晶界氧化对GH4738高温合金疲劳裂纹扩展的作用

测定了GH4738合金在650、700、750及800℃空气环境下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/d N-ΔK曲线及疲劳裂纹扩展寿命a-N曲线,得出了温度对合金疲劳裂纹扩展的影响规律,并结合组织性能、疲劳特征、高温及室温下晶界氧化情况等分析了温度对合金疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明,随着温度升高,GH4738合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率(FCGR)增加,合金的断裂方式由沿晶和穿晶混合型断裂向完全沿晶断裂转变;在初始应力强度因子幅度DK为40 MPa·m1/2、晶粒尺寸为30~40 mm时,合金的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命在650~700℃内显著下降,存在一个温度敏感区间,其原因并不是材料的组织和力学性能的变化,主要是高温下的氧化作用所致;O通过裂纹尖端、滑移带间接进入晶界或O直接渗入晶界的方式,与晶界处的活性元素Co、Ti、Al反应生成脆性氧化物,从而降低了晶界强度,使合金的抗疲劳性能显著下降。     

Ti／Al2O3梯度功能材料热疲劳裂纹扩展机理

对Ti／Al2O3梯度功能材料进行了物相分析，研究了在热应力作用下的热疲劳裂纹产生的根源及其扩展方式和形态。结果表明：该体系主要有Ti，Al2O3，还有少量的TiAl，Ti3Al，AlNb2组成。Ti/Al2O3界面处生成的Ti3Al相以及Ti3Al周围的气孔是热疲劳裂纹的主要萌生和扩展地；随着成分的变化，裂纹的扩展由沿晶开裂转变为穿晶断裂，裂纹扩展的路线并不是直线，在各梯度层间发生了裂纹的偏转。     

GH4720Li合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的温度敏感性

测定了难变形高温合金GH4720Li在650、700、750及800℃空气环境下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,并结合断口分析了在纯疲劳及保载90 s下,温度对合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响。结果表明,随着温度升高,合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的增长幅度变大。800℃时,合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率急剧增大。温度升高,疲劳裂纹的扩展方式发生了明显变化,650℃时断口为沿晶和穿晶断裂混合型,700~800℃时断口以沿晶断裂为主。保载时间延长,裂纹扩展速率加快,且裂纹扩展速率的温度敏感性增加。     

新型镍基粉末高温合金FGH98的高温疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

测定了新型粉末高温合金FGH98在650℃空气环境中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,与前两代粉末高温合金FGH95和FGH96的裂纹扩展速率进行了比较分析,研究了合金显微结构以及保载时间对FGH98合金裂纹扩展速率的影响.结果表明,FGH98合金的高温疲劳裂纹扩展抗力较前两代粉末高温合金有了明显提高.控制固溶后以适当的方式冷却,使得二次和三次γ’相均匀匹配析出,可以获得具有良好疲劳裂纹扩展抗力的合金组织.粗晶组织有利于降低FGH98合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,尤其是在近门隘区.FGH98合金的高温疲劳裂纹扩展速率随保载时间的增加而增加,其断裂模式相应地从穿晶-沿晶混合断裂变为沿晶断裂.     

EFFECT OF β-FLECK ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al ALLOY

研究了β斑点对Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金的室温拉伸性能和低周疲劳性能的影响,发现在β斑点区内,裂纹沿原始β晶界扩展形成沿晶脆性断裂,在交变应力作用下,β斑点往往成为疲劳源点,在高应变下,β斑区内的原始β晶界和晶界α处萌生裂纹并导致早期断裂。     

β斑点对Ti—10V—2Fe—3Al合金性能的影响

研究了β斑点对Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金的室温拉伸性能和低周疲劳性能的影响,发现在β斑点区内,裂纹沿原始β晶界扩展形成沿晶脆性断裂,在交变应力作用下,β斑点往往成为疲劳源点,在高应变下,β斑区内的原始β晶界和晶界α处萌生裂纹并导致早期断裂。     

Ti/Al2O3梯度功能材料热疲劳裂纹扩展机理

对Ti/Al2O3梯度功能材料进行了物相分析,研究了在热应力作用下的热疲劳裂纹产生的根源及其扩展方式和形态.结果表明:该体系主要有Ti,Al2O3,还有少量的TiAl,Ti3Al,AlNb2组成.Ti/Al2O3界面处生成的Ti3Al相以及Ti3Al周围的气孔是热疲劳裂纹的主要萌生和扩展地;随着成分的变化,裂纹的扩展由沿晶开裂转变为穿晶断裂,裂纹扩展的路线并不是直线,在各梯度层间发生了裂纹的偏转.     

K40S钴基高温合金的高温低周疲劳行为——Ⅱ.疲劳断口分析

研究了K40S钴基高温合金在700℃和900℃温度条件下由应变控制的高温低周疲劳行为，对疲劳断口形貌进行观察，结果表明；在高温低周疲劳加载条件下，K40S合金疲劳裂纹萌生机制为表面滑移带开裂与表面碳化物相界面开裂的综合作用；疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展方式为穿晶型，瞬断区呈现枝晶断裂特征；碳化物可作为障碍，阻碍疲劳裂纹的扩展，且为主要的二交裂纹策源地；K40S合金高温低周疲劳断裂为机械疲劳与高温环境氧化共同作用的结果。     

GH4720Li合金裂纹扩展速率的温度敏感性

测定了难变形高温合金GH4720Li在650℃、700℃、750℃及800℃空气环境下的裂纹扩展速率,并结合断口分析了在纯疲劳及保载条件下温度对合金裂纹扩展速率的影响。结果表明,随着温度升高,合金裂纹扩展速率的增长幅度变大。800℃时,合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率急剧增大。高温下,疲劳裂纹的扩展方式发生了明显变化,650℃时断口为沿晶和穿晶混合型,700~800℃时裂纹以沿晶断裂为主。保载时间的延长,裂纹扩展速率加快,且裂纹扩展速率的温度敏感性增加。     

固溶处理和疲劳保载时间对FGH96合金高温疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

测定了FGH96合金在650℃空气环境中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,研究了合金显微结构、固溶冷却速率及保载时间对FGH96合金裂纹扩展速率的影响。结果表明,控制固溶后以适当的方式冷却,使得二次和三次γ′相均匀匹配析出,可以获得具有良好疲劳裂纹扩展抗力的合金组织。FGH96合金的高温疲劳裂纹扩展速率随保载时间的增加而增加,其断裂模式为沿晶断裂。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.