疲劳断裂寿命设计

建立了疲劳寿命估算模式,阐述了疲劳寿命的影响因素,指出提高构件使用寿命的关键在于缩短微观短裂纹扩展的终止裂纹长度,增大物理短裂纹扩展的门槛裂纹尺寸。     

基于动载荷谱的齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命预测

为了探讨齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命计算问题,将齿轮疲劳总寿命分为两个阶段,即疲劳裂纹萌生寿命和裂纹扩展寿命.通过ADAMS软件仿真实验齿轮的工作情况,使其接近真实状况,得到齿轮载荷谱.根据齿轮载荷谱,利用有限元ANSYS软件分析在齿轮齿根危险截面处的最大应力.采用断裂力学、雨流法和Miner疲劳损伤累积模型,对考虑动载荷情况下的齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命进行预测,推导了齿根裂纹萌生期和扩展期的疲劳寿命计算公式.在高频疲劳试验机上对算例齿轮进行了双齿脉动加载齿根弯曲疲劳寿命实验研究,理论计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,验证了本文理论分析的正确性.      

重熔处理对火焰热喷涂Ni60A涂层件疲劳性能的影响

为了研究重熔处理对火焰热喷涂件疲劳性能的影响,本文应用火焰热喷涂技术在40Cr基体上制备出Ni60A自熔性粉末合金涂层,将热喷涂件经不同时间的火焰重熔处理后,应用疲劳试验机测试了喷涂试样及基体试样的弯扭疲劳寿命,分析了试样的宏观断口及极限应力。结果表明:重熔处理时间是影响热喷涂件疲劳寿命的关键因素之一。当重熔时间不足时,涂层表面缺陷为主要裂纹源,涂层与基体的结合力不强,极限应力随裂纹的萌生波动,裂纹在涂层中的扩展以微观第一阶段为主,断口大多为瞬断面,无疲劳辉纹,热喷涂件的疲劳寿命较短;当重熔时间过长时,涂层强度有所提高,但涂层中再次形成的缺陷为主要裂纹源,极限应力波动显著,裂纹在涂层中的扩展为微观第一阶段及第二阶段,断面有较明显的疲劳辉纹;当重熔时间合理时,缺陷对喷涂件疲劳寿命的影响减弱,构件疲劳寿命显著提高。     

铁基粉末冶金烧结材料的疲劳与失效行为研究进展

铁基粉末冶金结构零件以其独特的优点和巨大的竞争力已在汽车等行业获得广泛的应用.材料疲劳性能的研究目前仍然是应用和科学研究中的一个重要领域.综述了近年来国内外铁基粉末冶金材料的疲劳与失效行为的研究成果,包括成分、组织和制备工艺等因素对铁基粉末冶金材料的疲劳性能、疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展机制的影响,以及铁基粉末冶金材料的疲劳裂纹扩展速率等方面的研究成果.指出了加强国内相关领域研究,有利于促进粉末冶金学科发展和提升国内的粉末冶金技术水平,对拓展铁基粉末冶金零件的应用具有重要的现实意义.     

WC-Co类硬质合金的低周冲击疲劳性能研究

为研究WC-Co类硬质合金的冲击疲劳断裂机制和微观组织参数对其低周冲击疲劳性能的影响,对6种牌号不同WC晶粒尺寸及Co含量的硬质合金进行了冲击疲劳试验,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察冲击疲劳断口。结果表明:当硬质合金承受冲击加载时,裂纹从粉末冶金缺陷处萌生,萌生的裂纹与孔洞相互连接形成主裂纹,主裂纹快速扩展导致材料疲劳失效。Co含量越高的硬质合金其疲劳敏感性越强,冲击疲劳寿命越短;WC晶粒尺寸越大的硬质合金其冲击疲劳寿命越长。     

复杂应力状态2.25Cr-1Mo钢的高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展规律

用带预裂纹的缺口试件研究2.25Cr-1Mo钢高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展规律,通过疲劳试验观察裂纹扩展寿命,应用ANSYS计算裂纹尖端应力应变分量和当量弹、塑性应变范围,利用当量J积分范围表征2.25Cr-1Mo钢在复杂应力状态下的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率.结果表明:疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN与当量J积分范围△Jf的关系不受试件缺口型式和加载应变范围的影响,用当量J积分来评价2.25Cr-1Mo钢的高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展规律是有效的.     

长短裂纹分界点的确定及短裂纹扩展寿命的预测

采用弹塑性理论定理分析缺口根部局部应力应变场来确定长短裂纹分界点。提出的预测缺口短裂纹扩展寿命的方法 ,对提高缺口件疲劳全寿命估算的精确度具有一定的应用价值。实验结果表明 ,本文提出的处理方法更为简单合理     

Q700D热影响粗晶区疲劳寿命与小裂纹扩展分析

摘要：为提高焊接构件的动载疲劳寿命,以热模拟为试验手段,对Q700D高强钢进行了焊接热模拟,研究了粗晶热影响区的疲劳寿命、小裂纹扩展行为以及组织软化特征。利用Paris方程和轴向拉伸疲劳试验数据,建立了ΔKth值与模拟粗晶区疲劳寿命的对应关系,利用ΔKth值实现了快速预估粗晶区疲劳寿命。研究表明：相同应力幅值下的lgN值与ΔKth值存在一定的线性拟合关系,即ΔKth值越大,则疲劳寿命N越长。小裂纹扩展微观机理在于所形成的大角度晶界（不小于15°）对小裂纹尖端的止裂性较强,可迫使小裂纹尖端转向耗能。CGHAZ的软化与第二相粒子回熔与粗化有关,粗化的第二相粒子易萌生小裂纹,可通过提高大角度晶界抑制裂纹扩展。     

船体结构钢低周疲劳表面裂纹扩展规律

采用悬臂弯曲加载方式,以总应变范围（ΔεＴ）作为受检参数和控制参数,对船体结构钢低周疲劳表面裂纹扩展行为进行了研究,得到表面裂纹扩展速率ｄ（２ｃ）／ｄＮ与ΔεＴ的关系,提出了结构疲劳寿命指标的估算方法和表面裂纹低周疲劳扩展机制。     

GDL-1钢表面摩擦磨损及其干扰层对疲劳寿命的影响

 在不同外加拉压疲劳载荷条件下,通过对磨损层厚度的控制,研究了旋转磨损载荷作用对试样疲劳寿命的影响,并观察了摩擦磨损载荷作用下疲劳裂纹在表层和次表层的萌生、扩展过程。由于表面摩擦磨损时形成的高应变梯度干扰层的存在,改变了小裂纹的形态和扩展方向,从而对疲劳寿命有显著影响。     

复杂应力状态225Cr 1Mo钢的高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展规律

 用带预裂纹的缺口试件研究225Cr 1Mo 钢高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展规律，通过疲劳试验观察裂纹扩展寿命，应用ANSYS计算裂纹尖端应力应变分量和当量弹、塑性应变范围，利用当量J积分范围表征225Cr 1Mo 钢在复杂应力状态下的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率。结果表明：疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN与当量J积分范围ΔJf的关系不受试件缺口型式和加载应变范围的影响，用当量J积分来评价225Cr 1Mo 钢的高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展规律是有效的。     

Analyses of Pressure Requirements for Powder Compact Extrusions

Abstract

The tensile strength, fatigue crack propagation behaviour, and fracture toughness of a low-alloy sin tered steel were determined for the porosity range 11–17%. Static and cyclic strength were found to increase with density in a non-linear fashion. The pores both exerted a stress-concentrating influence and reduced the load-bearing section. The micromechanism of failure was always ductile fracture in the necks between sintered steel particles. It was concluded that the stress state at the tips of cracks subjected to static or cyclic loading was closer to plane stress than to plane strain. Retardation of fatigue crack propagation appeared to occur due to the blunting action of the pores. The presence of a wear mechanism had little influence upon fatigue crack growth rates. A companion paper (following) attempts to model the static and cyclic behaviour of the steel, based on the known micromechanisms of failure. PM/0172     

汽车零件强度、寿命与可靠性分析与模型

The elasto-plastic stress/strain behavior of an automobile rear axle was analyzed by three-dimension finite element method.Based on the stress in critical area where fatigue crack appears,the fatigue life of the welded structure was predicted using the critical shear stress plane criterion.To improve the fatigue property of the rear-axle,the welding-seam was strengthened by both pellet spraying and plasma melting,and evident improvement was experimentally illustrated.Based on the viewpoint that a complex component is also a system in the respect of reliability assessment and statistical dependence among component failures(i.e.the so call"common cause failure")is inherent for system under stochastic load environment,a system-level load-strength interference model was presented and the reliability of the rear axle was estimated as a system,instead of a component.     

Analysis and modeling of the strength, life and reliability of an automobile component

The elasto-plastie stress/strain behavior of an automobile rear axle was analyzed by three-dimension finite element method. Based on the stress in critical area where fatigue crack appears, the fatigue life of the welded structure was predicted using the critical shear stress plane criterion. To improve the fatigue property of the rear-axle, the welding-seam was strengthened by both pellet spraying and plasma melting, and evident improvement was experimentally illustrated. Based on the viewpoint that a complex component is also a system in the respect of reliability assessment and statistical dependence among component failures （ i. e. the so call ＂common cause failure＂） is inherent for system under stochastic load environment, a system-level load-strength interference model was presented and the reliability of the rear axle was estimated as a system, instead of a component.     

Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior and Cyclic Softening of P92 Ferritic-martensitic Steel

The low cycle fatigue(LCF)behavior of P92 martensitic steel was investigated under different controlled strain amplitudes at room and high temperatures(873K).The cyclic stress responses at all temperatures and strain amplitudes exhibited obviously rapid softening behavior at the early stage of fatigue life,and there was no saturated stage at high temperature.The fracture surfaces of the fatigue samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and optical microscopy.It was shown that crack initiation and propagation occurred transgranularly at both testing temperatures.A typical character was the high density crack branches or secondary cracks along fatigue striations at high temperature,which initiated from the oxidized inclusions and grain boundaries.Further investigation by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)showed that the softening behavior was attributed to the microstructure evolution during fatigue life,such as annihilation of dislocations and migration of martensite laths as well as carbide coarsening,especially for samples tested at high temperature.     

Q345R钢中微缺陷的裂纹萌生与扩展

 对压力容器与压力管道用钢Q345R在低周疲劳下微孔（[?]40～200 μm）的裂纹萌生与扩展规律进行了研究。研究表明小裂纹的萌生主要机理为滑移带启裂,并且由剪应力起主导作用。微缺陷的尺寸、应力幅等因素对疲劳寿命均有影响显著,当应力幅值较低时,微孔的尺寸对疲劳寿命有明显影响。当应力幅值水平较高时,小孔直径对疲劳寿命的影响则不敏感。微观缺陷尺寸存在临界值,当缺陷尺寸大于临界值时,疲劳寿命下降很快。在同一应力幅水平下,裂纹萌生寿命与疲劳总寿命的比值[（Nt/Nf）]与微孔尺寸没有关系,本试验的低周疲劳下约为10%～25%。     

High-temperature low-cycle fatigue behavior of K40S cobalt-base superalloy

An investigation was made on the strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue (LCF) of K40S cobalt-base superalloy at 900 °C in ambient atmosphere. The results show that K40S alloy possesses high LCF resistance in comparison with X-40 alloy. Under the testing conditions in this study, K40S alloy exhibits a cyclic stress response of initial hardening followed by softening. The cyclic stress response behavior has been attributed to dislocation-dislocation interactions and dislocation-precipitate interactions. The high response stress can lead to a large stress concentration at locations where inelastic strains of high amplitude accumulate, which account for the decreasing fatigue life with increasing strain rate. The well-distributed carbide particles are the “secondary” crack initiation sites. The secondary crack initiation relaxes the stress concentration at the crack tip, reducing the driving force of crack propagation. High-temperature LCF failure of K40S alloy results from the interaction of the mechanical fatigue and environmental oxidation.