循环压缩载荷下Ni3Al基合金单晶体的疲劳开裂

采用两种晶体取向的单边缺口试样，在循环压缩载荷下对Ｎｉ３Ａｌ基合金单晶体的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展行为进行了研究。在循环压缩载荷下，第一阶段的晶体学开裂在缺口根部同时沿着两个或更多的（１１１）面发生。     

Role of Crystallographic Textures on Failure Behavior in HSLA Grade-420 Steel During Cold Rolling

The microstructural and textural evolution was analyzed during rolling at room temperature to obtain detailed information about the failure behavior in HSLA grade-420 steel. Electron backscatter diffraction measurements were carried out in both non-cracked and cracked areas after cold rolling to find a correlation between microstructural parameters (i.e., grain orientation, grain boundary characteristics and Taylor factor) and crack propagation. The results showed that the crack tended to propagate along grains oriented with {001} planes parallel to the normal direction with high Taylor factor value. The special boundaries associated with the {111}, {110} and {221} planes were indicated as crack resistance, while ∑ 5, 13a and 17a, which related to the {001} planes, were crack-susceptible. Transgranular cracking was subjected within grains with high Taylor factor, while mismatch in Taylor factor between neighboring grains could provide an easy path for intergranular crack propagation.     

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION AND ELEMENTAL SEGREGATION OF FLAKES IN STEELS

利用电子光学仪器(扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子探针和Auger能谱仪)对钢中白点的晶体取向和元素偏析进行了综合研究。结果表明:白点断口以晶内的准解理和沿晶的波状撕裂条纹的混合断裂形态为特征;白点断裂面的晶体学取向主要是沿铁素体{112}晶面的准解理断裂,显徽空隙内枝晶表面为{111}自由面;白点断口上有P和Cr,Mo,Mn的正偏析,其中以P最为明显。     

TEM STUDY OF MECHANISM OF STRAIN-AGE HARDENING OF INITIALLY DISORDERED (Co,Fe)_3V ALLOY

TEM study was made to explore the mechanism of the strain-age hardening of initially-dis-ordered (Co_(78)Fe_(22))_3V,which was found to be attributed to the formation of a special disloca-tion-stacking fault configuration in company with disorder-order transformation-disloca-tions extended to stacking faults on{111}planes and got connected with each other throughpartial dislocation reaction at intersections of{111}planes,leading to dense networks withcells bounded by stacking fault tetrahedrons.The results also indicated that ordered(Co_(78)Fe_(22))_3V has very low stacking fault energy on{111}planes and relative high andisotropie antiphase boundary energy,which implies that it is most likely to be Lomer-Cottrelllocks,not Kear-Wilsdof locks,that are responsible for the high strength at high temperaturesof this alloy.     

自生TiCp/Ti复合材料中TiC的生长习性

利用配位多面体生长基元理论研究了自生TiCp/Ti复合材料中TiC的生长习性。TiC晶体的配位多面体生长基元为TiC6。生长基元进入{100}面时为4个棱边同时联结，生长速率最快，不易显露；进入{111}面时为共面联结，生长速率最慢，容易显露。因此，TiC晶体的理想形态为{111} 面为显露面的八面体。TiC晶胚在熔体中生长时，受传热传质过程的影响，6个顶角所处的{100}方向生长速率加快，形态失稳，从{100}方向顶角部位生长出二次枝晶臂，最终形成棱面枝晶状TiC。如枝晶形成时低生长速度的晶面上形成大量的晶体缺陷，则它们的生长速度加快，棱面消失，成为光滑枝晶。     

化学气相沉积钨单晶管材表面电解蚀刻形成的{110}晶面形貌

报导了具有<111>晶向(轴向)的管状钼单晶基体化学气相沉积(CVD)钨单晶涂层的电解蚀刻工艺及形成的{110}晶面形貌。实验发现,通过电解蚀刻,表面的{110}晶面可以完全被蚀刻出来。蚀刻出来的{110}晶面呈台阶结构,并同<111>晶轴相平行。蚀刻出来的{110}晶面在圆管的表面分成均等六个区。每个区内{110}晶面的台阶面的宽度呈现周期性的变化,开始台阶面较宽,逐渐变窄,然后通过一过渡区后,进入下一周期,{110}晶面的台阶面的宽度又逐渐变宽。     

EBSD Analysis of Fatigue Crack Growth of 2124 Aluminum Alloy for Aviation

运用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析技术对2124-T851铝合金板材的疲劳裂纹扩展进行了分析研究。结果表明,疲劳裂纹扩展以穿晶为主,随晶粒取向的不同而呈现一定的择优性。当裂纹扩展到晶界时,由于相邻晶粒间存在的取向差,裂纹会偏离其正常扩展路径而发生偏转,而晶内的裂纹偏转则更多是因为粗大第二相粒子在循环应力作用下协调变形能力差引起的。裂纹扩展过程中发生裂纹分叉与特定的晶体学方向有关,是由于裂纹尖端多个等效{111}<110>滑移系的同时开动造成的。     

基于SWRXD的5083/6082异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的残余应力分布规律

以5083铝与6082铝为研究对象,利用搅拌摩擦焊（friction stir welding,FSW）制备了异种材料对接接头.利用短波长X射线衍射（short-wavelength X-ray diffraction,SWRXD）技术,以{311}与{111}为衍射晶面,基于极图最外圈织构参量确定了残余应力测试方向,采用d₀法研究了FSW焊件中心层的残余应力.结果表明,{111}和{311}晶面测试的纵向残余应力分布趋势相近,焊核区为拉应力并出现两个应力峰值;{111}晶面的测试结果更为离散,应力的峰值向前进侧偏移;采用{111}晶面测试的横向的残余应力分布趋势与{311}晶面测试的结果偏差较大.     

单晶Ni_3Al裂纹扩展的TEM原位观察

利用透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）原位拉伸在室温下对（１１０）［１１０］取向 Ｎｉ３ＡＩ合金单晶中裂纹的萌生与扩展进行了研究结果表明：裂纹沿之字形路径扩展且裂纹的总体扩展路径与拉伸轴平行迹线分析表明,首先激活的是（１１１）和（１１１）两个主滑移面上的滑移系;其后在 Ｓｃｈｍｉｄ因子为零的两个滑移面上的滑移系激活．为了解释所观察到的现象而建立了一个位错塞积模型位错应力场的计算表明,塞积位错列所产生的应力场导致了第二滑移系的启动,并使得裂纹扩展路径平行于拉伸轴的方向     

321奥氏体不锈钢单晶应力腐蚀断口的研究

本文观察了３２１奥氏体光盘钢在沸腾的４２％ＭｇＣｌ２溶液中的应力腐蚀行为。     

NON-EQUILIBRIUM SEGREGATION STRUCTURE OF P IN COLD ROLLED Fe-P ALLOYS AND ITS RELATION WITH TEXTURE VARIATION

The relations between the non-equilibrium segregation process of P and the change of thetexture in Fe-P alloys have been studied by analytical electron microscope and orientationdistribution function.It was shown that P segregated preferentialy on the{110}slip planes,the P segregation structures with repeating cycle a=1.582 nm form at 450℃.<001>//ND direction abated.<111>//ND direction heightened.And{111}<110>has a tendancyto transform into{111}<143>texture in recovering process.{111}<143>direction trans-forms into{111}<112>direction after recrystalizing.A model to describe the effects ofnon-equilibrium segregation structures of P on orientation change was proposed and em-ployed to interpret the experiment results.     

The crystallography of stress corrosion cracking in face centered cubic single crystals

The crystallography of transgranular stress corrosion cracking was studied for single crystals of α-brass (tested in 14 N NH₃), copper (tested in 1 M NaNO₂), and 304L austenitic stainless steel (tested in boiling 45 wt% MgCl₂). All fracture surfaces had characteristic flat parallel facets separated by crystallographic and/or fan-shaped steps. In α-brass and copper the facets consisted of {110} planes with the crystallographic steps following {111} planes. In 304L austenitic stainless steel cracking occurred primarily on the {100}, but secondary cracking on {110} was also found. Very smooth crystallographic-like steps were observed, generally following {100} planes. It is concluded that stress corrosion cracking in all systems tested occurred by cleavage. It is suggested that the stress corrosion cracks propagate on the lowest surface energy planes.     

SYMMETRICAL SISF IN DEFORMED Ni_3Al AND ITS FORMATION MECHANISM

The symmetrical superlattice intrinsic stacking faults(SISFs)formed on {111} planes are thepredominant crystal defects in polycrystalline Ni_3AI after slight deformation at room temper-ature.The formation of this kind of SISF is resulted from the dipoles which are distributed onthe neighboring {111} planes after reorientation,dissociation and annihilation under appliedstress.     

高氮奥氏体钢低温断面的晶体学分析

用扫描电镜对18Cr-18Mn-0.7N高氮奥氏体钢的组织及低温脆断断面的晶体学特征进行了分析.结果表明:低温脆断断口上有退火孪晶界断面、沿晶断面及穿晶断面3种断裂刻面.退火孪晶界断面为一光滑、平坦的{111}面,上有折线状台阶,其它3组{111}面上的形变组织在退火孪晶界断面上形成3组交角为60°的直线状平行迹线;沿晶断面为一光滑曲面,{111}面的形变组织在其上形成几组不同交角的曲线状平行迹线;穿晶断面粗糙不平,显示平行于{111}面的台阶、河流花样或棱状花样,它们是不同{111}面上的裂纹在扩展中合并形成的.     

Crystallographic analysis of the martensitic transformation in medium-carbon steel with packet martensite

Based on X-ray diffraction studies of the martensite texture in a single martensite packet, exact orientation relationships between the orientations of martensite crystallites and the original austenite single crystal in medium-carbon steel 37KhN3A have been determined to be as follows: (011)_α||(1; 0.990; 1.009)_γ to an accuracy of \( \pm 0.15^\circ ,{\left[ {01\overline 1 } \right]_\alpha }||{\left[ {1;1.163; - 2.133} \right]_\gamma }\) to an accuracy of ±0.15°. It has been shown that the orientation relationships proved to be almost the same as in the Fe–31% Ni alloy with a twinned martensite with close lattice parameters. Therefore, the conclusion has been drawn that the mechanism of the lattice deformation upon the martensitic transformation is the same in both alloys. It is described as follows. The lattice deformation occurs by shear on the (111) plane in the \({\left[ {11\overline 2 } \right]_{_\gamma }}\) direction and is accompanied by an additional change in the dimensions in the mutually perpendicular directions \({\left[ {11\overline 2 } \right]_{_\gamma }},\left[ {111} \right],\;and{\left[ {1\overline 1 0} \right]_{_\gamma }}\). The invariantlattice deformation is implemented by slip in martensite on the planes of the (112)_α type in the direction \({\left[ {\overline 1 \overline 1 1} \right]_\alpha }\). One of the 24 crystallographically equivalent variants of the transformation mechanism has been considered. Apart from this type of deformation, an additional deformation of martensite is possible that does not change its orientation. It has been shown that the orientation of the martensite crystallite calculated via the phenomenological theory of the martensitic transformations (PTMT) differs by approximately 1° from the experimentally determined orientation. This refers to both the lath and twinned martensite. In the twinned martensite, the invariant plane obtained in the PTMT calculations and the habit plane coincide. In lath martensite of 37KhN3A steel, the invariant plane of the martensite crystal obtained in PTMT calculations deviates by ~25° from the orientation of the surface of the martensite plate (habit plane), which is close to the (111)_γ plane. An explanation of this phenomenon is given.     

柱状晶对Fe-3%Si电工钢冷轧织构演变规律的影响

Fe-3%Si电工钢铸锭中普遍存在柱状晶,其晶体学及形状各向异性对随后的热轧、冷轧及退火织构产生很大的影响.利用xRD与EBSD技术对长轴分别平行于轧面法向(ND),轧制方向(RD)和横向(TD)的柱状晶冷轧样品的织构及组织进行了研究,并对晶界的特殊作用进行了分析.结果表明,中等压下量下,3种柱状晶样品具有不同程度的{001}织构遗传性,即3种样品均不同程度的摆脱了{111}线织构的形成;柱状晶长轴平行于ND和TD时,{001}取向在冷轧时得到大的保留;柱状晶长轴平行于RD时,得到最强的{111}〈112〉织构;柱状晶长轴平行于TD时,冷轧组织中旋转立方织构及{111}〈110〉织构较强.此外,3种样品的织构均表现出由立方→{001}〈130〉→{113}〈251〉的过渡路径,与等轴多晶样品沿α线和γ线转动的路径不同.不同方向的柱状晶晶界对冷轧变形过程中晶粒转动的作用不同,但因晶粒尺寸大而作用有限,且与初始取向相关.     

充氢Ni_3Al｛110｝型解理断裂原位TEM观察SCIEI

利用ＴＥＭ原位观察技术研究了充氢Ｎｉ_３Ａｌ｛１１０｝型解理断裂裂纹萌生、扩展过程。发现｛１１０｝型解理裂纹的萌生是由于｛１１１｝型主裂纹前端位错塞积产生的局部应力集中造成的，且氢的存在降低了｛１１０｝面的解理能。     

COLD-ROLLING AND RECRYSTALLIZATION OF (110)[110] IRON-SILICON SINGLE CRYSTALS

After70-90% cold-rolling,strong{111}〈110〉and weak {111},〈112〉 cold-rolled tex- tures and perfect{111}〈112〉 recrystallization texture were obtained in Fe-Si single crys- tals.The cold-rolled textures with different orientations possesses different ability for recov- ery because of the difference of dislocation structure and store energy alter cold-rolling.The recovery taking place at{111}〈112〉orientation region was prior to that at{111}〈110〉 orientation region.hese subgrains with{111}〈112〉 orientation became recrvstallization nuclei during their growth at expending the surrounding matrix which was sluggish in recovery process.The development of recrystallization textures may be suggested as a process of “nucleation in-situ-selective growth”.The formation of(111)textures in low carbon steel sheets has been discussed in the light of this suggestion.     

Off-axis texture in nanostructured Ti1 − xAlxN thin films

Standard θ-2θ and pole figure X-ray diffraction techniques were used to study structural properties and preferred orientation of nanostructured TiAlN thin films prepared using cathodic arc deposition. Systematic collection of reflections from lattice planes {111}, {200}, {220}, and {311} showed that the in-plane orientation of crystallites exhibits cylindrical symmetry with random distribution of crystallites, while the out-of-plane growth presents strong texture which is inclined with respect to the surface normal. This brings the crystallographic orientation of fibre texture towards high indices lattice planes (113) and (115) contrary to traditionally grown films that develop a preferred orientation following to low indices close-packed planes (111) and (200). The origin of inclined growth is discussed taking into account the role of crystallographic defects in particular twin faults that develop in the lattice of growing crystal and change the stacking sequences of atom layers.     

22Mn—13Cr—5Ni—0.2N钢裂纺Z字形扩展的TEM原位分析

采用ＴＥＭ拉伸方法，对２２Ｍｎ－１３Ｃｒ－５Ｎｉ－０．２Ｎ钢断裂中出现的裂纹Ｚ字形扩展进行了原位分析，结果表明：在拉伸中裂纹Ｚ字形扩展是由材料（１１１）面相对滑动和沿（１００）面开裂两种方式交替进行完成的，这种扩展方式同晶体与外力取向有关。