary discussion of the fundamental importance of fuel properties and fuel design strategy on the LTC process and emissions. Due to the stratification strategy has the capable of extending the HCCI operation range to higher loads, SCCI combustion, which incorporates HCCI combustion into a traditional combustion mode, has the potential to be used in commercial engines. Thus, this paper discusses the principles and control strategies of fuel design and management and also summarizes recent progress and future trends. The effect of fuel design and management on SCCI combustion is assessed for high cetane number fuels and high octane number fuels as well as the in SCCI combustion of gasoline–diesel dual-fuel and blends.     

基于Simulink在不同排气背压下VGT增压系统控制策略

为了改善柴油机在高背压环境条件下进排气流速降低、涡前排温、缸内最高燃烧压力和油耗升高等问题,采用Simulink软件,基于柴油机数学模型建立某型号柴油机零维仿真模型和可变截面涡轮(variable geometry turbine,VGT)增压系统仿真模型,并根据试验结果对模型进行校核.利用所建立的仿真模型模拟在不同排...