CIE2000色差公式在涂料色差评定中的应用

对比了CIE2000公式和CIELab公式,并通过实验比较了这两种色差公式对不同色域范围的颜色评定差别,籍此来优化目前涂料行业广泛使用的CIELab色差公式评定标准。     

涂料工业的世纪进展--绿色涂料

介绍了涂料工业的发展现状和常规溶剂型涂料的挥发性有机化合物 (VOC)对人类健康和生态环境的影响 ,着重讨论了绿色涂料的种类及其发展现状 ,指出以水性涂料、高固体份涂料、粉末涂料和辐射固化涂料为代表的绿色涂料是新世纪涂料工业发展的必然趋势     

五彩缤纷的颜料

颜料是涂料的重要组成部分。本文简要介绍了白色颜料、彩色颜料、体质颜料、金属颜料、珠光颜料、发光颜料及颜料工业的经济形势。     

SiO2气凝胶隔热保温涂料研究及保温结构优化设计

石油化工行业是国家节能减排重点工程之一,如果相关设备设施保温不当,不仅会造成严重的热量散失,还会对油水分离和输送等产生影响。本文系统介绍了传统的以中空玻璃微珠或陶瓷微珠为主要隔热功能填料的隔热保温涂料的保温机理、性能及其存在的问题;以 SiO₂气凝胶为主要功能填料的新型隔热保温涂料研究现状及研究中的技术难点;针对不同应用环境,开发兼具防腐、防开裂、隔热保温功能的复合保温结构设计。本文为研制新型耐高温、高效水性无机隔热保温涂料的研究提供了参考方向,为隔热保温涂料在石油化工领域的工程应用提供分析。     

Computational production of colour harmony. Part 2: Experimental evaluation of a tool for gui colour scheme creation

Although webpage and computer interface designers generally have little experience at generating effective colour schemes, colour selection appears only rarely in user interface design literature. This article describes the experimental evaluation of an algorithmic technique that applies colour harmony rules to the selection of colour schemes for computer interfaces and web pages. The technique uses a genetic algorithm to evolve colour schemes; the evolutionary path is determined by a quantitative colour harmony evaluation function. Our technique first creates abstract colour schemes by applying those rules to specific features of the interface or web page; the user then holistically modifies the scheme's overall colour cast, overall saturation, and light–dark distribution, producing colourings that are both harmonious and usable. We demonstrate experimentally that the software is relatively simple to use and produces colourings that are well‐received by humans. In an earlier article, the criteria for a colour harmony tool for computer interfaces and websites were described and used in the design of the Colour Harmoniser, our software implementation of a system that is based on classical rules of colour harmony, adapted and extended to suit graphical user interfaces. In this article, we describe two sets of experiments that have demonstrated the usability and effectiveness of the Colour Harmoniser tool, compared with standard methods of colour selection. These experiments suggest that the tool functions somewhat more effectively than we originally anticipated, producing colour schemes that were rated more highly on several quality scales than those produced by random choice, by humans who self‐classify as nonartists, and by humans who self‐classify as artists. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 38, 218–228, 2013.     

Relation between chip resistance and mechanical properties of automotive coatings

This work addresses the correlation between stone-chip resistance and mechanical properties of automotive solid colour coating systems. Single-impact tests, which are believed to realistically simulate chipping due to stone impact, were performed to investigate eight different coating systems. Additionally, conventional tests on chip resistance currently used in automotive industry were performed. Results were related to mechanical properties of the coatings, measured by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and double cantilever adhesion test. It is found that coating systems with a low glass transition temperature for the primer have better stone-chip resistance.     

Instrumental measurement and control of colour

In spite of the fact that the basic method of colour measurement was established more than harf a centuy ago, it is only during the last fifteen years that the application of colour measurement is particularly substantial and significant because of the advancement of computer technology, better understanding of colour science, and the revolution in equipment design. This has brought colour science from a scientific exercise in the research laboratory to a widely used industrial and commercial tool. The present state of the art of colour measurement is such that an analogy can be made to the measurement of linear dimensions at one time by the relatively crude yardstick, but now replaced by the precisely scaled micrometer. Thus with colour measurement now, colour can be measured with a precision unmatched by the human eye. To-day, both the colorant industry and colour dependent commerce (industries such as dyes, textiles, pigments, cosmetics, coatings, paper, plastics etc.) are taking advantage of such techniques since the economic advantages are quite substantial. Furthermore, the techniques involved are, to a large extent, no longer trade secrets. The literature abounds with practical theories and concepts which can be applied directly in the workplace by competent colourists. It is expected that more applications of colour measurement for similar general usage are being developed. This paper is designed to introduce the fundamental concept of colour science and various types of colour measuring instruments and their selection. The value of these colour measuring instruments for practical use in industry and commerce is discussed. Finally, the sources of the technical information and assistance are given.     

Computational production of colour harmony. Part 1: A prototype colour harmonization tool

Although web page and computer interface developers generally have little experience in generating effective colour schemes, colour selection appears rarely in user interface design literature, and there are few tools available to assist in appropriate choice of colours. This article describes an algorithmic technique for applying colour harmony rules to the selection of colour schemes for computer interfaces and web pages. Our software implementation of this approach—which we term the Colour Harmoniser—adapts and extends classical colour harmony rules for graphical user interfaces, combining algorithmic techniques and personal taste. A companion article presents the experimental evaluation of the system presented here. Our technique applies a set of rules for colour harmony to specific features of the interface or web page to create abstract colour schemes; the user then modifies the overall colour cast, saturation, and light–dark distribution, producing colourings that are both harmonious and usable. We demonstrate experimentally that the software is relatively simple to use and produces colourings that are well‐received by humans. In this article, we define a fitness function that numerically evaluates the colour harmony of a user interface and underpins a genetic algorithm for creating harmonious schemes. We show how abstract, hue‐independent, colour schemes may be mapped to real colour schemes, leaving the abstract colour harmony unchanged, but accommodating the developer's personal preferences for overall colouring, light–dark contrast, and saturation. This abstract/concrete separation automates the creation of harmonious schemes and allows unskilled developers to express their aesthetic preferences using simple direct manipulation controls. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 38, 203–217, 2013.     

European practices and philosophy in industrial colour-difference evaluation

A survey has been made of the use and methods of Instrumental colour difference measurement in quality control of colour within Europe. Several colour differnce formulae are in use. The performances of the most used formulae, namely CIELAB, CMC, BFD, M&S, and Datacolor, are compared. The degree of implementation of colour difference measurement in the textile, leather, automobile, and coatings industries is summarised. The use of new computer graphics to ensure continuity of colour from batch to batch and the alternative methods of colour sorting to minimise colour differences between batches are described.     

风景这边独好——迎接全球金融危机的中国涂料工业

2008年下半年的金融风暴席卷全球,给世界各工业发达国家的涂料业抹上了灰暗的阴影。我国涂料业虽然也受到了一定的影响,但大多数涂料应用领域仍趋增长,中国涂料业成为了世界涂料业发展中的一道亮丽的风景。文章简括了近年来我国涂料的技术进步,包括环境友好型涂料的新产品以及各应用领域的新产品发展情况。     

The role of boron-based additives in exterior wood coatings

Conclusion  Borates are clearly multi-functional coatings additives in the truest sense. Wood coatings can benefit from the biostatic, tannin stain resistance and flame retardant properties of borates. In addition, protection in storage is carried over into service and consequently borates can offer extremely cost effective solutions for the production of high performance coatings. Just one example, if zinc borate were being used for tannin stain resistance, it is unnecessary to use a separate dry film fungicide, in-can preservative or in-can corrosion inhibitor. Coupled with the fact that borates have diverse physical characteristics, in particular distinct aqueous solubilities and pH characteristics (anywhere between pH 4 and 11), it is possible to match the formulation environment and avoid incompatibility and stability problems. Other useful characteristics include their low effect on the optical properties of the dry paint film and, unlike certain organic additives, zinc borate will not alter the transmission properties of transparent coatings; so important at a time when semi-transparent woodstains are gaining popularity. Increasingly the coatings industry is being limited in the additives it can use; either because of specific product restrictions, a general trend to water-borne technology or because of rising raw material costs. It can be concluded from data reviewed here that the borates offer an environmentally non-harmful, safe and cost-effective alternative to the coatings formulator.     

防腐涂料在石油化工中的应用

石油化工行业由于环境的高腐蚀性,对防腐涂料的要求较高,传统使用的涂料中溶剂含量高,一道成膜低。从"环保、安全、省时"的角度出发,阐述了低VOC高膜厚涂料、快干型环氧涂料、新型无机涂料、水性重防腐涂料和低表面处理环氧涂料等新型防腐涂料在石油化工行业中的应用。     

Recent advances in drying at interfaces of biomaterials

A better insight in heat and mass transport across interfaces of biomaterials with their environment, particularly at the microscale, is a key element in improving dehydration processes. Recent advances in interfacial drying are targeted, including evaporation from microscopic pores, droplets or microperforated membranes, and drying of soft cellular tissue such as fruit. Manufacturing of thin biopolymer layers, such as (edible) films and coatings, is discussed as well as their performance as barriers at product–environment interfaces. The physical processes at play are illustrated, recent insights are highlighted and a future outlook is given. These interfacial processes are critical for controlling the processing conditions during drying and for tailoring the structure and quality of biomaterials.     

SiCw／涂层／TZP陶瓷复合材料界面化学键的XPS和IR研究

本文用ＸＰＳ和ＩＲ测定了ＳｉＣｗ／（Ａｌ２Ｏ３，莫来石）涂层／ＴＺＰ陶瓷复合材料的界面化学键。结果表明ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３、莫来石、ＴＺＰ界面为化学结合而Ａｌ２Ｏ３、莫来石／ＴＺＰ界面为物理结合。     

生态文明建设与涂料生产发展

通过对生态文明建设的剖析以及涂料生产对生态的污染影响,提出了涂料生产"四从"的减污对策,使涂料生产迈入生态文明建设轨道,能够持续发展。     

水性木器涂料探密

水性木器涂料是世界涂料界公认的发展方向之一,与溶剂型木器涂料相比在节约能源和保护环境方面具有无可比拟的优秀性。本文根据水性木器涂料的发展前景,着重介绍了水性木器涂料的紫外光固化技术及水性木器涂料的配方体系,同时指出了水性木器涂料的发展趋势。     

涂料颜色稳定性的工艺验证

讨论了涂料工艺验证时,涂料导电性、膜厚、底材等对颜色变化的影响,并用相应的方法进行试验,从而选出颜色稳定性好的涂料。     

Diterpene in Kaffeeölen zur Beurteilung von Rohkaffee nach Art und Bearbeitung

Diterpenes in Coffee Oils for the Evaluation of Raw Coffee According to Type and Processing Commercial varieties of coffee are classified into the types “Arabica” and “Robusta”. Differences between these two types are shown and the possibilities for their detection on the basis of diterpenes (cahweol) are explained. Arabica types contain cahweol in varying amounts, which can be quantitatively expressed by a colour reaction. Examples are given to show that the processing of raw coffee (steaming, decoffeination, C-5-HT-reduction) leads to varying degrees of reduction of cahweol colour absorption. Thus it is possible to recognize processed raw coffee on the basis of cahweol colour reaction and to express the effects of processing. Cahweol colour reaction is a suitable indicator for processed raw coffee, especially for steamed raw coffee.     

水性工业涂料绿色施工问题探讨

介绍了生产流水线涂装用水性工业涂料、工程涂装用水性工业涂料的常见品种及其工艺特性,从施工环境、工艺控制角度,分析了水性工业涂料在汽车涂装等行业已成功应用,而在工程涂装领域市场推广缓慢的原因,提出了施工温度及VOC含量会对工程用水性涂料的基材润湿造成影响并影响涂膜质量,以及可能的绿色施工解决方案。     

The Specification of Colour Appearance. II. Effects of Changes in Viewing Conditions

The effects on colour appearance of changes in surround, illuminant colour, absolute luminance level, and field size are considered. Methods are discussed whereby existing formulae can be used or modified, and new formulae devised, to obtain measures that correlate with the colour attributes involved. Examples of the application of such formulae to practical problems in illuminating engineering and in television are considered briefly. (In Part I the basic concepts and terms necessary for the specification of colour were considered.)