Hydrogen-Oxygen MHD Generator Applied to Pulsed Power Required in Nuclear Fusion Research

Designs of large test facilities of nuclear fusion research succeeding the current large Tokamaks such as TFTR, JET and JT-60 show that huge pulsed power is required to operate the new test facilities; 700 MW for 10 s to excite poloidal coils. The present paper proposes three steps of application of MHD power generation to fusion to provide such large pulsed power. The first step is to design and construct a small scale MHD generator which excites the Demo poloidal superconducting magnet (SCM) coil being under construction in JAERI. The operating current is 30 kA with the stored energy of 40 MJ. As the working gas of MHD generator, H2-02 combustion product is selected, seeded with 5%K. The second and third steps are to construct an intermediate MHD channel of 100 MWe and a large channel of 800 MWe. Much improved designs are obtained in the present study, compared with the previous designs. For the large 800 MW generator, the maximum magnetic field becomes 3.5 T with the load current of about 100 kA, while the stored energy in the MHD magnet is estimated to be less than 0.5 GJ which is much smaller than 5~8 GJ of planned poloidal coils. The small MHD channel designed for the Demo poloidal coil is 4 m long with the peak field of 1.8 T. The cryogenic magnet can be self-excited within 20 s. The Demo poloidal coil is charged in about 4 s.     

用于可编程脉冲电源的新型波形发生器及显示器研究

针对中国散裂中子源(CSNS)工程快循环同步加速器(RCS)注入系统涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源的需求,设计了一种采用FPGA+DSP结构的高速数字采集与处理系统实现可编程脉冲电源给定波形的产生与输出电流的探测显示。通过研究DSP与上位机基于UDP协议的千兆以太网通讯、DSP与FPGA间高速串行接口技术的数据传输方式,使电源实现了在线实时输出任意波形脉冲电流和显示电源的输出电流波形,为任意波形发生器及显示器的设计提供了新方法。     

强流脉冲中性源的等离子体发生器电源

本文叙述了强流脉冲中性源等离子体发生器电源的特殊要求,给出了用于7×35cm~2大面积源的灯丝电源和弧流电源的主电路。     

A High Power Semiconductor Switch RSD for Pulsed Power Applications

High power switch is one of the most important components in pulsed power technology. The RSD （Reversely Switched Dynistor）, turned on by a thin layer of an electron-hole plasma, is a high power semiconductor switch. In this study, the RSD turn-on conditions were investigated by numerical analysis and device simulation as well as the experiments conducted to validate the turn-on conditions. A design of a triggering high-voltage RSD is presented based on a saturable transformer.     

A 7 T Pulsed Magnetic Field Generator for Magnetized Laser Plasma Experiments

A pulsed magnetic field generator was developed to study the effect of a magnetic field on the evolution of a laser-generated plasma.A 40 kV pulsed power system delivered a fast(~230 ns),55 kA current pulse into a single-turn coil surrounding the laser target,using a capacitor bank of 200 nF,a laser-triggered switch and a low-impedance strip transmission line.A one-dimensional uniform 7 T pulsed magnetic field was created using a Helmholtz coil pair with a 6 mm diameter.The pulsed magnetic field was controlled to take effect synchronously with a nanosecond heating laser beam,a femtosecond probing laser beam and an optical Intensified Charge Coupled Device(ICCD) detector.The preliminary experiments demonstrate bifurcation and focusing of plasma expansion in a transverse magnetic field.     

脉冲X光机的光源特性参数研究

采用模拟计算和实验测量相结合的方法对瑞典Scandiflash AB公司的脉冲X光机的光源特性参数进行详细研究。基于MCNP5编写蒙特卡罗程序对脉冲X光机的二极管进行建模,并模拟计算X射线的能谱分布;采用热释光剂量计对X光源的剂量进行监测,获得了单个阳极丝寿命期内的剂量数据;用闪烁探测器对脉冲X光机产生的X射线进行测量,获得了X光源的强度分布、脉冲半宽度、抖动规律等。     

High Power Cockcroft-Walton Generator

To utilize the full current capability of the regular or symmetrical cascade generator, the conventional selenium rectifiers have to be replaced by a series-connection of silicon diodes which are rather sensitive to overvoltages and overcurrents. The problem of the application and protection of silicon diodes in high voltage generators had to be overcome in connection with the design of an air-insulated 770-kV dc power supply with a rated current of 180 mA dc for the ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA, LTD., Chalk River, Ontario and also for a 2 MV, 30 mA test facility.     

脉冲中子发生器高压控制系统的自动控制设计

针对在研制脉冲中子全谱测井仪过程中传统高控系统难以对不同测井模式产生多种阳极控制时序,难以达到阳极高压、灯丝供电、靶压三者的有序的控制使中子产额稳定的要求。设计本脉冲中子发生器自动控制系统能够实现阳极高压双爆发时序,能在非弹模式下兼测得Σ及活化谱;本系统还能实现中子发生器多种状态的实时测量,靶压的PWM控制,灯丝电流的自动控制使中子产额稳定达到脉冲中子全谱稳定测量的目的。     

脉冲堆功率分布及绝对功率的测量

本文简要介绍了在脉冲堆零功率实验装置上,利用“中子通量自动测量装置”进行的功率分布、中子通量不均匀系数和绝对功率的测量工作。     

脉冲堆零功率物理实验

本文介绍了脉冲堆堆外零功率物理实验装置,给出了净堆临界实验、反应性、中子通量分布和动态参数等的测量结果。为验证脉冲堆物理计算方法提供了一套较完整的实验数据,并为大堆安全运行提供了必不可少的运行参数。     

西安脉冲堆功率调节系统

西安脉冲堆功率调节系统具有“自动”方式和“方波”方式的调节功能。由于驱动机构的传动部件首次采用步进电机,设计了满足步进电机运行特点的控制棒驱动电源。试验结果表明,系统的核功率最大调节偏差<±5%定值功率,过渡过程时间<10秒,具有响应快、超调小、精度高等优点。     

脉冲堆功率调节系统仿真研究

用自主研制开发的脉冲堆功率调节系统仿真程序研究了脉冲堆功率调节系统的动态特性,并用计算得到的方波特性与脉冲堆的实测结果进行了比较,两者具有良好的一致性。     

脉冲堆功率调节系统动态特性分析

脉冲堆功率调节系统动态特性的分析,对调节系统的优化设计很重要,对脉冲堆功率调节系统的调试和运动也很有参考价值。本文给出了脉冲堆功率调节系统动态特性仿真结果,并给予简要分析。     

用神经网络刻度脉冲堆功率

神网络是一种模拟人脑结构和功能的信息处理系统，作者将其应用于刻度脉冲堆功率，获得满意结果。其主要特点是：刻度精度高，容错能力强，有实时刻度的能力。     

核电厂3A蒸汽发生器海陆运输综述

蒸汽发生器是核电厂的重大核心设备,制造完成后的运输过程很关键。核电设备有其独特的运输要求,而远洋运输包括的环节多,过程控制非常重要,货轮和航线的选择,设备的固定、铺垫、捆扎,加速度及充氮控制、运输过程控制、装船、过驳及卸船装车等环节都需要详细考虑并严格控制。     

Preliminary Experiments on Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Reactor with Pulsed Neutron Generator in Kyoto University Critical Assembly

A series of preliminary experiments on an accelerator-driven subcritical reactor (ADSR) with 14 MeV neutrons were conducted at Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA) with the prospect of establishing a new neutron source for research. A critical assembly of a solid-moderated and -reflected core was combined with a Cockcroft-Walton-type accelerator. A neutron shield and a beam duct were installed in the reflector region for directing as large a number as possible of the high-energy 14MeV neutrons generated by deuteron-tritium (D-T) reactions to the fuel region, since the tritium target is located outside the core. And then, neutrons (14MeV) were injected into a subcritical system through a polyethylene reflector. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the neutron design accuracy of the ADSR with 14MeV neutrons and to examine experimentally the neutronic properties of the ADSR with 14MeV neutrons at KUCA. The reaction rate distribution and the neutron spectrum were measured by the foil activation method for investigating the neutronic properties of the ADSR with 14 MeV neutrons. The eigenvalue and fixed-source calculations were executed using a continuous-energy Monte Carlo calculation code MCNP-4C3 with ENDF/B-VI.2 for the subcriticality and the reaction rate distribution, respectively; the unfolding calculation was done using the SAND-II code coupled with JENDL Activation Cross Section File 96 for the neutron spectrum. The values of the calculated subcriticality and the reaction rate distribution were in good agreement with those of the experiments. The results of the experiments and the calculations demonstrated that the installation of the neutron shield and the beam duct was experimentally valid and that the MCNP-4C3 calculations were accurately carried out for analyzing the neutronic properties of the ADSR with 14MeV neutrons at KUCA.     

D-T脉冲中子发生器随钻中子孔隙度测井的蒙特卡罗模拟

利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟研究了D-T脉冲中子发生器和241Am-Be中子源产生的中子与地层的作用过程,以探讨D-T脉冲中子发生器在随钻中子孔隙度测井中的应用价值。模拟结果显示,使用这两种中子源,热中子计数均随源距增加而呈指数下降;孔隙度较小时,两者的计数差异较小,当地层孔隙度达到40%时,D-T脉冲中子发生器产生的热中子和超热中子计数均比²⁴¹Am-Be中子源高很多,其分布范围也更宽,近探测器的源距选择20～30 cm,远探测器的源距选择约60～70 cm;D-T脉冲中子发生器用于中子孔隙度测井时对地层孔隙度的灵敏度降低,而相同源距条件下探测深度几乎不变。以上结果提示,利用D-T脉冲中子发生器可以进行补偿中子孔隙度测井,在增加源距的同时既可以保证计数统计性,又可以提高灵敏度和探测深度,在随钻测井仪器设计中可以取代²⁴¹Am-Be中子源。     

A 20 kV, 5 A, 1 ns Risetime Pulsed Electron Beam Source

A 20 kV, 1 ns risetime pulsed electron beam source was developed using an extremely small gap （0.1 mm） diode driven by a sub-nanosecond risetime, 10 kV rectangular pulse generator. A beam current of 5 A was detected by using a fast response Faraday cup at a distance of 2 cm away from a grid anode. The shot to shot variation of the electron beam pulse was less than 10%.