多室气升式环流反应器的气含率研究

在四流道的多室气升式环流反应器中 ,常温常压下 ,以空气作为气相 ,以水、0 .5 %、1%、5 %NaCl及 0 .5 %、1%、5 %Na2 SO4 作为电解质 ,考察上升区气含率与操作气速及电解质密度的变化规律。并用回归分析的方法 ,建立了上升区气含率与电解质密度的半经验关联式 ,用该式得到的上升区气含率的计算值和实验值的平均相对偏差为 2 .5 8%。     

旋流气升式环流反应器的气含率轴向分布

为强化环隙气升式环流反应器(AALR)的流动、混合与传质性能, 提出了旋流气升式环流反应器(HALR)。在8.8L的HALR中, 以空气-水和空气-水-K树脂为实验物系, 在表观气速为0.47～2.31cm/s的范围内, 研究了表观气速、导流筒底边与反应器底面的间隙(简称底部间隙)、上升区轴向高度及固体装载量等因素对气含率的影响规律, 并与 AALR 进行了对比。结果表明:对于空气-水组成的两相物系来说, 在表观气速较小时, 旋流片对上升气泡有聚并作用;在表观气速较大时, 旋流片对气泡主要起破碎作用;气含率随着轴向高度的增加而增加, 增加的幅度随表观气速的增加而增加。对于三相物系, 表观气速较大时, 气含率随着固体装载量的增大而增大, 比两相物系气含率高;表观气速较小时, 两相物系的气含率略高于三相物系的。根据实验结果, 提出并拟合出了上升区局部气含率与轴向高度的预测模型:ε_g=(3.00×10^-4h+0.0276)U_g^0.615, 模型的预测值与实验值吻合较好, 平均相对误差为12%。     

气升式三相内环流反应器中相含率的研究

在一个6．36L的气升式内环流反应器中,以空气-NaCl水溶液-K树脂为实验体系,在导流筒内的表观气速为1．21～7．28cm·s^-1时,考察了平均气含率、平均固含率随表观气速的变化规律,研究了转向面积比、NaCl水溶液浓度与平均气含率之间的关系。在均匀鼓泡流区域用模型方程Eg=aUgb来关联平均气含率,其中模型参数6=0．766,a与转向面积比、NaCl水溶液浓度关系为a=3．45×10^-5＋0．0146（Sb／Sr）0．0185＋1．35W。     

旋流气升式环流反应器的局部气、固含率研究

新开发的有机玻璃制成的旋流气升式环流反应器高为2m、内径75mm,内部的导流筒(材料为PVC)高1.5m、内径30mm、壁厚1mm且装有10组扇形翅片。以空气-水为两相物系、空气-水-K树脂为三相物系,常温常压下,利用直接取样法和压差法测量了上升区局部的气含率、固含率,研究了不同底部间隙、不同固体装填体积分数下表观气速和轴向高度对上升区气含率、固含率的影响规律。结果表明:在均匀鼓泡流时上升区气含率随着表观气速的增大而增大,随着固体装载量的增加而下降;在非均匀鼓泡流时,三相物系的气含率高于两相物系的气含率。随着上升区轴向高度的增大,上升区局部气含率变化不大;底部间隙越大,气含率越小。在轴向高度较低时上升区固含率随着轴向高度的增大而减小,轴向高度较高时上升区固含率基本保持不变。     

三相多室气升式环流反应器气含率的研究

在1个4流道的三相多室气升式环流反应器中,以空气-水-K树脂为体系,采用压差法测量气含率,考察了上升室气体表观速率、固体装载量对上升室与下降室气含率的影响.结果表明:上升室的气含率随着该室气体表观速率增加而增加,而随着另一上升室气体表观速率增加而略有降低;下降室的气含率随着该室气体表观速率增加呈现3种变化趋势,而随着另...     

气升式内环流反应器内局部气含率径向分布

The local gas holdup profiles in an internal-loop airlift reactor were studied experimentally by using dual electrical conductivity probe under different conditions,including superficial velocity,surface tension and liquid viscosity.The results showed that the radial gas holdup profile has a parabolic shape,which was consistent with the empirical model of Luo.Local gas holdup distribution parameters were obviously influenced by flow regime and almost remained unchanged in the same flow regime.In the gas distributor region,the profiles were steeper in the homogenous flow regime than in the heterogeneous flow regime.However,in the stable region,there was an inverse change trend in two flow regimes.The increase of surface tension,superficial velocity and liquid viscosity made the profile of local gas holdup steeper in two flow regimes.     

三相多室气升式环流反应器中上升室气含率研究

在一个4流道的多室气升式环流反应器中,以空气-水-K树脂为体系,考察了上升室气体表观速率和固体装载量对上升室气含率的影响。结果表明:上升室的气含率随着该室气体表观速率增加而增加,而随着另一上升室气体表观速率增加而略有降低;上升室的气含率均随固体装载量增加而降低。在鼓泡流下,根据漂流通量模型,建立了上升室的气含率模型;上升室气含率的模型计算值和试验值的平均相对误差为6.429%。     

多管环流反应器的气含率研究

提出了一种新型结构的多管式环流反应器,对于空气－水体系,在每个上升管气速为０～０．１６ｍ／ｓ和管径比Ｄｄ／Ｄｒ＝０．３～１．０范围内,研究了两个上升管气速及不同管径比时上升管气含率的变化规律,同时研究了分离箱中静液高及分离箱结构参数与下降管气含率之间的关系。提出了在鼓泡流区域内上升管气含率模型方程：Ｅ１＝αＵｂｇ１－ｃＵｇ３     

下喷式环流反应器气含率研究

本文从奈维—斯托克斯运动方程出发,结合体系特性及反应器内流体流动状况,建立了计算下喷式环流反应器气含率的模型方程式,并依实验结果确立了模型参数.该模型方程式适用于牛顿型与非牛顿型流体体系.     

多相气升式环流反应器局部相含率和环流速度

气升式环流反应器流动特性研究大多都局限于流动参数的平均特性研究,涉及气-液-固系统流动特性的研究也较少。在200×2500mm气升式环流反应器内,实验研究了空气-水两相及空气-水-玻璃珠三相体系中局部气、固相含率以及浆(液)相环流特性等随操作条件以及液、固相物性的变化规律。结果表明:1两相体系导流筒中截面平均气含率轴向分布有局部极大值,而固体和乙醇的加入使得气含率轴向分布平缓;2两相体系循环液速在导流筒中呈径向抛物分布,在环隙分布较均匀,加入固体和乙醇后对循环速度分布和大小影响不大;3三相体系中导流筒内固含率沿轴向升高呈增大趋势,环隙内轴向分布均匀;导流筒内、外固含率径向分布均不均匀,以近壁处为大;加入乙醇后对固含率分布影响不大。     

Scale influence on the hydrodynamics of an internal loop airlift reactor

The overall circulation velocity, the overall riser and downcomer gas hold-ups and the effect of reactor scale on a two-phase circulation regimes were studied in this work in three airlift reactors of different scale. The measurements were carried out in airlift reactor with internal loops (IALRs) with a working volume of 10.5, 32 and 200 l at the range of temperatures 18–21 °C, under atmospheric pressure. Air and water were used as gas and liquid media. The three reactors were of similar geometry, the ratio between riser and downcomer cross-sectional areas, the aspect ratio of the column and the shape of the column bottom were taken as similarity criteria. In order to determine the linear circulation velocities, the magnetic tracer method was used. The riser and the downcomer were studied separately. Based on gas hold-up in both the riser and the downcomer, two regimes (homogeneous bubble (HMG) and heterogeneous churn-turbulent (HTG)) of the two-phase flow were observed. These were defined by Daniels [Chem. Eng. 70 (1995)] and described using the correlation proposed by Chisti [Airlift Bioreactors, Elsevier, London, 1989]. The average of the liquid circulation velocities increased with increasing reactor scale for the same superficial gas velocity. The overall circulation velocity was modelled on the basis of the momentum balance proposed in paper [Chem. Eng. Sci. 52 (1997) 25]. The parameters of both the correlation and the model tend to be constant for larger reactor scales. The value of the driving force (_R−_D) was found to be important only for lower values of gas flow rate, because at higher values, the circulation velocity seemed to be governed only by friction in the reactor vessel.     

Liquid circulation hydrodynamics in an external loop airlift reactor

The radial profiles of axial liquid velocity and gas hold‐ups are investigated in the riser of a pilot plant scale external loop airlift reactor (ELAR) using a modified Pavlov tube and differential pressure technique. The experimental investigation reveals that there exist two different kinds of liquid circulation structures in an ELAR, which has rarely been reported in the literature, namely internal liquid circulation, which exists only in the riser and external liquid circulation, which circulates through the downcomer. A power–law relationship is used to correlate the gas hold‐up and superficial gas velocity, which gives good agreement with experimental data. Experiments for axial liquid velocity profiles are analysed in analogy to a model described for a conventional bubble column. The results predicted by the model are in excellent agreement with the experimental data obtained under various operating conditions. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

超声波气升式内循环反应器流体力学性能研究

研究了超声波对气升式内循环反应器流体力学性能的促进作用,重点考察比较了有无超声波时气升式反应器性能及超声功率对反应器气含率、液体循环速度、混合时间等的影响。实验证明,超声波的加入对气含率未见影响,有使液体循环速度逐渐减小的趋势,而对混合时间的影响较复杂。在小气速下,小功率超声波促进流体的径向混合,随着超声功率的增加,超声振动阻碍流体的径向混合,因而存在一个最佳的超声功率,并且超声波对混合时间的影响随着表观气速的增加而逐渐减小。提出了该反应器流体力学关联式。     

气-固环流反应器内瞬态流体力学特性的数值模拟

采用双流体模型和颗粒动力学理论,并考虑颗粒团聚现象对气固相间曳力的影响,对气-固环流反应器内的流体力学特性进行了数值模拟。模拟的时均固含率和颗粒速度与实验数据具有较好一致性,验证了模拟方法的可靠性。模拟结果表明：气-固环流反应器内瞬态固含率的分布具有典型聚式流态化的非均匀特征;压力脉动沿床层轴向的分布在一定程度上定性反映了气泡运动的信息;颗粒速度的时间序列和概率密度分布函数表明,床层各径向位置均存在颗粒的向上、向下运动,颗粒主体在床层内向上运动的同时还存在微观的内循环运动,模拟值为颗粒时均速度的径向非均一性宏观分布提供了合理的微观解释。     

环隙气升式气固环流反应器内流体力学特性的理论分析

环流反应器的研究与应用一直局限于气液与气液固体系,将环流反应器移植到气固体系是一个具有独创性的探索。针对工业化中气固环流反应器的缺陷,提出了一种新型的环隙气升式气固环流反应器。并对床层空隙率、颗粒流动速度进行了实验研究与理论分析。建立了环隙区床层空隙率模型,发现环隙区床层空隙率随着环隙区表观气速的增加而增加;环隙区靠近导流筒外壁一侧颗粒流动速度明显大于靠近反应器内壁一侧,导流筒区颗粒流动速度沿径向的分布受气体分布器结构影响较大;环隙区颗粒流动速度基本不随轴向位置的变化而变化,导流筒区颗粒的流动属于密相输送,颗粒环流所受到的阻力主要集中在底部区域,其次为气固分离区,底部区域阻力大小由床层流化质量和导流筒下端距反应器底部的间隙所决定;建立了颗粒环流速度模型,发现环流速度随环隙区表观气速的增加而增加。     

Local and global hydrodynamics in a two-phase internal loop airlift

Two-phase hydrodynamic regimes establishing in a lab-scale internal circulation airlift operated at low superficial gas velocity have been investigated. The airlift was operated with air and bidistilled water at room temperature. The gas-liquid (G-L) behaviour was investigated by visual inspection of the system and by analysis of the time series of the pressure along the loop and of the thermal power exchanged between the G-L suspension and a hot film probe. Local and overall dynamical features have been investigated by analysing the time-resolved signals by means of advanced mathematical tools (Kolmogorov entropy, coherence, Hurst exponent).     

Solid effects on hydrodynamics and heat transfer in an external loop airlift reactor

The effect of a solid presence on global hydrodynamic parameters and heat transfer in an external loop airlift reactor has been experimentally investigated. Results obtained in both two- and three-phase flow are presented in this study. Two different external loop airlift reactor sizes have been used and local hydrodynamic characteristics including local gas hold-up and bubble velocity have been obtained in two-phase flow. Optical and ultrasound probes have been used to obtain this information, respectively. It was found that an increase of solid hold-up leads to a decrease of liquid velocity and heat transfer coefficient. Measured in a two- and three-phase reactor using a horizontal-heating probe, a correlation of the average gas hold-up and heat transfer coefficient is proposed. Correlation parameters are identified in homogeneous and heterogeneous flow regimes, which have been derived from the gas slip velocity concept. The experimental liquid velocity and gas hold-up in the riser have been represented in a satisfactory way by a hydrodynamic model, either in the absence or in the presence of solid particles.     

CFD simulation of hydrodynamics and mass transfer in an internal airlift loop reactor using a steady two-fluid model

Steady state simulation of the hydrodynamics and mass transfer in bubbly flow in an axisymmetric internal airlift loop reactor (IALR) with the special treatment of interphase decoupling and outlet boundary conditions is performed, which is based on a Favre averaging two-fluid model for multiphase flow. Different models of mass transfer coefficient are compared and validated with the literature data. A model for describing the mass transfer for a wide range of superficial gas velocity is chosen and the predicted mass transfer coefficient agrees well with the experimental data in the literature. The numerical procedure can be used as a tool for the design and scale-up of IALRs.     

带辐照改性聚丙烯填料的气升式内环流反应器处理废水的研究

应用高能射线辐照技术,在聚丙烯填料表面接枝丙烯酸单体进行改性。将此改性填料应用于气升式内环流反应器中,并对模拟生活废水进行间歇法和连续法处理。实验结果表明,该反应器运行稳定,适应浓度范围广,COD去除率较高,出水COD浓度波动小。     

新型多级环流反应器流体力学研究

在传统的单级内环流反应器的基础上,对导流筒进行了改进,发展了一种新型多级环流反应器。研究了表观气速、开孔率、反应器底部结构等操作参数对整体平均气含率、局部气含率以及各级环流液速等流体力学行为的影响,从而确定了反应器的最佳结构。文中提出的新型多级环流反应器在石油化工、生物化工和环境工程等多个领域有广泛的应用前景。