钐掺杂钛酸锶阳极催化材料的制备及其性能

采用凝胶浇注法制得了Sr1-1.5xSmxTiO3(x=0.08)复合氧化物粉体,考察了Sm掺杂量、凝胶煅烧温度等对产物相组成、烧结性能及电导率等的影响.实验结果表明:干凝胶在1400℃煅烧形成了具有单一钙钛矿结构的Sr1-1.5xSmxTiO3复合氧化物粉体.烧结温度对Sr1-1.5xSmxTiO3材料的烧结致密化有明显的影响.Sm的掺入,可以明显提高SrTiO3材料的电导率.在500～850℃内,Sr1-1.5xSmxTiO3烧结体的电导率随测试温度的升高而降低.掺入4mol%Sm的烧结体在800℃下的电导率为28.8 S·cm-1.     

La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3材料制备及结构分析

以溶胶-凝胶法制备La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3粉体,对粉体在不同温度热处理后的晶体结构进行XRD表征,详细研究粉体的成分组成以及发生的结构转变.结果表明,凝胶前驱体粉体颗粒比表面增大有利于钙钛矿结构晶相形成;合成粉体受前驱体比表面程度影响形成两种具有不同空间群钙钛矿结构晶相,并且各晶相元素化学计量比不相同,两相体系较稳定.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备BST粉体

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3粉体,分析了形成钛酸锶钡凝胶的影响因素,利用DTA,XRD和SEM手段分析了溶胶凝胶过程的反应情况、物相组成以及颗粒形貌.以溶胶-凝胶方法制备的粉体为原料制备了BST陶瓷材料,对陶瓷的介电性能做了研究.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化锆粉体

以正丙醇锆为锆源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了ZrO2粉体。研究了硝酸含量对凝胶时间及热处理温度对ZrO2晶型的影响规律。通过控制硝酸含量可以有效改变凝胶时间;通过锆醇盐水解缩聚制备的ZrO2干凝胶,在低温下热处理首先形成ZrO2四方相,在较高温度热处理后才转变为单斜相;锆醇盐水解缩聚制备的氧化锆粉体在1200℃以后烧结过程明显加快。     

La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3材料制备及结构分析

以溶胶-凝胶法制备La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3粉体，对粉体在不同温度热处理后的晶体结构进行XRD表征，详细研究粉体的成分组成以及发生的结构转变。结果表明，凝胶前驱体粉体颗粒比表面增大有利于钙钛矿结构晶相形成；合成粉体受前驱体比表面程度影响形成两种具有不同空间群钙钛矿结构晶相，并且各晶相元素化学计量比不相同，两相体系较稳定。     

NiO纳米晶的溶胶-凝胶法制备及电化学性能

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法并结合热处理工艺制备氧化镍粉体,研究烧结条件对NiO粉体组成、结构和形貌的影响,并对其电化学性能进行初步研究.结果表明:以醋酸镍、乙醇、柠檬酸为原料,在一定温度下合成了稳定的溶胶和凝胶,凝胶热处理过程中在400℃左右基本分解完全并逐渐形成NiO纳米晶;随着烧结温度的升高,纳米NiO晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,晶型趋于完整;600℃烧结2h获得纳米NiO粉体晶粒大小分布均匀,晶型较好且没有明显团聚现象,表现出良好的充放电稳定性.     

YAG引入方式对碳化硅陶瓷烧结特性、力学性能及结构的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法和机械共混法分别引入烧结助剂YAG(Y3Al5O12)和Al2O3 Y2O3制备复合粉体,经过无压液相烧结制备碳化硅陶瓷材料,分析了烧结助剂引入方式对碳化硅陶瓷烧结、性能及结构的影响机制.研究结果表明,在1 950℃烧结45 min时,机械共混法制备的复合粉体可以获得较好的烧结性能,陶瓷具有较好的力学性能和显微结构,而溶胶-凝胶法制备的复合粉体则存在过烧.经烧结工艺优化,溶胶-凝胶法制备的复合粉体在1 860℃烧结1 h后,陶瓷可以获得更优的烧结性能、力学性能及更理想的显微结构.复合粉体中YAG相的提前形成及均匀分布促进复合粉体的快速致密,降低烧结温度,改善陶瓷的力学性能及显微结构.细晶、裂纹偏转和晶粒桥联是碳化硅陶瓷的主要增韧机制.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备的钛酸锶钡超细粉体的结构与性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同Ba／Sr比的BST粉体，研究了粉体的热处理制度，粉体及其烧结体的微观结构，烧结体的介电性能以及居里温度与组成的关系等。研究结果表明用溶胶．凝胶法制备的BST超细粉体，由于其尺寸细小，粉体的比表面积很大，因而烧结活性更高，在1350℃烧成4h可获得结构致密的单一钙钛矿相的瓷体。     

溶胶-凝胶法合成LiTaO_3粉体的烧结和介电性能

采用溶胶凝胶法合成LiTaO_3粉体,并探讨溶胶-凝胶过程中的工艺条件对LiTaO_3陶瓷制备的影响.结果表明:在CA(柠檬酸):Ta=4:1条件下制备的LiTaO_3粉体在1150 ℃烧结后试样的相对密度可达到92.3%;相对介电常数可达到147,介电损耗低为1.63.     

Ti~(4+)掺杂PbZrO_3反铁电纳米粉的制备及其结构表征

选取Ti~(4+)对PbZrO_3进行掺杂改性,采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了PZ及PZT干凝胶粉。XRD结果表明,单一钙钛矿型PZ的煅烧温度为900℃,而单一钙钛矿型PZT(95/5)的煅烧温度为750℃。SEM观察发现,经900℃煅烧,PZ已被烧结成陶瓷,且晶界明显。而经750℃煅烧,PZT(95/5)的粒径约为150 nm。TEM和EDS结果表明,所制备的粉体为单一钙钛矿型的PZT(95/5)反铁电纳米粉。DSC-TGA结果表明,由于Ti~(4+)的添加,形成大量Ti~(4+)羟基类物质。Ti~(4+)羟基类物质的分解,放出了大量的热,促进了PZT(95/5)的结晶。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。