喷雾热解法制备p型铟锡氧化物透明导电薄膜

利用喷雾热解法制备了p型铟锡氧化物透明导电薄膜. 主要研究了铟含量和热处理温度对薄膜的晶体结构、导电类型和载流子浓度以及光吸收特性等的影响. 结果表明, 当In/Sn比较小 时, 薄膜为金红石结构的二氧化锡, 导电类型为n型; 当In/Sn比在0.06～0.25范围内且热处理温度T≥600℃时, 薄膜仍为金红石结构, 但导电类型转为p型的; 当In/Sn比超过0.3时, 薄膜中有立方相的In₂Sn₂O_7-x生成, 由于氧空位的存在, 薄膜又转变为n型. 因此要获得p型导电的铟锡氧化物薄膜, In/Sn比不宜过低, 也不能过高. 热处理温度对薄膜的导电类 型也有影响, 对于In/Sn=0.2的薄膜, 温度低于550℃时薄膜为n型导电, 但当热处理温度高于550℃时, 由于In³⁺取代Sn⁴⁺, 因此薄膜为p型导电. 当热处理温度高于700℃ 时, 薄膜中空穴浓度达到饱和数值为4×10¹⁸cm^-3, 与此同时, 透射率在可见光范围内仍高达80%以上.     

非晶CuNiSnO薄膜的生长与光电性能

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)法制备出一种新型的p型非晶氧化物-半导体非晶CuNiSnO(CNTO)。CNTO薄膜分别在室温(RT)与300℃的生长条件下获得,对其结构、光学和电学性能进行研究。研究结果表明,所得的CNTO薄膜为非晶态,表面平整,元素分布均匀。当衬底温度由RT升高至300℃时,CNTO薄膜的粗糙度由0.38nm下降至0.26nm;电阻率由高阻态转变为p型导电态,空穴浓度为4.06×10~(14)/cm~3。在300℃下生长的非晶CNTO薄膜表现为明显的p型导电,气敏测试结果进一步佐证了这一结论。此外,非晶CNTO薄膜可见光透过率达80%以上,为宽禁带非晶氧化物半导体,有望向透明显示领域发展。     

一种基于锡锑氧化物的透明PN结及整流特性

利用反应磁控溅射法制备了半导体锡锑氧化物薄膜 (TAO). 根据霍尔效应测试结果,当Sn/Sb 原子比处于0.22~0.33范围内时,TAO薄膜是p型导电的,在此范围之外,TAO薄膜是n型导电的. 光学带隙测量结果表明,不同Sn/Sb比的TAO薄膜的禁带宽度基本相同(~3.9eV).构造了一个全透明的PN结,其中n区为Sn/Sb原子比为0.5的TAO薄膜, p区为Sn/Sb原子比为0.33的TAO薄膜.n区TAO的电极用铟锡氧化物（ITO）,p区TAO的电极用Cu薄膜.实验结果表明,由于两种导电类型的TAO薄膜具有相同的禁带宽度,上述透明PN结构具有典型的准同质PN结的整流特性.     

铜膜碘化法制备p型CuI薄膜及其用作空穴传输层的反型钙钛矿电池性能

γ相碘化亚铜(γ-CuI)是一种带隙为3.1 eV的p型半导体材料, 适合应用于发光二极管和太阳能电池等光电子器件。本研究利用简单的铜膜碘化法制备了CuI薄膜, 探究了碘化时间、温度及铜/碘比等生长条件对其透明导电性能的影响。在最优碘化时间(30 min)和碘化温度(120℃)下, 制备出了高透过率(可见光范围>75%)、导电性能好(电阻率4.4×10^-2 Ω·cm)的CuI薄膜。利用CuI薄膜作为空穴传输层, 组装了CuI/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/PCBM反型平面钙钛矿电池, 获得的最高光电转换效率为8.35%, 讨论了CuI薄膜透明导电性能对钙钛矿电池光电转换效率的影响机理。     

Sn掺杂CdO透明导电薄膜的制备和光电性能研究

通过脉冲激光法在石英玻璃基底上沉积了锡掺杂氧化镉(Sn-CdO)透明导电薄膜.X射线衍射,分光光度计和霍尔效应仪检测了薄膜的结构、光学和电学性能.结果表明Sn的掺杂提高了薄膜[111]方向的择优生长,而且促使了(200)晶面衍射角增大.Sn-CdO薄膜的光学禁带宽度随着Sn掺杂含量的增加而变宽.另外,适量的Sn掺杂可以明显改善CdO薄膜的电学性能,比如2.9 at％ Sn掺杂CdO薄膜的电阻率是未掺杂薄膜的十二分之一,载流子浓度是未掺杂的十三倍.因而光学和电学性能的改良使得Sn-CdO薄膜作为透明导电材料具有重要的应用价值.     

溶胶凝胶法制备ITO透明导电薄膜的工艺研究

以五水硝酸铟和乙酰丙酮为原料,以无水氯化锡为掺杂剂,采用溶胶凝胶工艺,用提拉法在石英玻璃基体上制备了ITO透明导电薄膜.采用DTA-TG、XRD、sEM等测试手段对薄膜从凝胶态向结晶态转变过程及微区形貌特点进行了表征,并利用四探针电阻率仪考察了热处理温度、提拉速度、冷却速度、提拉次数等工艺条件对薄膜的导电性能的影响.结果表明:ITO干凝胶膜在600℃热处理温度下完全转化为结晶态,ITO薄膜具有由球形粒子堆积而成的多孔结构;热处理温度与冷却速度均会对ITO薄膜的导电率产生重要影响.     

透明导电氧化物镀膜玻璃的光伏应用前景

一、透明导电氧化物镀膜玻璃简介1.透明导电氧化物镀膜玻璃的定义透明导电氧化物镀膜(Transparent Conductive Oxide,TCO)玻璃,是在平板玻璃表面通过物理或者是化学镀膜的方法均匀镀上一层透明导电氧化物薄膜,主要包括铟(In)、锡(Sn)、锌(Zn)和镉(Cd)氧化物及     

P型掺锌硫化铜铝透明导电薄膜的制备和性能研究

采用渠道火花烧蚀技术,在普通玻璃基板上制备掺锌硫化铜铝CuAl0.90Zn0.10S2透明导电薄膜.运用X射线衍射法(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)分析薄膜的晶体结构和表面形貌.研究不同的制备条件对薄膜光电性能的影响.结果显示,薄膜表面平整致密,均为p型导电.氩气压强和基板温度对薄膜的电阻率和载流子浓度具有显著影响,例如,随着氩气压强增加,电阻率会先降低再上升,而载流子浓度则先增加再降低.在优化的制备条件下,薄膜的电阻率最小值为0.2 Ω·cm,载流子浓度为6.67×1018 cm-3,载流子迁移率最大为1.06 cm2V-1S-1.在基板温度Ts=500 ℃时,获得了室温下最高电导率为50.9 S·cm-1的薄膜.薄膜可见光区域的平均透射率大于60%.     

国内氧化铟锡靶材厂商的机遇与挑战

正氧化铟锡(Indium Tin Oxide,ITO)靶材,是一种N型半导体材料。利用铟掺锡和形成氧空位,形成1020～1021/cm~3的载流子浓度和10～30(cm~3/vs)的迁移率,这个机理提供了在10~(-4)(Ω·cm)数量级的低薄膜电阻率,所以ITO薄膜具有半导体的导电性能~([1])。借助其优异的透明导电性能、透明性及良好的加工性能,ITO导电膜得到高速发展和     

铝氮共掺制备p型ZnO薄膜的电学性能研究

本文通过直流反应磁控溅射,采用Al N共掺的方法在N2O-O2气氛下制备p型ZnO薄膜.结果表明,衬底温度为500 ℃时共掺所得p型ZnO的载流子浓度最高,并且比单独掺氮时高近3个数量级.本文还讨论了生长气氛对薄膜电学性能的影响,当衬底温度为500 ℃时,在纯N2O气氛下制备的p型ZnO的空穴浓度最高,为7.56×1017 cm-3,同时薄膜的电阻率和载流子的迁移率分别为94.3 Ω*cm和0.09 cm2V-1s-1.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.