有限深两层流体中水波与水平圆柱潜体的相互作用

研究了有限深两层流体中表面波模态和内波模态的水波与水平圆柱潜体的相互作用问题。在线性势流理论框架内,建立了两种模态入射波作用下,水平圆柱体绕射势的多极展开求解理论。基于所建立的求解模型,对作用在圆柱体上的波浪力进行了数值计算分析,并且与均匀流中情况进行了比较。结果表明了,在入射波的某个频率范围内,流体的分层效应对圆柱体波浪力的影响是不可忽略的。同时,对流域内的绕射速度矢量场进行了数值分析。     

周期性内波与潜体相互作用的试验研究

对密度分层流体中周期性内波与水下Suboff潜艇模型的相互作用进行了试验研究.采用摇板方法进行了内波造波试验,对内波的波高和周期进行了测量分析,获得了内波波高与周期之间的对应关系;利用三分力天平对潜体模型在内波作用下的受力进行了测量分析,获得了潜体的内波波浪力随潜深以及周期性内波作用的变化规律.试验结果表明:内波波高、周期对潜体所受的波浪力有显著影响:潜体受到的内波波浪力与潜体在内波流场的相对位置密切相关,其水平力、垂直力和垂向力矩在不同的潜深处呈现不同的特点.     

分层流体中尾流混合效应数值模拟

根据扰动源的不同,内波可分为体效应内波和尾流效应内波。体效应内波研究方面,有较为成熟的理论,尾流效应内波方面,因尾流中伴随有涡旋、湍流、剪切流以及各类不稳定性的随机现象,使得内波产生机制尚没有一致的结论。运动物体产生的尾流先后经历混合、塌陷以及振荡激发生成内波,该文针对尾流效应内波激发生成前的尾流混合过程,建立了Les-Mixture数值模型,对尾流混合进行分析并获得混合垂向区域随内弗劳德数变化的规律。     

有限深分层流体中运动物体尾流生成内波的一种移动脉动源方法

分层流体中运动物体激发的内波可分为两类,一类是体效应内波,另一类是尾流内波。对于体效应内波,理论研究趋于成熟;而对于尾流内波,主要以实验研究为主,理论分析相对欠缺。该文采用一种移动脉动源来模拟分层流体中运动物体的尾流效应,结合内波本征值问题及Fourier变换等方法,得到了计算有限深分层流体中移动脉动源生成内波垂向位移场的表达式。此法适用于有限深度中的任意分层流体。利用该理论模型,对Robey实验条件下的密度分层流体进行了数值模拟。重点从波系和波形分析文中解释了实验中存在的两个现象:即物体高速运动时横波系的存在和散波系的分离。针对运动波形,进行了数值和实验结果比较,表明了所建模型的合理性与有效性。     

喷水推进器数值模拟所需流场控制体的研究

首先,采用CFD方法对喷水推进器进行性能预报与分析,通过数值计算结果与厂商提供数据的对比,表明所用方法和建立的数值模型是可信的.然后,主要研究流场控制体大小对喷水推进器性能预报的影响,即分别从深度、宽度和长度三个维度对喷水推进器CFD模拟所需流场控制体进行调整,对比分析对计算结果的影响.通过分析流量、功率和推力等外特性指标与内部流场速度等物理量的分布,最终确定喷水推进器性能数值预报所需流场控制体的大小.     

潜体在两层海内波中的波浪力计算

本文以近似潜艇的细长回转体为模型，在两层海模式中三种不同潜深下，利用边界元法计算了内波对潜体的一阶垂荡波浪力和一阶纵摇波浪力矩，作为特例计算了近水面潜体的波浪力及力矩，并与实验结果进行了比较，两者吻合较好。     

三体船在斜浪规则波中运动响应预报方法研究

对于三体船在波浪中的水动力预报,航速效应和主体与片体间水动力干扰效应是水动力载荷合理预报的关键之处,需合理考虑.二维半势流理论可较为准确反映上述效应,已在三体船顶浪中垂向运动响应理论预报上获得了较为满意的结果.在此基础上,该文探讨了该方法在三体船斜浪中运动特别是横摇预报上的应用.为较准确获得三体船横摇运动时粘性阻尼贡献,采用三体船模静水中自由横摇衰减试验获得了自由横摇运动衰减曲线,并经能量法处理获得了船舶横摇阻尼系数.然后,结合二维半理论,获得了三体船运动数值解.数值解与斜浪规则波中运动响应模型试验结果符合较好,反映本文所采用的数值方法可较好地预测三体船斜浪中水动力载荷和运动,可用于三体船在波浪中耐波性评估.     

自由面区域变换法解三体船兴波问题

为求解三体船兴波问题,基于线性自由面条件的势流兴波理论Rankine源方法,利用物理平面与计算平面的转换关系计算自由面上物理量的导数,开发了三体船兴波阻力预报程序.采用该方法和程序,对不同侧体布局的Wigley三体船兴波阻力及波形进行计算,并将计算结果与模型试验结果、其他作者数值计算结果进行比较,验证了该方法对三体船的适用性,表明采用贴水线网格及自由面区域变换法解三体船兴波问题可提高三体船兴波问题求解效率.     

紊浮力回流的双流体模型

本文将双流体紊流模型推广应用于紊浮力回流的温差异重流.在应用中对两相连续性方程的源项进行了完善;在求解方法上用总体连续性方程建立压力修正方程,并建立了由无滑移单流体模型过渡到双流体模型的数值解法.本文的计算结果与一组实测资料进行了对比,两者符合较好.     

水下航行体水动力辐射噪声预报方法研究

为评估水下航行体水动力辐射噪声性能,将航行体湿表面划分为若干子单元,运用功率谱的概念和模态平均法,计算子单元受湍流脉动压力激励振动声辐射,根据声能迭加原理建立航行体水动力辐射噪声的计算方法。数值计算表明,水下航行体水动力辐射噪声的预报与国外方法提供结果基本一致。6 m/s以上航速声压谱级最大偏差小于3 dB,所建立的方法可用于水下航行体水动力辐射噪声的预报和评估。     

THE WAVE-MAKING CHARACTERISTICS OF A MOVING BODY IN A TWO-LAYER FLUID

The Wave-making characteristics of a moving body in a two-layer fluid with free surface is investigated numerically and experimentally. The numerical analysis is based on the modified layered boundary integral equation system. The wave characteristics on the free surface and interface generated by a moving sphere and an ellipsoid is numerically simulated in both finite depth and infinite depth of lower layer model. The numerical results of the sphere are compared with the analytical results for a dipole with the same velocity in a two-layer fluid of finite depth. The dependence of the wave systems and structures on the characteristic quantities is discussed. Three kinds of measurement techniques are used in model experiments on the internal waves generated by a sphere advancing in a two-layer fluid. The effects of the varying velocity and stratification on the wavelength, wave amplitudes and the maximum half angles of internal waves are analyzed qualitatively.     

两层流体中潜艇水下运动尾迹的数值模拟

本研究使用基于RANS方程和VOF方法的非定常粘性数值方法对潜艇在两层流体中水下运动时的尾迹特征进行了探索性研究，成功的模拟出潜艇水下运动产生的表面波和内波，数值计算结果与理论分析和文献研究结果基本一致。     

WAVES GENERATED BY A SUBMERGED BODY MOVING IN STRATIFIED FLUIDS AND VERTICAL STRUCTURES OF INTERNAL WAVES

This dissertation deals with the internal waves generated by a submerged moving body in stratified fluids by combining theoretical and experimental methods. Our purpose is to provide some scientific evidences for non-acoustic detection of underwater moving bodies based on the principles of dynamics of the internal waves. An approach to velocity potentials obtained by superposing Green‘s functions of sources and sinks was proposed for Kelvin waves at the free surface or interface in a two-layer fluid. The effects of interacting surface and internal wave modes induced by a dipole on the surface divergence field were investigated. A new theoretical model formulating the interaction of a two dimensional submerged moving body with the conjugate flow in a three-layer fluid was established. An exact solution satisfying the two dimensional Benjamin Ono equation was obtained and the vertically propagating properties of the weakly nonlinear long waves were studied hy means of the ray theory and WKB method. The above theoretical results are qualitatively consistent with those obtained in the experiments conducted by the author.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PROPAGATION AND BREAKING PROCESSES OF A FOCUSED WAVES GROUP

A two-dimensional numerical wave flume is developed to study the focused waves group propagation and the consequent breaking processes. The numerical model is based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, with the standard k-ε turbulence model to simulate the turbulence effects. To track the complicated and broken free-surface, the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method is employed. The numerical model combines the "Partial Cell Treatment (PCT)" method with the "Locally Relative Stationary (LRS)" concept to treat the moving wave paddle so that various waves can be generated directly in a fixed Cartesian grid system. The theoretical results of the linear and nonlinear waves are used to validate the numerical wave flume firstly, and then a plunging breaking wave created by a focused waves group is simulated. The numerical results are compared to the experimental data and other simulation results, with very good agreements. The turbulence intensity, the flow field and the energy dissipation in the breaking processes are analyzed based on the numerical results. It is shown that the present numerical model is efficient and accurate for studying the waves group generation, the waves packet propagation, and the wave breaking processes.     

浅水域中两船交错运行时的非定常波浪干涉

本文以Green-Naghdi（G-N）方程为基础,采用波动方程／有限元法计算两艘船舶在浅水域交错运动时的非定常波浪干涉特性。把运动船舶对水面的扰动作为移动压强直接包含在Green—Naghdi方程里,以描述运动船体和水面的相互作用。本文以S60 CB=0．6船为算例,给出在两艘船交错运动时,自由面波高,波浪阻力及横向力的变化特征。计算结果发现,当两艘船船首接近时,波浪阻力增加。接着,两艘船船身相向平行航行时,阻力减少。两艘船船尾相遇时,波浪阻力又增加。最后随着两船的远离,波浪阻力趋于正常。两船之间的侧向力呈现相似的变化规律。两船先承受横向排斥力,接着相互吸引,尔后又排斥。最后两船远离,横向力消失。计算结果表明,在两船间距较小和船速较大时,两船间的吸引力相当显著,应该予以充分重视。     

NUMERICAL STUDIES OF INTERNAL SOLITARY WAVE GENERATION AND EVOLUTION BY GRAVITY COLLAPSE

In this study, an analysis on the internal wave generation via the gravity collapse mechanism is carried out based on thetheoretical formulation and the numerical simulation. With the linear theoretical model, a rectangle shape wave is generated andpropagates back and forth in the domain, while a two-dimensional non-hydrostatic numerical model could reproduce all the observedphenomena in the laboratory experiments conducted by Chen et al. (2007), and the related process realistically. The model resultsfurther provide more quantitative information in the whole domain, thus allowing an in depth understanding of the correspondinginternal solitary wave generation and propagation. It is shown that the initial type of the internal wave is determined by the relativeheight between the perturbation and the environmental density interface, while the final wave type is related to the relative height ofthe upper and lower layers of the environmental fluid. The shape of the internal wave generated is consistent with that predicted bythe KdV and EKdV theories if its amplitude is small, as the amplitude becomes larger, the performance of the EKdV becomes betterafter the wave adjusts itself to the ambient stratification and reaches an equilibrium state between the nonlinear and dispersion effects.The evolution of the mechanical energy is also analyzed.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF EXTREME WAVE GENERATION USING VOF METHOD

Numerical simulations of extreme wave generation are carried out by using the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method. Extreme waves are generated based on wave focusing in a 2-D numerical model. To validate the capability of the VOF-based model described in this article, the propagation of regular waves is computed and compared with the theoretical results. By adjusting the phases of wave components, extreme waves are formed at given time and given position in the computation. The numerical results are compared with theoretical solutions and experimental data. It is concluded that the present model based on the VOF technique can provide acceptably accurate numerical results to serve practical purposes.     

二阶波浪力的切片理论与潜体上的垂向定常力

二阶波浪力的三维理论基本上是对无航速的结构物建立起来的，航速的影响不甚清楚，一些理论问题，例如二阶绕射势辐射条件的提法，直到最近才得以澄清，即使如此，用三维方法完整地求取物体上的二阶波浪力仍十分费时，本文中对有航速的细长物体建立了二阶波浪力的切片理论，旨在提供理论上合理，实用上相对简便的二阶力计算方法，作为完整的二阶波浪力的一个组成部分，文中给出了细长潜体在不同潜深和浪向角时所受的垂向常力及变化趋     

FREE-SURFACE WAVES AND FAR WAKES GENERATED BY A FLOATING BODY IN A VISCOUS FLUID

1 .　INTRODUCTIONThewavemotionduetoamovingdisturbancehasbeenoflong standinginterest .Butthecorre spondingwakestructuredidnotreceivemuchat tentionuntilthesyntheticapertureradarcollectedanumberofimagesofV likewakepatternsgener atedbyships (Milgram 1988;Brownetal.1989) .Thewakestructuresarethoughttobeclassifiedin tothreecategories :theKelvinwavewakes ,thetrubulentwakesandtheinternalwavewakes(Griffin 1988;Lydenetal.1988;GuandPhillips1994 ) .TheKelvinwakesarethefar fieldwavepatternsgenerate…     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF SQUARE-STERN SHIP WAVE IN SHALLOW WATER

This paper employed shallow water equations with moving pressure to calculate water waves generated by a square-stern ship in shallow water. The moving ship is considered as moving pressure on free surface. The finite element method with moving grids is used to solve the shallow water equations based on wave equation model [3]. A non-reflection boundary condition [5]is imposed on open boundaries surrounding the ship. 3-D surface elevations, depth-averaged horizontal velocities are presented. The numerical solutions are physically reasonable. It is found that wave resistance coefficients, draftchange and pitch angle vary rapidly in neighborhood of critical flow (Fh=u/ gh= 0. 9 -1. 1). The numerical results also indicate that the wave resistance coefficients, draft change and pitch angle of square-stern ship are larger than those of sharp-stern ship with the same hull structure at the same speed.