Effect of nanovolumes of additives on the properties of motor oils. Theoretical principles

A method is proposed for scattered light correlation spectroscopy for objective evaluation of the effect of water, oxidation products, and particulate contaminants on the size of colloidal formations in petroleum oils with additives. It was shown that to increase the colloidal stability — resistance to separation of oils with additives — and correspondingly improve their performance properties, it is necessary to take into account the intermolecular interactions of the additives in composites and to ensure the minimum change in them under the effect of external factors. The mechanism of the reaction of the additives and their selection for ensuring the assigned performance properties of lube oils is theoretically substantiated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 43–45, May–June, 2008.     

Water contamination and colloidal stability of motor oils

Water contamination of motor oils during storage and use in low-temperature conditions cause formation of deposits. These deposits, which consist of asphaltenes and additives, characterize the colloidal stability of the oils. A decrease in the concentration of additives worsens the performance properties of the motor oils. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, p. 33–34, July–August, 2006.     

Making anticorrosion additives from self-emulsifying esters

A method has been developed for making self-emulsifying esters and bicyclic imidazolines based on them for use as effective additives to oils, lubricants, and technological liquids, and also as lubricating agents and emulsifiers that simultaneously are anticorrosion additives for processing ferrous-metal components. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No.3, pp. 48 – 49, May – June, 2009.     

Detergent-dispersant additives for motor oils. Alkylphenolates

Detergent-dispersant additives (DD additives) are widely used in modern motor oils. Detergents are ash additives and dispersants are ashless additives. Some of the most common metal-containing detergents used in the world are metal alkylphenolates, primarily calcium, barium, and magnesium alkylphenolates, which have a high degree of detergent properties. This is due to the broad spectrum of operating properties, relative availability of the initial stock, and simplicity of the manufacturning technology. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 39 – 43, November – December, 1999.     

Plant oil derivatives as additives for lubricants

The possibility of using oxidized, epoxidized, and polymerized fractions of rape and sunflower oils as viscosity and antifriction additives for hydraulic and motor oils was examined. Their biodegradability was evaluated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 29–30, May–June, 2006.     

Medium-caustic sulfonate additive for motor oils. Based on alkyltetralin

Effective new additives, including sulfonate additives, are required for creating high-quality motor oils which meet the requirements of current and future technology [1]. We developed a medium-caustic synthetic sulfonate additive based on alkyltetralin. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 31 – 32, September – October, 1999.     

Co-oligomers of allylnaphthenates and vinyl monomers as viscosity additives for lube oils

The possibility of obtaining viscosity additives for petroleum and synthetic oils by synthesizing co-oligomers of allylnaphthenates with butyl methacrylate and allylnaphthenates with styrene was investigated. The conditions for obtaining co-oligomers with assigned properties were found. The compounds obtained have improved viscosity-temperature properties and are much more resistant to thermal effects than industrial viscosity additives. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 35–36, July–August, 2007.     

Physicochemical aspects of manufacture of three-phase colloidal fuels

The basic physicochemical characteristics of fabrication of three-phase colloidal fuels were analyzed. The effect of the nature and content of solid and liquid phases, type of chemical additives (plasticizers, emulsifiers, and stabilizers), and the basic methods of obtaining three-phase systems from bituminous coals and brown coals were examined. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 52–56, January–February, 2007.     

Rheological properties of lubricants for diesel engines

The effect of viscosity additives from the Viscoplex series on the rheological properties of M-10G₂k lubricants, developed from Baku base oils, was investigated with consideration of current environmental and sanitary-hygienic requirements. It was found that the system consisting of a mineral oil and viscosity additives is characterized by non-Newtonian behavior — at a shear rate of 60–80 sec⁻¹, the character of flow is pseudoplastic — and is distinguished by good starting properties at temperatures from +10 to −20°C. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 32–35, September–October, 2008.     

Inhibiting the deposition of tars,asphaltenes, and waxes in oil pipelines with chemical reagents

Measurements have been made on the rheological parameters of oils from the South Sukhokum and Meshalka deposits at 20-60°C in the presence of surfactants, and optimal concentrations for the latter have been determined. IR spectroscopy establishes the action mechanism: the n-alkanes react not with the functional polar groups but instead with alkyl fragments of the additives. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No.3, pp. 52 – 53, May – June, 2009.     

Base and commercial oils. Factors in improving the quality

Research on the chemistry and technology of lubricants is a basic research direction in the scientific school of Professor N. I. Chernozhukov, created more than 50 years ago. The results of this school’s research have significantly expanded the ideas concerning the production and use of oils and greases and the effect of the nature of the stock on the relationship of the composition (colloidal structure) and properties of the commercial products obtained. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 37 – 39, March – April, 2000.     

Features of aging of engine oil in a gas engine

The basic physicochemical indexes of M-10-D₂(m) engine oil change much less intensively in a gas engine than in a diesel. Low accumulation of elements-indicators of parts wear-and fouling of parts by carbon and varnish deposits were noted. Formation of ash deposits in the valves was more important. Dithiophosphate additives were depleted similarly in both engines. Information on the requirements for special oils for gas engines is reported __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 24–27, July–August, 2007.     

Characteristics of viscous flow of liquid media with resins and asphaltenes

The extensive utilization of deposits of highly viscous crude oils is stimulating a wider investigation of the physicochemical processes involving macromolecular resins and asphaltenes (RA). The reliability of operation of turbolines in pumping crude oils with a high solid point is determined to a significant degree by the possibility of controlling the flow of liquid colloidal systems whose disperse phase is primarily represented by asphaltenes. However, there is no sufficiently complete information on cross-linking mechanisms involving molecules of RA and the degree of the effect of the structures formed on the rheology of the liquids for such control. We used viscometry to investigate the characteristics of association and dispersion of RA in relatively simple model liquid media. The effect of the concentration composition of liquid media were previously primarily investigated in such studies [1 – 3]. The step for changing the temperature was too high: 10°C and higher, to determine any thermal characteristics of viscous flow. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 32 – 34, November – December, 1999.     

Synergism of depressants in petroleum systems

Systems of the coking gasoil type with residual and distillate cracking residues were investigated by electrophysical methods. Electrical processes, in particular, electrostatic blocking of high-melting components and formation of asphalt-resin complexes on electrically active centers, as well as mechanical factors, are responsible for the synergism and depressant activity. At 25–30 wt. % concentrations of additives in the mixtures investigated, a depressant effect was revealed for the first time. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 42–44, July–August, 2006.     

Improving the antioxidant and anticorrosion properties of vegetable oils

Recommendations are given for improving the antioxidant and anticorrosion properties of vegetable oils by etherification with butyl and decyl alcohols on Zeocar-2 catalyst. Technologies are proposed for obtaining lube oils of the “new generation” with different applications by compounding rapeseed oil butyl ether with high-viscosity (viscosity index VI > 150) castor and petroleum oils and all-season oils by thickening rapeseed oil ether with polymethacrylate PMA “D” (VI > 200). __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 41–43, January–February, 2006.     

Laboratory method of evaluating the performance properties of lube oils for gas pumping sets

A laboratory method was developed for evaluating the performance properties of lube oils used in gas-pumping sets. The correspondence of the results obtained by this method and the data on the performance of the oils was demonstrated. The method is intended for fast acceptance control of fresh oils, evaluation of the change in the properties of the oils during use and storage in warehouses, and for developing new lube oils and detecting counterfeit products. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 54–56, May–June, 2008.     

Lubricants on a mixed base. Principles for controlling the properties

Modern commercial oils and lubricating greases are primarily multicomponent disperse systems. Such products contain no less than 3 – 5 different components, and there can sometimes be 8 – 10 components. Since the 1930s, oils and other petroleum-based lubricants have been widely used in industry. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 40 – 43, March – April, 2000. Approximately 20 dissertations on this problem have been written and defended in the Department in the past 25 years: doctoral: A. Yu. Evdokimov, A. Luksa, and I. G. Fuks; candidate: K. M. Antilova, L. N. Bagdasarov, P. N. Vdovichenko, Yu. N. Kitashov, Yu. P. Kosarskaya, V. L. Nemets, A. V. Newterov, V. V. Perekrestova, D. V. Ryabov, A. B. Sterkhov, T. V. Fedorova, N. I. Chernozhukov, E. Yu. Sheble, S. B. Shibryaev, and others.     

A device for fast quality control of oils

The results of fast quality control of oils by nonstandard methods are reported. The possibility of developing methods of determining the basic indexes of oils — the dielectric loss tangent, the base number based on the measured dielectric constant, and the resistivity — is examined. Motor oils from different manufacturers have different dielectric constants, which allows identifying the manufacturing company. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 46–48, September–October, 2007.     

Thermooxidative stability of cyclic polyhydric alcohol esters

The effect of the chemical structure of 2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentanol, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylcyclohexanol, 1,1-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene, and 2,2,-dimethyl-(2,2,1)-bicyclo-5-heptene based on C₃–C₈ aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and their phosphorus-and silicon-containing derivatives on the thermooxidative stability was investigated. The characteristics established allow synthesizing the esters purposefully and selectively, which suggests them as the base and components for promising lube oils. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 36–39, January–February, 2008.     

Thermophysical properties of transformer and turbine oils

Transformer and turbine oils must have good physicochemical, antioxidant, anticorrosive, and heat transfer properties. The latter are primarily determined by the thermal conductivityλ and isobaric heat capacity c′_p. The thermophysical properties of turbine and transformer oils have been relatively completely investigated at low temperatures and atmospheric pressure. However, the experimental values of parametersλ and c′_p occasionally differ significantly for the same oils, probably due to their origin and manufacturing technology. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 26 – 28, November – December, 1999.