儿童图画书中的多感官体验研究

目的以儿童阅读图画书的行为特征为出发点,研究儿童图画书中的多感官体验营造方式。方法结合优秀的儿童图画书案例,从文字、图画、形态、材质这4个方面探讨多感官体验的营造方式。结论设计师可以利用文字和图画来营造时间体验、空间体验、五感体验和游戏体验,也能结合形态和材质营造空间体验、触觉体验和互动体验,使得儿童图画书更具趣味性和新奇性。     

产品设计中的触觉体验研究

目的产品触觉体验是情感化设计的重要方面,通过整理、归纳目前较为零散的触觉体验研究成果,为同行研究提供参考。方法通过对国内外相关文献的综述,讨论了触觉体验概念及其现有研究角度。首先,从用户期待视角,解析期待及期待效应的内涵,阐述期待理论及其在触觉体验中的研究现状。然后,从材质设计视角,归纳两类材质触觉体验设计研究类型,即单触觉模态与跨模态下的材质设计,并阐述层次化研究方法,以及现有研究中相应的情感与情绪层、感知维度层、物理属性层的研究内容。结论总结产品设计中触觉体验的研究现状和国内外文献。在此基础上,提出现有研究存在的不足和未来的研究趋势,为产品设计领域中的触觉体验研究指明方向。     

智能家居中的触觉交互体验

目的 触觉是人类主动感知和响应外部世界及其他个体最直接、关键的感官渠道,近年已成为交互设计和用户体验设计的热点主题。由于触觉感知维度多、传感和驱动技术多样化,以及家居环境中已存在诸多天然触觉反馈等原因,触觉交互在智能家居场景中仍没有得到充分利用。在智能家居系统逐步普及的今天,触觉交互有助于智能设备更自然地融入用户熟悉的日常生活场景中,优化用户体验。方法 基于智能家居自然交互的内涵和发展趋势,论述了触觉的自然性优势和触觉交互技术的现状,确定了家居情境下的触觉交互界面的应用基础和设计框架。结论 通过大量案例调研发现,以辨别功能为主的触觉交互可以在智能家居的控制、监测、安全和提示场景中降低成本、提高操作效率、交互自然性和用户舒适度,保留用户熟悉的家居样式和与之相关的生活方式,优化用户的智能生活体验;同时,触觉交互还可以在感官增强、情感沟通、多模态媒体等方面提出新方案和新设备,发挥触觉独特的情感承载能力,为用户拓展智能家居的沉浸体验。此外,列举了一系列助力设计师搭建触觉交互体验的设计工具。     

基于用户多维感官需求的家具意象评价方法探究

目的家具产品作为设计求解过程的成果,不仅需要具有功能性、满足使用所需,而且要满足人的情感需求,带给人身心愉悦的使用体验。分析用户对于家具产品使用体验过程的感官需求,提出基于用户多维感官需求的家具产品意象评价方法,重塑家具产品感官吸引力。方法以用户的感官体验需求为切入点,从视觉、触觉、听觉、嗅觉、心觉五个维度进行聚类分析,剖析家具产品在五觉维度上的感知特性及规律,明确用户需求与设计者间的意象匹配关系,发掘用户需求下的家具意象模型描述——建立流程,构建基于用户多维感官需求的意象描述与评价模型。结论多维感官需求在家具产品设计中起到重要作用,在家具产品中全方位融入多维感官设计符号,能够让用户在与家具的互动过程中获得全新的产品体验。     

汽车内饰品质感的感知模态研究

目的从用户感知模态出发,构建内饰品质感性意象评价模型。方法以情感设计为背景,提出了用户对汽车内饰的品质感是由直接知觉和认知意象共同构成;从感知觉特性出发,通过30名用户对6个汽车内饰皮质纹理样本质感的评价进行情感语义量化,形成皮质纹理意象感知尺度。结果从触觉单模态感知和视触觉双模态感知的角度,验证了用户不同感觉模态下对汽车内饰皮质纹理情感的感知差异。结论基于汽车内饰品质的情感设计,其核心在于对用户感知与情感之间客观联系的挖掘,以材料工艺所表现的产品造型感知质量成为内饰设计的必然趋势。     

基于消费者感性需求的产品造型材质选择方法

以感性工学理论为基础,从消费者角度研究产品造型设计中材质的感觉特性,并以手机产品材质选择为例,给出了研究过程和方法:首先选取材质要素,并运用3Ds Max制作不同材质手机三维效果图,通过产品造型材质感觉意象调查及相关筛选原则,确立材质感觉意象词对;其次,通过问卷调查获取消费者对不同材质的感性评价数据,运用对应分析方法揭示不同材质与意象词对之间的关系,分析各种材质给人的意象感觉;最后,运用最优尺度回归方法构建消费者感觉偏好模型,并进行验证。     

感官代偿下的盲人产品设计研究

目的 以感官代偿特性为出发点,借助盲人更为灵敏的听觉与触觉感官,提出一种以听觉代偿为主、触觉辅助代偿的产品设计思路,减轻盲人在使用产品时的认知负担与操作难度。方法 以感官代偿理论为指导,通过对现有盲人产品案例的调研分析,以及对盲人群体的特征、需求和代偿方式展开探讨,研究了感官代偿下盲人产品的设计,总结出感官代偿下盲人产品设计的原则与策略,以支撑和规范后期的设计实践。结论 经盲人穿衣搭配产品的设计实践验证,将感官代偿作为设计理念指导盲人产品的设计具有科学性与可行性,形成以产品功能实用性为基础、盲人用户需求为导向、多感官交互机制为手段、情感互动体验为目标的设计策略,可用于指导今后盲人产品的设计,实现盲人与产品互动的无障碍性与愉悦性,从而给予盲人丰富的心理体验与情感满足,体现出对盲人群体的人文关怀。     

多感官交互通道对智能家庭影音产品的可用性体验影响研究

目的 基于可用性体验,探究智能家庭影音产品中的多感官交互通道适配组合。方法 首先通过文献研究归纳整理智能家庭影音产品中不同感官交互通道的优势和局限性;其次采用问卷调查法获取实证研究数据,并使用探索性因子分析测试问卷信效度;最后利用基于复杂性理论的模糊集定性比较分析法(fsQCA)识别智能家庭影音产品中的多感官交互通道适配组合。结果 存在5种适配组合支持高可用性体验;存在2种组合导致低可用性体验。结论 导致低可用性体验的组合反映了单一感官交互通道的固有局限性;支持高可用性体验的组合反映了多感官交互通道组合的互补性;两类组合的发现表明多感官交互通道的适配组合,有助于改善智能家庭影音产品的可用性体验。未来研究可以基于这些发现来调查多感官交互通道适配组合,对不同用户人口统计和背景的不同影响。这将有助于拓宽多感官交互通道及其对可用性体验影响的深入理解。     

产品安全设计的感觉安全

目的当下"安全问题"越来越得到人们的重视,本文致力于从人的感觉的角度出发,探究进一步提升产品安全性的方法与原则。方法通过对产品设计中安全与时代发展关系的梳理,以及从心理学角度对人的感觉特征进行研究,探讨感觉与安全之间的关联性,然后,结合实际案例分析总结出通过感官特征来提高产品安全系数和用户心理安全感的主要方法和原则。结论提高产品安全系数和用户心理安全的主要方法有:增强视觉识别(针对视觉信号弱的产品);转化为视觉识别(针对不可见和不易被感知的抽象概念产品);结合多重感官通道进行设计。     

从设计师深泽直人的作品来谈联觉要素与通感设计

目的分析联觉要素与通感设计之间的关系,以及通感设计理论在产品设计应用中的优势。方法从联觉产生的要素与通感设计的方法出发,以深泽直人的设计作品为例进行分析,从具体实例中研究联觉要素的产生与通感设计的关系。结论通感设计利用感觉挪移、多觉叠加和意象互通,实现用户的联觉感知,调动起用户的感官给用户心理暗示,并带来新的感觉。当通感设计运用到产品设计中时,能增强产品的表现力,满足用户的多种心理需求,为用户带来更丰富的身心体验。     

Methodology selecting packaging materials combined multi-sensory experience and fuzzy three-stage network DEA model

Materials selection involves thousands of material types and evaluation parameters. Considering multisensory experience for packaging materials selection is an important trend but a difficult duty that involves uncertainty due to the subjectivity of humans. The main aim of this study is to establish a model to determine the consumer sensory experience of packaging materials as a function supporting packaging material selection development. When the consumer interacts before and after opening the packaging, vision and tactility are the foremost sensory feedback types, which are difficult to measure for fuzziness and uncertainty. Thus, given the consumer senses of vision and tactility, this paper addresses the relationship between sensory experience and packaging material properties. This is creatively formulated in three stages from the physical properties and the psycho-physical to the affective levels. The proposed approach that combines fuzzy theory and three-stage network data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to rank 12 toning lotion bottle packaging materials. It is validated that this model allows a clear decision-making basis for material selection in packaging design, and physiological signal tests provided key data to support material selection. Moreover, it realized the function of predicting physiological signal according to material properties by backpropagation neural network (BPNN).     

紫砂绞泥的活态传承及品牌创新设计策略

目的 探求紫砂绞泥工艺在当代的灵活转型与品牌化发展路径。方法 基于活态传承的视角,依据实地调研与访谈总结对当下紫砂绞泥的传承困境进行研判,并通过传统手工艺品牌塑造的成功案例,总结传承规律,提供设计启发。力求在保护紫砂绞泥工艺原真性的同时,为其当代转型提供一套切实可行、与时俱进的品牌设计策划与建设方案。结果 理论层面对现有的文化资源进行了梳理与深化,从工艺宣传、产品推广、人才输入三个维度提出紫砂绞泥品牌拓展的策略模型。实践层面以“含道映物”为文化原理构建紫砂绞泥品牌,从其艺术气质中提取视觉元素,实现了品牌标识设计与视觉应用设计的创意转化。结论 紫砂绞泥的品牌化发展具有可行性与现实意义,这项兼具精美与实用价值的传统工艺不应只是小众的标榜,它完全有潜力受到当下消费群体的追捧,但它的产业化发展目前仍然存在困难,故探讨它的品牌化发展,既能推进紫砂绞泥工艺的活态传承,又能在一定程度提升紫砂产业的整体竞争力。     

Multimodal Stimulation in a Microfluidic Device Facilitates Studies of Interneurons in Sensory Integration in C. elegans

Animals' perception and behavior involve integration of multiple sensory modalities. Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model for studying multimodal sensory integration, as it has well‐characterized neuronal circuits in a relatively simple nervous system. However, most studies based on functional imaging have only been conducted on single modal stimuli, because well‐controlled multimodal experiments for C. elegans are technically difficult. For instance, no single systems currently deliver precise stimuli with spatial, temporal, and intensity control, despite prior hypotheses that interneurons do integrate these sensory inputs to control behavior. Here, a microfluidic platform that can easily deliver spatially and temporally controlled combination stimuli to C. elegans is presented. With this platform, both sensory and interneuron activity is measured in response to mechanical and chemical stimulations in a quantitative and high‐throughput manner. It is found that the activity of command interneuron PVC can be modulated by prior stimulation both within the same and across different modalities. The roles of monoaminergic and peptidergic signaling are further examined on the process of multimodal integration through PVC activity. The approach exemplified here is envisioned to be broadly applicable in different contexts to elucidate underlying mechanisms and identify genes affecting multisensory integration.     

Investigation of kinetics of Cr(VI)-fired brick clay interaction

Fired brick clay is an excellent sorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from waste water, owing to the availability of pores and interlayer spacing. Consequently, heat treatment of brick clay significantly affects the extent of interaction between the brick clay sorbent and adsorbates. The interaction between Cr(VI), available as Cr(2)O(7)(2-), and brick clay particles fired at temperatures between 200 °C and 600 °C follows pseudo second order kinetics, and the method of initial rates leads to the estimation of the average rate of the interaction process. Kinetics modeling suggests that the mass transfer of the interaction be mainly controlled by time-dependent intraparticle diffusion, as well as immobilization of Cr(VI) species within interlayer structure of the brick clay matrix and interparticle diffusion, both of which are time-independent.     

感质理论视野下紫砂旅行茶具设计策略与实践

目的 当前国内紫砂旅行茶具存在外观同质化严重、文化内涵缺失等问题,基于此将感质理论引入紫砂旅行茶具设计中,唤醒用户与紫砂旅行茶具独特文化属性的深层情感共鸣,实现移动饮茶新体验。方法 根据紫砂艺术与旅行茶具的特性创构紫砂旅行茶具的层次,以传承紫砂文化、重塑饮茶体验、满足用户情感需求为出发点,针对现阶段紫砂旅行茶具设计存在的问题,将感质理论融入其中,从感质产品的文化意象转译、感质传递的饮茶方式创新和感质体验的主客情感共鸣三个层面进行设计策略的探索,最后以《半日闲》紫砂旅行茶具为例进行设计实践,验证其可行性。结论 将感质理论运用于紫砂旅行茶具设计中,有助于优化产品外观,提升功能体验,实现主客情感共鸣,使之成为文化传播与用户情感的纽带,从而唤起用户深层的感质体验,增强紫砂文化的互动性,为宜兴紫砂艺术行业赋能加核。     

Fibre/resin composites for aircraft primary structures: a short history, 1936–1984

The origins of composite materials, in the widest definition of this term, occurred long before recorded history and may be traced through examples of clay reinforced with wood and other natural fibres, the papier mâché of the ancient Egyptians and numerous combinations of wood with leather or metal. The technology behind some of these materials and their applications was no less ingenious than that for today's high performance structural composites, the origins of which can be pin-pointed with accuracy to the concepts and work of N.A. de Bruyne and J.E. Gordon in the late 1930s. In this article a broad-brush outline is given of the history of the development of composites for use in aircraft primary structures, beginning with gelatin and starch reinforced with cellulose fibres and ending with the invention of carbon fibres and their use as a reinforcement for epoxy resins.     

磁控溅射镀锌法显现潜手印初探

介绍了一种利用磁控溅射镀锌技术显现潜手印的新方法。考察了磁控溅射镀锌法适合显现的手印遗留客体的种类、颜色,不同遗留时间对显现效果的影响,以及手印显现率。结果显示,磁控溅射镀锌法较适于显现深色客体上的手印,且客体颜色越深,显现效果越好。对于塑料、铜版纸、铝合金、玻璃等客体上的手印有较好的显现效果,但橡胶和人造革类上的手印则无法很好显现。此外,遗留一个月内的陈旧手印显现效果均比较理想,遗留三个月的手印显现也可显出,但效果有所下降。因此,磁控溅射镀锌法对于光滑、非渗透性或半渗透性深色客体表面的新鲜和陈旧的潜手印均有理想的显现效果。     

Acoustic emission studies on the lubrication of a fibrous collagen material-leather

For thousands of years, collagen materials, such as leather, have been among the most dominant natural fibrous materials used by humans. Fatliquoring is one of the critical steps in the leather-making process, wherein oil or a lubricant is added to the leather to prevent the leather fibers from sticking together, thereby providing sufficient pliability to the leather. We have examined the feasibility of using the acoustic emission (AE) technique to characterize the degree of lubrication of leather produced with various fatliquor concentrations. In a tensile test, an acoustic transducer was contacted with the leather samples to collect their AE quantities and properties. The samples lubricated with a fatliquor concentration less than 10% showed twin peaks on the plot of hits rate versus time. This implied that a non-uniform fracture occurred in a leather structure that was not sufficiently lubricated. In contrast, a sufficiently lubricated leather structure showed a steady increase in hits rate with time until it fractured. Traditional stress-strain tests did not reflect these behaviors. Observations also showed a direct correlation between the cumulative hits and fatliquor concentration. The results of this work may provide a route to identify an adequate degree of lubrication in the leather.     

高分子鞣剂与皮胶原相互作用的研究进展

从高分子相互作用的角度综述了高分子鞣剂与皮胶原相互作用的研究现状，分析了根据聚电质理论提出的相互作用模型，进而指出了该研究的发展方向。