基于Gabor多通道加权优化与稀疏表征的人脸识别方法

稀疏表征理论在模式识别中的应用引起广泛的关注。在用稀疏表征方法研究人脸识别问题中,为了使得表征系数矢量具有更为显著的稀疏性,该文提出一种Gabor稀疏表征分类(Gabor Sparse Representation Classification, GSRC)算法,该算法利用Gabor局部特征构造字典,增强算法对外界环境变化的鲁棒性。GSRC算法对所有的Gabor特征等同对待,通过进一步考虑不同Gabor特征对识别的不同贡献,该文提出了一种加权多通道Gabor稀疏表征分类(WMC-GSRC)算法,该算法通过引入Gabor多通道模型,提取不同通道的Gabor特征分别构造字典和稀疏表征分类器,在决策级执行分类器的加权融合得到识别结果。通过在ORL, AR和FERET人脸库上的实验结果验证了该文算法的有效性。     

Gabor新融合算法的维吾尔族人脸识别

针对维吾尔族人脸在遮挡和非均匀光照下导致其识别率低的问题,提出Gabor和非负矩阵在频域内融合识别的算法。首先对复杂场景中维吾尔族人脸进行预处理;然后对有遮挡的维吾尔族人脸图像进行多尺度、多方向Gabor局部特征提取,并同时在频域中对实部和虚部分别进行稀疏非负矩阵分解算法提取特征,由于局部提取的特征维数较高,因此进一步做2DPCA降维处理;最后通过支持向量机分类方法对有遮挡和非均匀光照的维吾尔族人脸进行分类识别。实验结果表明,文中识别算法对遮挡和非均匀光照时在Yale、ORL、维吾尔族人脸数据库有较强的识别效果,在识别率和鲁棒性方面有明显提高。     

一种基于Gabor小波及互协方差降维运算的人脸识别方法

针对传统的人脸识别方法对人脸图像的曝光量、表情比较敏感,并且具有较大类内离散度的缺点,该文提出一种基于Gabor小波以及加权互协方差运算的人脸识别算法。该算法首先对人脸图像提取Gabor特征,然后使用加权的互协方差矩阵对经过处理的特征图像进行降维及特征提取;最后使用最近邻分类器进行分类。在ORL数据库和AR数据库上的实验表明,该方法的降维和识别性能优于传统2DPCA及其改进算法,能兼顾维度简约性和准确性,有效地提高了识别性能。     

通用学习框架结合2DPCA的鲁棒人脸识别

针对现有的人脸识别算法由于光照、表情、姿态、伪装等变化而严重影响识别性能的问题,提出了一种基于通用学习框架结合2DPCA的鲁棒人脸识别算法。首先借助于额外的通用训练样本集进行样本的叠加以增加训练样本的数量;然后利用经典的2DPCA算法进行特征提取;最后,利用最近邻分类器对人脸进行分类并完成最终的人脸识别。在基准人脸数据库ORL、FERET及鲁棒人脸数据库AR、扩展YaleB上的实验验证了该算法的有效性及鲁棒性,实验结果表明,相比其他几种人脸识别算法,提出的算法不仅提高了人脸识别率,而且大大地减少了识别所用时间,有望应用于实时鲁棒人脸自动识别系统中。     

基于分块LBP和鲁棒核编码的人脸识别

针对人脸识别中的遮挡和姿态偏转等问题,提出了一种基于分块LBP和鲁棒核编码(Robust Kernel Coding,RKC)的人脸识别算法,简称LBP-RKC算法.该算法首先对人脸图像进行多级分块的LBP特征提取,得到图像的每一块统计直方图特征.然后,将特征投影到核空间中,在核空间中建立一个鲁棒的回归模型来处理图像中的异常值,并利用迭代重加权算法求解该模型.最后,计算测试样本的每一块核表示重构残差并进行分类识别.实验表明,提出的LBP-RKC算法在处理遮挡、姿态偏转等人脸问题时能取得很好的识别效果,同时算法效率较高.     

基于Gabor的特征提取算法在人脸识别中的应用

针对人脸识别中的特征提取问题,提出一种新的基于Gabor的特征提取算法,利用Gabor小波变换良好的提取区分能力和LDA所具有的判别性优势来进行特征提取。首先利用Gabor小波变换来提取人脸特征。然后对得到的高维特征采用PCA进行初次降维,再利用LDA实现再次降维,得到最终的特征向量。在ORL和YALE人脸库上的实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

Gabor字典及l0范数快速稀疏表示的人脸识别算法

针对光照、遮挡、伪装情况下,识别率比较低,识别时间长的问题,本文提出了基于Gabor字典及l0范数快速稀疏表示的人脸识别算法。Gabor小波提取的特征能够克服遮挡、光照等干扰对人脸识别的影响,平滑l0算法通过平滑连续函数来近似 l0范数,只需较少测量值并且较快速度便能重构稀疏信号。本算法通过提取人脸的Gabor特征、主成分分析法（PCA）降低维度,l0范数快速稀疏分类完成识别。在伪装人脸情况下,分块计算Gabor人脸特征,提高Gabor字典的形成速度。基于AR人脸数据库的实验结果表明,本算法可在一定程度上提高识别速度和识别时间,即使在小样本情况下,依然具有较高的识别率。      

基于HOG低秩恢复与协同表征的人脸识别方法

在获取到的人脸图像不完备以及人脸图像在有遮挡、光照、表情的变化或受到噪声污染时,识别率就会变得十分低,针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于HOG低秩恢复与协同表征的人脸识别算法HLRR_CRC.首先采用低秩恢复算法得到训练样本和测试样本的干净人脸图像,然后对测试样本中干净的人脸图像和训练样本中干净的人脸图像分别进行HOG特征提取,得到HOG特征向量,以此特征向量为基础,得到测试样本特征矢量的协同表示,最后,通过规则化残差进行分类.在ORL、Extended Yale B和AR数据库上进行测试,实验结果表明,本文算法对光照、噪声较鲁棒,相比于当前的人脸识别算法,本文算法在恶劣光照和噪声下的识别率平均提高29.6％.     

基于Gabor低秩恢复稀疏表示分类的人脸图像识别方法

针对含光照、表情、姿态、遮挡等误差或被噪声污染的人脸图像的识别问题,本文提出一种基于Gabor低秩恢复稀疏表示分类的人脸图像识别方法。该方法首先用低秩矩阵恢复算法求得训练样本图像对应的误差图像;然后,对每一个训练样本图像及其对应的误差图像进行Gabor变换,得到相应的Gabor特征向量,并将这些Gabor特征向量组成一个Gabor特征字典;进而,计算测试样本图像Gabor特征向量在该Gabor特征字典下的稀疏表示系数,并用该稀疏表示系数和Gabor特征字典,对测试样本图像的Gabor特征向量进行类关联重构,同时计算相应的类关联重构误差。最后,根据测试样本图像Gabor特征向量的类关联重构误差,实现对测试样本图像的分类识别。在CMU PIE、Extend-ed Yale B和AR数据库上的实验结果表明,本文提出的人脸图像识别方法具有较高的识别率和较强的抗干扰能力。     

一种基于人工神经网络的人脸识别方法

提出了一种基于BP人工神经网络的人脸识别新算法。采用积分投影与几何特征提取相结合的方法进行人脸图像特征提取,构建特征向量,利用BP神经网络分类识别。仿真结果表明,该算法应用于ORL人脸库的分类识别,仅用13个特征即可达到平均识别率99%,识别能力显著增强,同时有效地降低了所需特征维数和计算复杂度。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.