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“碳中和”目标提出后,各行各业都在寻求减少碳排放的方法,生物质能源的使用是实现碳中和目标的重要手段之一。生物柴油以其优良的燃烧性能及环保性能成为一种较为理想的生物质燃料,其生产工艺是近年研究热点。连续化生产工艺对生物柴油的规模化制备与推广有着重要意义。目前连续化制备生物柴油的反应装置主要有微反应器、固定床反应器、管式反应器、膜反应器。本文综述了近年来国内外采用连续化工艺制备生物柴油的研究进展。这些研究表明,通过优化反应器结构、使用助溶剂、提高催化剂活性等均可提高生物柴油的收率。最后本文还分析了各反应器存在的不足,并提出了相应的建议,对生物柴油连续化生产进行了展望,以期为低成本、低能耗的生物柴油生产提供参考。 相似文献
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分析了生物柴油生产中醇解反应过程的特点,介绍了几种连续醇解反应的装置及工艺,并对生物柴油连续化生产工艺的研究作了展望。 相似文献
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叙述了管式和滴流床等传统反应器和膜反应器、微通道反应器、反应蒸馏反应器等新型反应器在生物柴油制备的应用和发展,并对反应器的应用前景做了评述和展望。认为改进的传统反应器和新型反应器在生物柴油生产中都有一定的发展前景。新型反应器仍需要解决一些基本的过程问题,如微通道反应器的平行放大控制、腐蚀,膜反应器的选择性.反应蒸馏反应器的模型放大优化问题。 相似文献
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钱伯章 《化学反应工程与工艺》2007,23(5):403-403
美国Kreido生物燃料公司开发的高剪切高速反应器可使化学反应提高3个数量级,该工艺第一次用于生物柴油燃料的商业化生产。Foothills生物能源公司在现有的100万加仑/a生产能力中采用该技术再增产100万加仑/a。 相似文献
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本文从分析尿素法生产水合肼的反应机理入手,阐述了连续化管式反应器制肼工艺过程,并对采用该生产工艺的优点进行了总结。 相似文献
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超临界连续化制备生物柴油单管扩大试验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在小试基础上,建立了一套百吨级超临界连续化制备生物柴油单管扩大试验装置,主要包括反应系统、产品精制系统和自动控制系统3个部分.以大豆油和甲醇为原料进行了扩大试验.考察了在连续反应条件下超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油中不同反应条件对脂肪酸甲酯收率的影响.试验结果表明,装置运行良好,适宜的工艺条件为:反应温度300℃,反应压力15 MPa,反应停留时间1 200 s,醇油摩尔比为40:1,在该条件下,生物柴油收率可达95%.反应物的混合状况对酯交换反应有重要影响.在相同工艺条件下,扩大试验装置中反应混合物流动的雷诺数是小试的2倍,传质系数增大,甲酯收率显著高于小试结果. 相似文献
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生物柴油是石化柴油的重要补充.用传统的搅拌釜和管式反应器制备生物柴油,存在反应速率慢、转化率低的问题.从提高反应速率和转化率两方面综述了生物柴油新反应器的研究进展.提高反应速率的反应器包括:微波反应器、空化反应器、旋转床反应器、振荡流反应器、高剪切反应器、静态反应器、微反应器和液液膜反应器.提高转化率的反应器包括:反应/分离器、反应蒸馏反应器和膜反应器.比较了它们的优势和缺陷.提出联合使用几种技术,将强化传质与分离技术进行有效整合,使反应器小型化并缩短工艺流程,以建立适应未来的生产效率高的便携式生物柴油厂. 相似文献
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Hui Zhao Ran Ran Lei Wang Chunshan Li Suojiang Zhang 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2020,66(7):e16239
A continuous process for methacrolein production was constructed by filling w/o Pickering emulsions in a column reactor. Ionic liquid (IL-[HDEA]Ac) with secondary amine was designed to catalyze propionaldehyde condensation with formaldehyde through the Mannich reaction. Emulsion droplets encapsulated with IL aqueous solution were stabilized with modified SiO2 nanoparticles and dispersed in cyclohexane, which could be observed as numerous reactors. The properties of SiO2 stabilizer, such as wettability, surface groups, and the effect on interfacial tension were investigated. The characteristics of emulsion influenced by stabilizer properties and content were systematically studied. The droplet size, IL concentration and liquid hourly space velocity were optimized. The droplets were evaluated at 0.5 hr−1 for 150 hr without IL leakage and obvious activity decreasing, indicating the excellent stability of the emulsion system. The continuous process showed a 1.25-fold enhancement in catalysis efficiency and less equipment compared to batch process. 相似文献
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The behaviour of batch and continuous reactors for the production of standard novolacs is discussed theoretically. A kinetic model valid from low to high formaldehyde conversions is used. Results show the influence of the formaldehyde/phenol molar ratio as well as the stated formaldehyde conversion on the composition of the resulting novolac. For the limit of complete segregation, a series of three ideal stirred tanks are shown adequate for the continuous industrial production, at total mean residence times equivalent to those of batch reactors. The influence of partial micromixing is discussed. 相似文献
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Thermal regimes of a CSTR are analysed from the standpoint of the thermal explosion theory. Critical phenomena and time characteristics of the process are considered. It is shown that for appropriately chosen dimensionless parameters the critical conditions of the thermal explosion and induction period in a CSTR slightly differ from those for non-flow (batch) systems. These corrections may be performed by using an additional parameter which is characteristic for flow systems. In the region of multiplicity of steady states, the critical condition of thermal explosion is characterized by a jump of self-heating, while in the non-flow systems such phenomenon occurs only for a zero order reaction. For a unique steady state the transition through the critical condition is continuous. 相似文献