原位自生Al_2O_3-TiC_p/Al基复合材料的热力学分析

采用熔铸法制备了原位自生Al2O3-TiCp/Al基复合材料。借助差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等测试技术,对Al-TiO2-C体系的热力学进行了详尽的分析,讨论了过量铝对Al-TiO2-C体系反应的影响。结果表明,通过控制反应温度等工艺参数完全可以获得原位自生Al2O3-TiCp/Al基复合材料,避免副产物Al3Ti和Al4C3的产生。Al-TiO2-C体系原位合成Al2O3-TiCp/Al基复合材料存在着复杂的化学反应。首先在无过量铝的情况下,Al与TiO2发生置换反应,生成了Al2O3和游离态[Ti],而后游离态[Ti]与C结合生成TiC;而存在过量铝的情况下,首先发生铝热反应生成Al3Ti,进而Al3Ti与C结合生成TiC。最终完全获得Al2O3-TiCp/Al复合材料。随着过量Al含量由0增加至70%,Al与TiO2反应生成Al2O3的反应起始温度不断降低。     

Al-TiO2-C系XD合成铝基复合材料的反应机理及拉伸性能

本文讨论了热扩散反应法制备Al-TiO2-C系铝基复合材料的反应机理及拉伸性能.热力学分析表明Al-TiO2-C系的合成反应是放热并可自发进行,反应产物中α-Al2O3生成自由能最低,热力学最稳定,当温度高于500K时,TiC优先于Al4C3生成.实验结果表明,当C/TiO2摩尔比为零时,增强体由α-Al2O3和Al3Ti组成,α-Al2O3为细小颗粒,呈偏聚状态,Al3Ti呈棒状,分布相对均匀.随着C/TiO2摩尔比的增加,Al3Ti逐渐减少,在C/TiO2摩尔比等于1时,Al3Ti基本消失,反应产物中未见Al4C3相,其拉伸性能也随之得到改善,拉伸强度和延伸率分别从273.4MPa和3%上升到350.7MPa和6%.     

Al-TiO2-B2O3-C系XD合成铝基复合材料的反应机理及力学性能

研究了Al-TiO2-B2O3-C反应系XD合成铝基复合材料的反应机理.结果表明在Al-TiO2-B2O3-C系中,当B2O3/TiO2摩尔比=0.5,C/TiO2摩尔比=0时,TiO2和B2O3分别与Al结合生成热力学稳定的Al2O3和活性Ti原子、B原子,B原子和Ti原子分别穿过各自反应层结合生成热力学稳定的TiB2,过剩的Ti原子则与Al结合生成棒状物Al3Ti;加入碳粉后,Ti原子将优先与C和C与Al的化合物Al4C3反应生成TiC,Al3Ti逐渐减少,在C/TiO2摩尔比为0.5时,Al3Ti相基本消失,力学性能得到改善,其拉伸强度和延伸率分别从266MPa和3%增加到315MPa和7%.     

Al-Ti-TiO2体系燃烧合成及其反应过程研究

利用Al-Ti-TiO2体系放热反应，采用自蔓延高温合成工艺，原位合成了TiAl基体和Al2O3颗粒，成功制备出TiAl/Al2O3复合材料。结合差热分析，通过对不同温度下反应产物相组成分析，对Al-Ti-TiO2体系燃烧反应过程进行了初步研究。结果表明，铝热还原反应是一个分步过程，先期发生的Al-Ti,Ti-TiO2反应降低了Al-TiO2还原反应的起始温度。     

新型Ti_3AlC_2-Al_2O_3/TiAl_3复合材料的组织结构与性能

利用Al-TiO2-TiC体系,通过机械球磨和反应热压制备出Ti3AlC2与Al2O3两相原位内生成增强TiAl3金属基复合材料。借助DSC、XRD、SEM和TEM研究了复合材料的反应机制、显微组织、力学性能及抗氧化性能。结果表明,球磨50h后的复合粉末经1 250℃/50 MPa保温10min烧结后可得到组织均匀细小且致密的Ti3AlC2-Al2O3/TiAl3复合材料,其密度、维氏硬度、室温三点弯曲强度、断裂韧性及压缩强度分别为3.8g/cm3、8.4GPa、658.9 MPa、7.9 MPa·m1/2和1 742.0 MPa,1 000℃的高温压缩强度为604.1 MPa。Ti3AlC2-Al2O3/TiAl3复合材料的增韧机制主要包括Ti3AlC2和Al2O3颗粒的剥离、Ti3AlC2相导致的裂纹偏转和桥接以及Ti3AlC2颗粒的变形及层裂。Ti3AlC2-Al2O3/TiAl3复合材料在700~1 000℃温度区间内生成的氧化层虽不致密,但仍表现出优异的抗高温循环氧化性能。     

添加TiC和Ti3AlC2对燃烧合成Ti3AlC2粉体的影响

Ti、Al、C和TiC组成的Ti:Al:C=3:1.1:1.8（摩尔比）体系的燃烧合成实验结果表明，当在体系中未加入TiC时，得到的主要是TiC，但加入TiC后燃烧合成产物主要是Ti3AlC2，且Ti3AlC2量随TiC加入量的增加而增加，随燃烧反应体系温度的降低而增加；加入晶种Ti3AlC2有利于合成Ti3AlC2相物质。     

添加物对Al2O3-TiC/Ti（C,N）系陶瓷复合材料组织和性能的影响

Al2O3-TiC/Ti(C,N)系陶瓷复合材料具有广阔的应用前景,但综合性能还有待进一步改善。分析讨论了TiC/Ti(C,N)主要成分含量对组织性能的影响,综述了Cr2O3、Y2O3、ZrO2等化合物添加物和Fe、Al、Co、Ni、Mo等金属添加物对Al2O3-TiC/Ti(C,N)系陶瓷复合材料中组织和性能影响的研究结果,并比较分析了其各自的特点。     

CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂吸附CO2的性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了以γ-Al2O3为载体的CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂,并在自制吸附剂评价装置上,研究了不同CaO负载量对CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂吸附性能的影响。利用XRD及BET对CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂的物相及结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂对CO2有较好的吸附性能,并且CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂的比表面积、孔容随着CaO负载量的增大而减小。当CaO的负载量为25%(wt,下同)时,CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂的静吸附容量达到最大值,4.95mol/kg。     

Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3/CoFe2O4叠层复合陶瓷的制备与磁电耦合效应研究

以CoFe2O4压磁体、掺CuO和CeO2助烧剂的压电体Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3为基本叠层材料,采用界面固相熔融渗透法制备了掺助烧剂Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3-CoFe2O4叠层复合陶瓷。叠层复合陶瓷的压电压磁相叠层界面结合良好。随着压磁相与压电相厚度比比率的增加,叠层复合陶瓷的饱和磁致伸缩系数–λ从67×10-6增加到134×10-6、压电系数d33从340 pC/N逐渐减小到205 pC/N;磁电耦合系数先增大后减小,在厚度比为2、外磁场为100 mT时得到最大值3200 mV/(cm.mT)。     

不同铝含量对Ti-Al-C系燃烧合成Ti3AlC2粉体的影响

采用Ti、Al、C和TiC粉末为反应物原料,研究了Ti∶C=3∶2时,不同Al含量(12.3%~25.4%,atomic fraction)对Ti-Al-C体系燃烧合成Ti₃AlC₂粉体的影响。探讨了Al含量对燃烧合成Ti₃AlC₂的影响机理。实验表明,Al含量对Ti-Al-C体系燃烧合成Ti₃AlC₂影响较大,Ti₃AlC₂的含量随Al含量(12.3%~19.4%)增加而增加,但在Al含量为20.6%~25.4%时,却随Al含量的增加而降低。      

反应自生Al2O3-Al3Ti-Al 复合材料的抗弯曲性能

将压力铸造(Squeeze-Casting) 与燃烧合成(Combustion-Synthesis) 相结合, 利用TiO₂与Al 之间的反应, 成功地制备了金属相Al 含量不同的Al₂O₃-Al₃Ti-Al 原位复合材料系列。运用三点弯曲方法测试了复合材料的抗弯曲强度和弹性模量。结果表明: 复合材料具有较高的弯曲强度(410～ 490M Pa) 和弹性模量(156～ 216GPa) , 随着金属相Al 含量的增加, 弯曲强度开始有所升高,当A l 体积百分数超过40% 后便明显下降。而弹性模量始终呈降低趋势, 复合材料的高强度源于反应生成细小的Al₂O₃颗粒及Al₃Ti 相的增强作用。      

Microstructure and Wear Behaviour of Laser-induced Thermite Reaction Al2O3 Ceramic Coating on AA7075 Aluminum Alloy

The microstructure and wear behaviour of the thermite reaction coating produced by the hybrid laser claddingremelting on AA7075 aluminum alloy for the systems of Al-CuO-SiO2, Al-Cr2O3-SiO2, Al-Fe2O3-SiO2, and Al-TiO2-SiO2 were studied. The results of the X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis show that in all the four reaction coatings, α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 phases were present at the top surface, together with various intermetallic phases, the corresponding reduced metal and Al phase in the fusion zone. Under the dry sliding condition, the wear resistance, in terms of weight loss, of the laser-clad specimens was considerably higher than that of the untreated specimen. The predominant wear mechanism of the former specimens was abrasive wear, while for the latter, it was the adhesive wear that prevailed.     

Al-TiO_2-C晶粒细化剂对工业纯铝细化效果的影响

以TiO_2粉、C粉、Al粉为原料,利用放热弥散法制备Al-TiO_2-C晶粒细化剂,采用XRD,SEM,EDS等研究不同C与TiO_2比例的细化剂的显微组织,并对工业纯铝进行细化实验。结果表明:Al-TiO_2-C晶粒细化剂析出相为Al3Ti,TiC和Al2O3。当C与TiO_2摩尔比为1∶25~1∶20时,Al-TiO_2-C细化剂组织中Al2O3颗粒数量适中且分布相对弥散。当C与TiO_2摩尔比为1∶20,该细化剂添加量为0.2%(质量分数)时,可将工业纯铝细化到约142μm,且保温1h未出现细化衰退。     

In-situ Synthesis of Ti3AlC2/TiC-Al2O3 Composite from TiO2-Al-C System

Ti3AlC2/TiC-Al2O3 composite was synthesized by a combustion reaction in TiO2-Al-C system. The effect of the compositions in raw materials on the products was investigated. Ti3AlC2/TiC-Al2O3 composite was obtained at the molar ratio of TiO2:Al:C=3.0:5.0～5.1:1.8～2.0. The reaction path for the 3TiO2-5Al-2C system was proposed. Al3Ti, Ti2O3, TiO, and δ-Al2O3 are found to be transitional phases. Finally,Ti3AlC2/TiC-Al2O3 composite forms at ～900℃ of furnace temperature. The measured Vickers hardness,fracture toughness, and flexural strength of the nearly dense sample from 3TiO2-5Al-2C are 13.3±1.1 GPa,5.8±0.3 MPa.m1/2, and 466±39 MPa, respectively.     

Al-Ti-TiO2体系自蔓延高温合成及机理

采用自蔓延高温合成技术制备了TiAl/Al2O3复合材料,研究了原料配比对合成过程及产物特征的影响,结果表明,随着Al2O3含量的增加,燃烧温度和燃烧速度均增大,材料的致密度得到改善。Al2O3颗粒尺寸小于1μm,分布于基体交界处,有一定程度的团聚。通过差热分析研究了Al-Ti-TiO2体系反应过程,发现Al-TiO2还原较晚开始,但由于激活能低而速度较快,因此较早完成,TiAl3最早生成,但只作为中间产物存在,随后向TiAl和TiAl3相转变的过程为控制环节,其激活能也体现为总反应的激活能。     

Ti/Al2O3复合材料性能研究

本文利用放电等离子烧结技术制备了致密的Ti/Al2O3复合材料.实验结果表明,60vol%Al2O3和80vol%Al2O3的Ti/Al2O3复合材料,界面处生成少量的TiAl,使得Ti与Al2O3间的界面能大于其单个晶粒的界面能,复合材料性能随Ti含量的增加而增大;40vol%Al2O3和20vol%Al2O3的Ti/Al2O3复合材料,界面处生成脆性的Ti3Al相,使得Ti与Al2O3间的界面能小于各自晶粒的界面能,材料的性能随Ti含量的增加而降低,同时断裂的模式也发生改变,由穿晶断裂为主转变为沿晶断裂,脆性的Ti3Al相是Ti/Al2O3复合材料力学性能降低的主要原因.     

Microstructure of the Al2O3/Al2O3 Joint Brazed with Cu-Zn-Ti Filler Metal

Microstructure and interface reactions of Al2O3 joints brazed by Cu-Zn-Ti alloy were studied by using SEM, EDS and XRD. The effects of brazing temperature and Ti content on interfacial reactions and microstructure were investigated, and the action of adding Zn into brazing alloy was also studied. TiO, Ti3Al and CuTi were formed at the interface of ceramics and the filler metal, while CuTi, Cu3Ti and alpha -Cu were found in the brazing. The thickness of the reaction layer increased with increasing of brazing temperature, under the same brazing process, the thickness increased with the Ti content.     

CaO对17Ni/(10NiO-NiFe2O4)金属陶瓷的致密化及力学性能的影响

采用冷压-烧结技术制备了CaO掺杂的17Ni/(10NiO-NiFe₂O₄)金属陶瓷惰性阳极。研究了CaO的添加量和烧结温度对17Ni/(10NiO-NiFe₂O₄)金属陶瓷的物相组成、 致密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明, CaO含量在小于5.0wt%范围内, 烧结样品由Ni、 NiO和NiFe₂O₄组成。CaO掺杂对17Ni/(10NiO-NiFe₂O₄)金属陶瓷具有明显的助烧作用。当烧结温度为1250℃时, CaO掺杂量为1.0wt%的样品致密度达到最大值97.87%, 继续增加CaO掺杂量将导致材料致密度的下降。当烧结温度从1250℃提高到1350℃时, 当CaO掺杂量小于0.5wt%时, 样品的致密度随烧结温度的提高而增加; 当CaO掺杂量大于或等于0.5wt%时, 样品的致密度随烧结温度的提高而降低。提高烧结温度和添加CaO均能促进陶瓷相晶粒长大。样品在1250℃烧结时, 其抗弯强度在CaO掺杂量为1.0wt%时达到极大值为150.66MPa。     

铝电解用NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷的制备

以铝电解惰性阳极为应用目标，制备了不同金属相(Cu—Ni)含量的Ni-Cu／NiFe2O4金属陶瓷，研究了烧结气氛、温度和保温时间对其性能的影响，解决了烧结过程中氧化物陶瓷的离解和金属相被氧化的问题，比较了不同烧结条件下所得试样的基本物理参数，找到了较优的Ni—Cu／NiFe2O4金属陶瓷制备工艺。结果表明：Cu／NiFe2O4金属陶瓷的金属相中添加15wt％ Ni后，可以提高金属相的液相线温度，改善金属相对NiFe2O4陶瓷相的润湿性能，从而可在保证金属相不溢出且分布均匀的前提下，大大提高金属陶瓷的烧结温度和保温时间，显著提高金属陶瓷的致密度，进而改善金属陶瓷惰性阳极的耐腐蚀性能和导电性能。     

Preparation and mechanical properties of Al2O3 reinforced by submicrometer Co particles

Al2O3/Co composites were fabricated by vacuum hot-pressing a mixture of -Al2O3 powder and a fine cobalt powder. Submicron-sized cobalt particles were uniformly dispersed into the Al2O3 matrix, and the dispersed type was a more inter-/intragranular one with increases of cobalt content up to 40 wt% Co addition. The growth of cobalt particles occurred with increasing cobalt content. At 50 wt% Co addition, however, the growth as well as coalescence of cobalt particles occurred. The phases formed in the Al2O3/Co composites were f-Co(fcc), h-Co(hcp), -Al2O3, and a small amount of graphite. Significant improvements in bending strength (from 341 to 771 MPa) and fracture toughness (from 3.7 to 6.7 MPam1/2) of the Al2O3/40 wt% Co(23 vol% Co) composite compared to monolithic Al2O3 were achieved by dispersing submicron-sized Co particles into the Al2O3 matrix. The improvement in bending strength was attributed to the compressive thermal residual stress in the matrix Al2O3 induced by the mismatch of the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between the matrix Al2O3 grains and cobalt particles during cooling from hot-pressing temperature. The fracture toughness of the composite was enhanced by crack bridging, crack deflection, and compressive thermal residual stress.