温度对口腔科全瓷基底用可切削3Y-TZP瓷块机械学性能的影响

将平均粒径0．3μm的3Y-TZP粉料经200MPa等静压成型后,于800℃,900℃,1000℃,1100℃预烧结,1500℃, 1550℃及1600℃完全烧结。测定了不同温度下预烧结瓷块的机械性能和加工性能以及烧结体的机械性能,对试样断口进行了SEM观察。结果表明,预烧结瓷块在9000℃时加工性能良好,可以达到理论密度的50％以上,完全烧结试样在1550℃时的断裂韧性最高达14 MPa·m1/2。三点弯曲强度与1600℃烧结试样相比无显著性差异(P>0．05)。     

TiO_2对镁钙材料抗水化性能的影响

加入一定量的TiO2后,能够促进镁钙砂的烧结,使试样体积收缩,气孔变小,材料更加致密,从而提高了镁钙砂试样的抗水化性能。另外对材料的烧结温度有一定的要求,温度过低,CaTiO3晶体量少,不足以对主晶相形成包围;温度过高,就会使形成的低熔物CaTiO3熔融,在降温的过程中产生体积收缩,导致材料出现裂缝等,从而影响试样的抗水化性。就本试样材料来说,当TiO2的加入量在0.4%～0.6%、烧结温度在1550～1580℃时,材料的抗水化性能较佳。     

烧成温度和保温时间对红柱石基材料烧结性能的影响

以高纯度南非红柱石(有4～1mm、<1mm和<0.088mm三种粒级,且4～1mm的颗粒料为1500℃3h煅烧过的熟料)和活性氧化铝细粉(粒度<0.044mm)为原料,经配料、混练、成型、干燥后,将一部分试样分别在1300℃、1400℃、1500℃和1600℃下保温3h煅烧;另一部分试样在1600℃下分别保温1h、3h、6h和9h煅烧,待试样随炉冷却至常温后,检测其体积密度、显气孔率、耐压强度和烧成线变化率等,并采用XRD、SEM等手段分析各试样的物相组成和显微结构,以研究烧成温度及保温时间对高纯度红柱石的莫来石化程度及对红柱石基材料烧结性能的影响。结果表明:提高烧成温度对促进高纯红柱石的莫来石化十分有效,延长保温时间对于促进制品的烧结作用很大;高纯红柱石基材料需在1600℃下保温3h烧成,才能使红柱石完全莫来石化;欲使材料烧结良好且玻璃相含量低,物相较纯,则保温时间要达到6h左右。     

以矾土和煤矸石烧结合成刚玉和莫来石

为了提高高铝矾土资源的综合利用率,并促使矾土熟料在质量、品种和价格上升级,以高铝矾土和煤矸石为原料,配制成w(Al2O3)分别为90%、80%、70%和60%的试样,通过均化(细磨、混练)、成型、烘干后,分别在1450℃、1500℃、1550℃、1600℃、1650℃和1700℃保温3h煅烧,测定煅烧后试样的显气孔率、体积密度和烧后线变化率,以此确定各试样的烧结温度;还测定了烧结试样的荷重软化开始温度,并采用XRD和SEM分析了烧结试样的相组成和显微结构。结果表明:w(Al2O3)为90%、80%、70%和60%的试样的烧结温度分别为1550℃、1550℃、1700℃和1650℃,各烧结试样的荷重软化开始温度分别为1450℃、1500℃、1600℃和1550℃,并且烧结试样的纯度和密度均很高(w(Al2O3 SiO2)>93.5%,显气孔率<3%)。由于w(Al2O3)为70%和60%的试样在煅烧过程中二次莫来石化较多,玻璃相含量较少,因此其烧结温度相对较高;同时,由于这两个试样烧结后有发育良好的棱柱状莫来石构成的连续的网络结构,因此其荷重软化开始温度相对较高。     

干压成型法制备SiC-Sialon复相材料的研究

以金属Al,Si,SiO2,SiC为原料,采用干压成型法制备试样,试样的氮化烧结条件为1450℃,1500℃,1550℃,1600℃各保温2h。试验结果表明:采用β'-Sialon质量分数为35%,SiC质量分数为65%的配料组成的试样,经1550℃保温2h的氮化烧结,可制备出烧结性能良好的SiC-Sialon复相材料,其体积密度为2.97gcm-3,气孔率14%,常温抗折强度可达52.3MPa。     

尖晶石对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响

本文以板状刚玉、烧结尖晶石、活性α-Al2O3微粉和纯铝酸钙水泥等为主要原料制备刚玉-尖晶石浇注料,研究了尖晶石的加入量及引入形式对试样性能的影响.研究结果表明:当烧结尖晶石颗粒为15%、细粉加入量为5%时,试样具有较好的性能指标,1600 ℃×3 h热处理后,试样的常温抗折强度和耐压强度分别达到22 MPa、110 MPa,体积密度和显气孔率分别为2.98 g/cm3和19%.     

岩峰白云石二步煅烧制备镁钙砂

以湖北岩峰地区的天然白云石为原料,在实验室内采用二步煅烧法制备了镁钙砂,研究了轻烧温度(分别为750、800、850、900、950、1000℃)和轻烧保温时间(分别为1、1.5、2、2.5、3、3.5h)对轻烧白云石的活性度,镁钙砂的体积密度、显气孔率和抗水化性的影响,以及煅烧温度(分别为1550、1600、1650、1700℃)对镁钙砂的体积密度、显气孔率和抗水化性的影响,确定了实验室制备镁钙砂的最佳工艺为:轻烧温度850℃,轻烧保温时间3h,烧结温度1650℃.     

TiO2含量对镁铝钛耐火材料烧结及显微结构的影响

以电熔镁砂、电熔白刚玉、电熔尖晶石、铬精矿及钛白粉为原料制备了镁铝钛试样,研究了加入不同量TiO2(分别为2%、3.5%、4%、4.5%、5%、7%和12.5%)的镁铝钛材料分别在1450℃、1500℃、1550℃、1600℃、1680℃、1750℃保温4~5h后的烧结状况,并对1500℃和1600℃烧后试样进行了SEM、EDAX和XRD分析。结果表明:加入质量分数为3.5%~7%的TiO2就能显著促进镁铝钛试样的烧结,同时改善其抗热震性;当煅烧温度低于1680℃时,随着煅烧温度的升高,试样的烧结程度越好,显气孔率下降,体积密度增加;试样的主晶相为方镁石,基质部分结构致密,气孔少且多呈封闭的圆孔状;基质中主晶相为方镁石,次晶相为尖晶石固溶体、钛酸钙和少量的镁橄榄石,方镁石之间、方镁石和次晶相之间的直接结合利于试样性能的提高。     

浸蜡工艺对高钙镁钙质耐火材料抗水化性的影响

为了提高高钙镁钙质耐火材料的抗水化性能,以高纯烧结白云石砂和高纯镁砂为主要原料,制成φ36mm×36 mm的高钙镁钙质耐火材料试样,于1 600℃保温3 h煅烧后,采用不同的浸蜡工艺进行浸蜡处理,并采用自然存放法检测浸蜡试样的抗水化性能,以研究试样预热温度(分别为75、100、125、150、175和200℃)、预热时间(分别为0.5、1、2和3 h)、蜡液温度(分别为75、100、125、150、175和200℃)、浸蜡时间(分别为5 s、30 s、1 min、5 min、10 min、15 min)对试样抗水化性能的影响。结果表明:1)最佳浸蜡工艺是试样先在150℃预热1 h,然后在150℃蜡液中浸渍5 min;2)按最佳浸蜡工艺处理的试样,在自然环境中可保存半年以上。     

再结合MgO-ZrO2 复相材料的试验研究

以3～2mm、2～1mm、1～0.5mm、<0.5mm四个粒级的电熔镁砂颗粒,<0.074mm的电熔镁砂粉和<0.043mm的电熔共晶镁锆粉为原料,采用不同的电熔镁砂颗粒级配进行配料,以聚乙烯醇-木质素磺酸钙混合溶液为结合剂,以100MPa的压力成型为53mm×10mm×10mm的试样,分别在1550℃、1600℃、1650℃、1700℃、1750℃和1800℃保温2h煅烧。检测了烧成后试样的显气孔率、体积密度和常温抗折强度,并对烧后试样进行了抗水泥熟料侵蚀试验,同时对烧后试样和抗水泥熟料侵蚀后试样进行了SEM分析。结果表明:试样在1700℃保温2h煅烧后的烧结程度最高;粒度组成对试样的烧结程度影响较小;由于形成CaZrO3的体积膨胀效应以及冷却过程中C2S多晶转变的体积膨胀效应,抗水泥熟料侵蚀试验后试样的显气孔率增加,强度降低。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。