论述建筑工程中混凝土裂缝种类及产生原因控制

混凝土的裂缝问题是很平常的建筑施工质量问题,然而建筑工程产生裂缝的原因有多种,建筑工程的混凝土结构也会经常产生裂缝,这对工程的整体质量和建筑的安全使用都产生了严重影响.本文结合个人工作心得就建筑混凝土裂缝种类及产生原因控制进行论述分析.     

工业建筑混凝土结构裂缝的技术分析与控制

工业建筑混凝土结构裂缝,是常见的质量通病,严重影响工业建筑的质量。本文中对工业建筑常见的混凝土结构产生裂缝的原因进行技术分析并提出了控制工业建筑混凝土结构裂缝的具体措施。     

混凝土建筑物裂缝的成因分析及预防措施

建筑物需要注意混凝土所出现的裂缝,由于混凝土裂缝对建筑物及其构件的适用性、耐久性等性能产生最为直接的影响,故而制定出相应的混凝土裂缝宽度限值,以此保障混凝土建筑的质量以及人民的生命与财产安全。针对混凝土裂缝出现的根本原因,从混凝土工程设计及工程施工两方面做好混凝土建筑施工的质量管理工作,辅之以科学的防护措施,切实落实好混凝土裂缝控制工作,保障混凝土建筑的质量。本文针对建筑工程混凝土裂缝产生的原因进行分析,并提出防治措施。     

建筑工程施工中混凝土裂缝的成因与治理

混凝土作为我国建筑中应用最为广泛的建筑材料,对建筑质量有很大的影响.如果混凝土出现裂缝,会对整个建筑结构的质量产生非常严重的影响,同时也会增加一些比较严重的安全问题.因此,有必要全面加强混凝土裂缝的防治,并采用一定的防治技术进行处理,从而有效地保证施工质量.     

电力建筑混凝土结构施工质量控制探讨

本文在总结电力建筑混凝土结构常见问题的基础上,分析了影响电力建筑混凝土结构施工质量的因素,提出了混凝土结构裂缝预防措施,探讨了电力建筑混凝土结构施工质量的控制.     

建筑混凝土结构出现裂缝的原因及解决对策

文章阐述了建筑混凝土结构出现裂缝的原因,包括未能合理选用施工材料、施工温差大;提出了建筑混凝土结构出现裂缝的解决对策,包括加强混凝土原材料质量控制、降低混凝土温度变化、做好混凝土养护监控.     

建筑施工混凝土裂缝成因与治理措施

建筑工程中混凝土裂缝问题对整个建筑的质量与安全具有重要影响。基于此,文章从建筑环境、混凝土质量、建筑施工质量、建筑工程养护等方面入手,分析了建筑工程中混凝土裂缝产生的原因,提出了治理措施。     

混凝土施工裂缝预防技术

在建筑行业取得进一步发展的同时,对建筑质量的要求也在提高.混凝土在建筑工程中应用最为广泛,而且用量最大,其施工质量往往对建筑的整体施工效果和后续使用情况具有决定性影响,因此须做好混凝土施工.混凝土施工过程中容易产生裂缝,这是基于混凝土自身特性及施工特点而产生的比较常见的施工问题.为确保工程整体施工质量,须做好混凝土施工的裂缝预防.     

混凝土裂缝产生的原因及新的控制方法

从设计和施工两方面论述了混凝土裂缝产生的原因,并提出一些新型混凝土裂缝的控制方法,以减少混凝土裂缝带来的不良影响,从而提高建筑的质量,延长建筑物的使用寿命.     

施工阶段混凝土裂缝分析与防治

混凝土裂缝是影响工程质量的主要因素,是在工程建筑中存在的质量通病.本文针对施工阶段出现的混凝土裂缝进行大量现场实践经验分析,提出有效的裂缝处理措施.     

居住区地表种植面积保障技术

本研究的目的是在现有的城市土地资源不变的情况下，在不改变现有的居住区规划设计规范条件下，通过相对简单的技术手段，探索增加居住区地表种植面积的有效措施，并用这些方法使我国已经建成的优秀居住区能新增加的绿化地表种植面积约占小区总面积的２．７％，对这我国城市居住住区环境建设的可持续发展有着积极意义。     

土的基本特性及本构关系

面对土的外延持续拓展、内涵不断深化、本构模拟精度要求日趋提升的挑战,土的基本特性与本构关系研究要回归初心,面向工程需求,聚焦于达到工程分析精度而需要刻画的土的宏细观一体化特性,称作土的工程本征性。工程本征性主要有三相性、各向异性、摩擦性和剪胀性等几个方面,其内涵和发展趋势基于研究现状进行探讨。研究与刻画土的工程本征性时,应基于一体化的思路,注重细观特征和宏观特性刻画精度的均衡性,即：宏观层面的研究指导在细观层面有目标的观测,而不需要无止境的追求各类细观层面的细节;细观层面的研究为宏观层面的刻画提供充分依据,从而克服脱离细观机理的唯象假设。以土的工程本征性为核心探讨土的基本特性与本构关系研究的宏细观一体化建模方法,结合强度理论和多过程耦合模型等课题探讨研究现状与发展趋势。简要回顾本构理论研究的重要进展,指出土的本构理论研究已经具备深厚积累,以期为宏细观一体化的工程本征性研究奠定坚实的基础。     

Residential building damage and natural perils: Australian examples and issues

The most important natural perils in Australia are tropical cyclones, earthquakes, bushfires, thunderstorms, floods, landslides and tsunamis. However, as far as residential buildings are concerned, the correct relative order of importance depends on the frames of reference used. Certainly, meteorological perils are more significant than geological hazards. Residential building damage produced by the most important natural hazards is assessed. Governance is shown to be poorly related to actual risk. Tropical cyclone wind-loading codes are amongst the best in the world, but the more limited potential for storm surge damage is largely ignored. While land-use regulations are strong in some states, almost no attention has been paid to appropriate building materials for flood-prone properties. Hail is probably the most important peril along the populated south-eastern seaboard, but no regulations govern roofing materials. Other issues relating to the present understanding of damage to buildings are raised.     

和谐与个性——浅析北京应用物理及计算数学研究所信息楼的设计

对北京应用物理及计算数学研究所信息楼的建筑方案进行了总结分析,阐述了它在与规划的协调、功能、造型、细部设计等方面的设计特点,也指出了一些存在的问题。     

Debating the future of comfort: environmental sustainability, energy consumption and the indoor environment

Vast quantities of energy are consumed in heating and cooling to provide what are now regarded as acceptable standards of thermal comfort. In the UK as in a number of other countries, there is a real danger that responses in anticipation of global warming and climate change - including growing reliance on air-conditioning - will increase energy demand and CO₂ emissions even further. This is an appropriate moment to reflect on the history and future of comfort, both as an idea and as a material reality. Based on interviews and discussions with UK policy makers and building practitioners involved in specifying and constructing what will become the indoor environments of the future, four possible scenarios are identified each with different implications for energy and resource consumption. By actively promoting debate about the indoor environment and associated ways of life, it may yet be possible to avoid becoming locked into social and technical trajectories that are ultimately unsustainable. The aim of this paper is to inspire and initiate just such a discussion through demonstrating that comfort is a highly negotiable socio-cultural construct.     

Environmental impact analysis for typical office facades

The design of a building facade influences internal thermal and lighting conditions and energy use associated with the provision of these conditions. Key decisions about the building facade are usually taken during the concept design stage of a building, while decisions about the method of providing the environmental conditions are often made later in the design process. This dilemma is addressed by the development of a concept design tool that allows the design team to investigate the effect of facade design on the resulting internal environmental conditions, energy use and environmental impact. The concept design tool was developed by performing detailed thermal, lighting and environmental modelling for a number of generic office building facade designs and a range of parameters that affect directly the environmental performance of an office building. The results are presented in a user-friendly interface requiring a minimum number of inputs. Key parameter outputs (such as temperature, lighting levels, heating/cooling energy demand, embodied energy and eco-points) can then be viewed, while a more detailed analysis can also be created for specified facade designs. A parametric analysis of the summary result outputs for selected facade parameters indicates that natural ventilation and cooling can reduce the environmental impact of offices by up to 16%, although heating energy demand could increase significantly. Improving the construction standard of the facade and reducing the internal heat loads can reduce the environmental impact by up to 22%. Use of this tool at early design stages will benefit the design team through an improved understanding of the dynamics between facade design and building services and assist with a more integrated approach.     

The dynamics of alkalinity generation by an anoxic sediment exposed to acid water

The time dependence of the rate of generation of alkalinity by productive sediments treated with acid waters was investigated for various conditions using continuously stirred flowing reactors. Complete mass balances allowed the generated alkalinity to be related to specific processes, none of which were affected by light. The high rate of oxidation of organic material was sufficient to consume all the oxygen, nitrate and sulphate supplied to the vessels during the first few days of incubation, but by 15 days sulphate reduction had ceased and oxygen and nitrate reduction were incomplete. In incubations supplied with anoxic waters there was an initial small release of calcium, but by 10–15 days the generation of alkalinity could be accounted for by nitrate reduction (23%), sulphate reduction (47%), Fe(II) production (23%) and NH₄⁺ production (7%). Iron(II) was exhausted when only 1% of the total amount of iron in the sediment had been released. In incubations supplied with oxygenated waters sulphate was only reduced during the first 10 days while oxygen was completely consumed. By 15 days there was incomplete consumption of oxygen and the generation of alkalinity was accounted for by nitrate reduction (36%), calcium release (53%) and NH₄⁺ production (11%). Comparisons of reaction rates indicate that calcium is released by being replaced by ammonium ions which are generated by decomposition of organic matter. Although, in the longer term, more base is generated by sediment incubated anoxically, sediments incubated with oxygenated water generate base more rapidly for the first few days until the most readily oxidized organic matter is consumed.     

儿童友好型社区营造中的参与者社会网络构建与分析 —以湖南省长沙市育才第三小学"娃娃农园"营造实践为例

Introducing the case of the Kids’ Gardens in Yucai No. 3 Primary School in Changsha City, Hunan Province, this study established sociograms upon the contact-frequency-based network with UCINET to systematically analyze the characteristics of different participants in the process of the childfriendly community building and the varying pattern of all social relations, aiming at addressing problems emerging in public participation and multi-stakeholder collaboration in Chinese mainland. It was found that by bonding stakeholders including citizens, the government and party organizations, universities, and public institutions and enterprises, this practice encouraged the school — as a community — to leverage its internal resources. The school finally overcame the organizational inertia and achieved independent operation and growth during the process of community building. The study also demonstrated that the social network of participants was developed and defined with both independent and dependent modes from an overall perspective, of which the former characterized for its dominant internal ties and a dense tree-like hierarchical management structure might be more efficient. From a participant perspective, the brokerage roles in key nodes were critical to the community building. Finally, spatial design strategies, including enhancing the spatial affordance to serve diverse activities, space zoning and allocation, offering “half-done” spaces, and phased development, were provided for similar community building practice.     

Architecture a sspatial-textile storytelling: Metamorphosis of frieze as a narrative medium mediating the Panathenaia festival

Classical temples constructed by an entire class are considered as a democratic artifact that symbolizes social and communal beliefs and embodies religious significance. In contrast with these meanings that existing scholars have addressed, this paper investigates the extent to which architecture, as both shelter and artwork, serve as a medium of spatial-textile storytelling, providing a rich sensory context that represents and mediates culture. This study is drawn from a case study of the Ionic frieze in Parthenon, Athens, considered both a textile and spatial storytelling device. The research method applied in this paper consists of a literature review of references on the ideas on the links between textile making and architectural ornament by Gottfried Semper, as well as the historical development of the frieze in both textile weaving and classical architecture. The paper concludes that the significance of the religious Panathenaia festival is not merely depicted by the peplos identified on the central east Ionic frieze, but is also expressed in the entire representational scheme of the Ionic frieze, along with the overall spatial configuration of the Parthenon. Architecture, instantiated by the Parthenon, is regarded as spatial-textile storytelling to communicat emeanings.     

Screens

The screen is a recurring element in the work of Niall McLaughlin Architects . Environmental considerations have provided the opportunity for inclusion of the screen in built works, but it has been embraced by them for its geometric and material qualities, as well as the play it affords with light. The practice has relished the transformative powers of inserting everyday found objects into the screens to provide an additional level of surprise and delight. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.