字典学习中字典尺度对DICOM图像压缩的影响

随着医院数字化医疗进程的加快,医学影像的数据量日益增大,医学影像资料的存储空间和获取速度受到很大的限制。文章在研究主流字典学习算法基础上,提出使用不同尺度的MOD、K-SVD、ILS-DLA、RLS-DLA字典算法对DICOM图像进行压缩存储,以及恢复再现的方法。与经典的JPEG和JPEG2000压缩算法相比,字典学习算法压缩和恢复效果较好,特别是采用较小尺度的字典时,压缩效果更为突出:当压缩比为20时,采用4×4尺度的RLS-DLA字典,论文算法的峰值信噪比(PSNR)较JPEG算法高出7.8dB,比JPEG2000算法高出1dB。     

适于空间TDICCD相机图像压缩的JPEG2000比特平面编码器

针对目前JPEG2000中最优截断嵌入式块编码器硬件实现效率低且占用大量资源问题,本文提出一种适于空间TDICCD相机图像压缩的JPEG2000比特平面编码器（BPC）。本文提出的BPC结构思想是基于数据路径详细分析来获得上下文窗口的。另外,使用自主研发的地面检测设备对采用本文提出的BPC结构设计的JPEG2000图像压缩系统进行实验。实验结果表明,使用本文提出的BPC结构CCD图像压缩系统可以稳定可靠地工作,BPC具有较高的工作性能,工作频率达到75MHz。压缩系统与传统方法相比较,平均PSNR提高了0.91dB。非常适于空间TDICCD相机的应用。     

A broad-band VHF mixer exhibiting high image rejection over a multidecade baseband frequency range

Image-suppressing frequency converters operating over greater than octave RF and LO input bandwidths in the VHF frequency range are described. The devices, designed for RF to video conversion, exhibit very flat conversion loss response and greater than 34 dB rejection of the undesired sideband at any baseband frequency between 186 kHz and 50 MHz.     

SAW倒相/色散换能器宽带信号产生与处理研究

报道了一种基于声表面波(SAW)技术实现的宽带信号产生与处理器件。器件创新性地采用倒相叉指换能器(PRT)与色散叉指换能器(DIDT)声直耦合结构,实现了器件25%超大相对带宽下的高压缩主副瓣比(35dB)和满足系统使用要求的插入损耗(34dB)等性能指标。     

A 60-GHz Phased Array Receiver Front-End in 0.13-$mu {hbox{m}}$ CMOS Technology

This paper presents a fully integrated dual-antenna phased-array RF front-end receiver architecture for 60-GHz broadband wireless applications. It contains two differential receiver chains, each receiver path consists of an on-chip balun, ag_m-boosted current-reuse low-noise amplifier (LNA), a sub-harmonic dual-gate down-conversion mixer, an IF mixer, and a baseband gain stage. An active all-pass filter is employed to adjust the phase shift of each LO signal. Associated with the proposed dual conversion topology, the phase shift of the LO signal can be scaled to one-third. Differential circuitry is adopted to achieve good common-mode rejection. The g_m-boosted current-reuse differential LNA mitigates the noise, gain, robustness, stability, and integration challenges. The sub-harmonic dual-gate down-conversion mixer prevents the third harmonic issue in LO as well. Realized in a 0.13-mum 1P8M RF CMOS technology, the chip occupies an active area of 1.1 times 1.2 mm². The measured conversion gain and input P1 dB of the single receiver path are 30 dB and -27 dBm , respectively. The measured noise figure at 100 MHz baseband output is around 10 dB. The measured phased array in the receiver achieves a total gain of 34.5 dB and theoretically improves the receiver SNR by 4.5 dB. The proposed 60 GHz receiver dissipates 44 mW from a 1.2 V supply voltage. The whole two-channel receiver, including the vector modulator circuits for built-in testing, consumes 93 mW from a 1.2 V supply voltage.     

Frequency-Selective Predistortion Linearization of RF Power Amplifiers

This paper presents a frequency-selective RF vector predistortion linearization system for RF multicarrier power amplifiers (PAs) affected by strong differential memory effects. Differential memory effects can be revealed in two-tone experiment by the divergence for increasing tone-spacing of the vector Volterra coefficients associated with the lower and upper intermodulations tones. Using large-signal vector measurement with a large-signal network analyzer, a class-AB LDMOS RF PA is demonstrated to exhibit a strong differential memory effect for modulation bandwidth above 0.3 MHz. New frequency-selective RF and baseband predistortion linearization algorithms are proposed to separately address the linearization requirements of the interband and inband intermodulation products of both the lower and upper sidebands. Theoretical verification of the algorithms are demonstrated with Matlab simulations using a Volterra/Wiener PA model with memory effects. The baseband linearization algorithm is next implemented in a field-programmable gate array and experimentally investigated for the linearization of the class-AB LDMOS PA for two carrier wideband code-division multiple-access signals. The ability of the algorithm to selectively linearize the two interband and four inband intermodulation products is demonstrated. Adjacent channel leakage ratio of up to 45 dBc for inband and interband are demonstrated experimentally at twice the typical fractional bandwidth.     

Compression Quality Prediction Model for JPEG2000

A compression quality prediction model is proposed for grey images coding with JPEG2000. With this model, the compression quality (PSNR) could be estimated according to the given compression ratio (CR) and the image activity measures (IAM) without coding images. The image activity measure is the weighted sum of the IAM values based on the 1-pixel-distance and 2-pixel-distance gradients along horizontal and vertical directions. We have shown that IAM is a function of the image variance and autocorrelation coefficients. Based on Shannon's rate-distortion theorem, a theoretical justification is provided for the correlation of IAM with PSNR. Experimental results show that the prediction error is lower than 1 dB for more than 70% sample images when CR is higher than 15. The prediction error is less than 2 dB for over 90% images. This prediction performance is acceptable for general applications.      

一种宽带接收射频前端设计与实现

本文设计了一种超外差架构的超宽带接收射频前端,工作频段覆盖400MHz~2000MHz,接收增益50dB,噪声系数小于6dB,中频输出频率70MHz,输出1dB压缩点大于18dBm,输出三阶交调节点大于30dBm,瞬时态范围大于55dB,测试结果和仿真结果基本一致,符合设计预期.     

Predicting target displacements using ultrasound elastography and finite element modeling

Soft tissue displacements during minimally invasive surgical procedures may cause target motion and subsequent misplacement of the surgical tool. A technique is presented to predict target displacements using a combination of ultrasound elastography and finite element (FE) modeling. A cubic gelatin/agar phantom with stiff targets was manufactured to obtain pre- and post-loading ultrasound radio frequency (RF) data from a linear array transducer. The RF data were used to compute displacement and strain images, from which the distribution of elasticity was reconstructed using an inverse FE-based approach. The FE model was subsequently used to predict target displacements upon application of different boundary and loading conditions to the phantom. The influence of geometry was investigated by application of the technique to a breast-shaped phantom. The distribution of elasticity in the phantoms as determined from the strain distribution agreed well with results from mechanical testing. Upon application of different boundary and loading conditions to the cubic phantom, the FE model-predicted target motion were consistent with ultrasound measurements. The FE-based approach could also accurately predict the displacement of the target upon compression and indentation of the breast-shaped phantom. This study provides experimental evidence that organ geometry and boundary conditions surrounding the organ are important factors influencing target motion. In future work, the technique presented in this paper could be used for preoperative planning of minimally invasive surgical interventions.     

Multielement synthetic transmit aperture imaging using temporal encoding

A new method to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of synthetic transmit aperture imaging is investigated. The approach utilizes multiple elements to emulate a spherical wave, and the conventional short excitation pulse is replaced by a linear frequency-modulated (FM) signal. The approach is evaluated in terms of image quality parameters in comparison to linear array imaging. Field II simulations using an 8.5-MHz linear array transducer with 128 elements show an improvement in lateral resolution of up to 30% and up to 10.75% improvement in contrast resolution for the new approach. Measurements are performed using our experimental multichannel ultrasound scanning system, RASMUS. The designed linear FM signal obtains temporal sidelobes below -55 dB, and SNR investigations show improvements of 4-12 dB. A 30 mm (approximately 45%) increase in penetration depth is obtained on a multitarget phantom with 0.5 dB/[cm MHz] attenuation. Furthermore, in vivo images of the abdomen are presented, which demonstrate the clinical application of the new approach.     

基于KL与小波联合变换的多光谱图像压缩

鉴于卫星拍摄的遥感图像的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率越来越高,在一些应用中,常会对多光谱图像进行压缩。为了提高多光谱图像的压缩质量,提出了联合相位相关和仿射变换的图像配准方法,有效提高了图像谱段之间的相关性。针对多光谱图像压缩,提出了结合Karhunen-Love,KL变换去除谱间相关和嵌入式二维小波编码方法。相比JPEG2000谱段图像独立压缩方法,提出方法解压图像的Peak Signal to Noise Ratio,PSNR值平均提高2.1 dB。实验结果表明:所提出的方法能在相同的压缩率下获得比JPEG2000谱段图像独立压缩方法更好的图像质量。     

三阶级联复数有源RC带通滤波器

采用0.18μmCMOS工艺设计了一款应用在无线传网中的三阶级联有源RC复数带通滤波器,同时设计了自动频率调谐电路(AFT)。该滤波器采用的是切比雪夫逼近函数予以实现。在5比特数字控制码开关电容阵列的控制下,AFT电路即可完成对主体滤波器电路频率变化的校正。仿真结果显示,滤波器的中心频率稳定在2MHz,通带带宽为2MHz,镜像抑制比大于34dB,相邻信道阻带衰减大于34dB,通带纹波小于1dB,消耗电流为2.3mA,工作电源电压为1.8V。     

AsAP: An Asynchronous Array of Simple Processors

An array of simple programmable processors is implemented in 0.18 mum CMOS and contains 36 asynchronously clocked independent processors. Each processor occupies 0.66 and is fully functional at a clock rate of 520-540 MHz at 1.8 V and over 600 MHz at 2.0 V. Processors dissipate an average of 32 mW under typical conditions at 1.8 V and 475 MHz, and 2.4 mW at 0.9 V and 116 MHz while executing applications such as a JPEG encoder core and a fully compliant IEEE 802.11 a/g wireless LAN baseband transmitter.     

Analysis and Design of a Dynamic Predistorter for WCDMA Handset Power Amplifiers

This paper presents a dynamic predistorter (PD), which linearizes the dynamic AM-AM and AM-PM of a wideband code division multiple access handset power amplifier (PA). The dynamic PD allows an adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACPR) improvement of 15.7 dB, which is superior to conventional PDs that linearize static AM-AM and AM-PM. The dynamic PD was designed using an HBT generating nonlinearity, a short circuit at the baseband (les4 MHz), and a load circuit for the HBT at the RF fundamental band (ap1.95 GHz). Volterra-series analysis was performed to understand the mechanism of the dynamic PD. The analysis revealed that the short circuit at the baseband enabled the dynamic PD generating third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) with opposite phase to the fundamental tone (i.e., antiphase IMD3). The antiphase IMD3 allows dynamic gain compression, which linearizes the dynamic gain expansion of a PA with low quiescent current. The analysis also revealed that the IMD3 amplitude of the dynamic PD can be adjusted by load impedance at the RF fundamental band, which enables the gradient of dynamic AM-AM and AM-PM to be optimized to linearize the PA. The fabricated two-stage InGaP/GaAs HBT PA module with the dynamic PD exhibited an ACPR of -40 dBc and a power-added efficiency of 50% at an average output power of 26.8 dBm with a quiescent current of 20 mA     

Ku波段高性能声体波微波延迟线的设计与优化

通过优化换能器拓扑结构、腔体结构和可调的微带匹配网络设计,研制出中心频率14 000 MHz、带宽1 500 MHz及延迟时间0.5 μs的Ku波段声体微波延迟线.该产品的插入损耗为-56 dB,直通抑制大于45 dB,三次渡越抑制大于55 dB,产品综合性能指标优异.     

Rayleigh backscatter effects on 1550-nm CATV distribution systemsemploying optical amplifiers

We analyzed the applicability of externally modulated 1550-nm laser transmitters for trunking and distribution of AM CATV channels using power and in-line EDFA's. The distribution of multiple AM CATV channels over long fiber spans is degraded by the presence of Rayleigh backscatter-induced low-frequency interferometric noise. When the laser source is modulated externally, the low-frequency interferometric noise is mixed and translated around the AM carriers. Furthermore, when isolators are not used with the optical amplifiers, the low end of the broadcast channels could be severely degraded due to doubly amplified Rayleigh backscatter. Employing narrow-linewidth semiconductor or Nd:YAG laser sources at the transmitter will lower the tail of the low-frequency interferometric noise level but will increase the translated noise peak level at each AM carrier. Therefore, the standard CNR measurement techniques, which assumes the noise spectrum is flat, may not reveal the correct video picture quality seen at the customer premises. In this analysis, we compared NCTA RF CNR and baseband video SNR results using CCIR recommended unified weighting filter. We determined that for laser linewidth less than 1 MHz and with long fiber spans, baseband video SNR as opposed to RF CNR measurements should be used to characterize the performance of AM-VSB CATV broadcast distribution systems. Finally, an experimental 78-channel AM-VSB CATV distribution system is constructed employing two EDFA's simulating head-end and hub sites and we compared RF CNR and baseband video SNR measurements using a 700-kHz linewidth externally modulated 1550-nm DFB transmitter     

JPEG2000 - choices and tradeoffs for encoders

A new and improved image coding standard, called JPEG2000, has been developed. JPEG2000 is the state-of-the-art image coding standard that results from the joint efforts of the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the International Telecommunications Union. In this article, we describe the most important parameters of this new standard and present several "tips and tricks" to help resolve the design tradeoffs that JPEG2000 application developers are likely to encounter in practice. The new standard outperforms the older JPEG standard by approximately 2 dB of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) for several images across all compression ratios. The JPEG2000's superiority from the previous standard largely depends on the standard's security aspects, interactive protocols and application program interfaces for network access, wireless transmission, wavelet transform, and embedded block coding with optimal truncation (EBCOT).     

基于ADV202的JPEG2000实时图像解压缩系统

JPEG2000是ISO/ITU-T既推出JPEG静态图像压缩标准后推出的有一种高效能图像压缩标准。JPEG2000相比JPEG压缩算法,具有更高的压缩比,更高的图像压缩质量,其特有的具有图像多分辨率的特点,使其适合多种应用场合。在对JPEG2000压缩标准作了简介后,针对ADV202芯片提出了JPEG2000压缩解压缩实现方案。该实现方案,具有体积小、功耗低、成本低、调试简单的特点。     

All-Optical Demultiplexing of WLAN and Cellular CDMA Radio Signals

Subcarrier multiplexed transmission of multimedia radio signals over fiber is often done to deliver broadband services cost effectively. These signals need to be demultiplexed, preferably in the optical domain, to avoid loss and noise due to optical-to-electrical conversion. However, it is challenging to optically isolate signals at subgigahertz range due to the need for very narrow optical bandpass filters with high selectivity and low insertion loss and distortion. We developed such a novel subpicometer all-optical bandpass filter by creating a resonance cavity using two closely matched fiber Bragg gratings. This filter has a bandwidth of 120 MHz at -3 dB, 360 MHz at -10 dB, and 1.5 GHz at -20 dB. Experimental results show that this filter optically separates two RF signals spaced as close as 50 MHz without significant distortion. This paper analytically and experimentally investigates the scenario when this filter was used with 2.4-GHz (wireless local area network) and 900-MHz (cellular wireless) radio signals. The bit-error rate of the underlying baseband data is related to the linearity and isolation of the filter.     

带有小型化Balun的C波段单片GaAs pHEMT单平衡电阻性混频器

 本文介绍了一种带有小型化无源Balun的C波段单片GaAs pHEMT单平衡电阻性混频器.Balun 采用集总—分布式结构,使其长度与常用λ/4耦合线Balun相比缩小了11倍,大大降低了将无源Balun应用于C波段单片集成电路中所需的芯片尺寸.混频器采用单平衡电阻性结构,在零功耗的情况下实现了良好的线性和口间隔离性能.测试结果显示,在固定中频160MHz,本振输入功率0dBm条件下,在3.5~5GHz RF频带内,最小变频损耗为8.3dB,1dB压缩点功率为8.0dBm,LO至IF之间的隔离度为38dB.