Pulsed Ultra High Pressure Treatments for Pasteurization of Pineapple Juice

Sinusoidal and step-pressure pulses were compared with static pressure treatments for the inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2407-1a in pineapple juice. No inactivation was observed after 40–4,000 fast sinusoidal pulses (10 cycles/s) at 4–400 sec in the 235–270 MPa range. Static 270 MPa treatments at 40 and 400 sec resulted in 0.7 and 5.1 decimal reductions, respectively. Slower 0–270 MPa step pulses at 0.1 (10 pulses), 1 (100 pulses), and 2 (200 pulses) cycles/s with 100 sec total on-pressure time resulted in 3.3, 3.5, and 3.3 decimal reductions, respectively. A comparable static pressure treatment resulted in 2.5 decimal reductions. Changing the on-pressure/off-pressure time ratio (3:1, 3:3 and 1:3) showed that treatments with longer on-pressure time, e.g., 0.6 sec on-pressure and 0.2 sec off-pressure were significantly more effective showing nearly a 4 decimal reduction in 100 sec.     

超高压和高温短时杀菌对沙棘汁品质的影响

为了筛选出适合制汁的沙棘品种,对‘中国沙棘’‘圣果一号’‘深秋红’3 种沙棘的理化品质进行比较。结果表明,‘中国沙棘’具有最高的超氧化物歧化酶（superoxidative dismutase,SOD）活力（（1 029.14±77.72）U/g）、总酚含量（（8.37±0.20）mg GAE/g）及抗氧化能力（1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力（11.04±0.27）mmol TE/100 g、铁离子还原抗氧化能力（6.06±0.32）mmol TE/100 g）。沙棘汁（经‘中国沙棘’制得,下同）经浓缩后SOD活力提高2.5 倍以上,可作为功能性产品。对超高压（high pressure processing,HPP）（500 MPa/6 min）或高温短时（high-temperature short-time,HTST）（100 ℃/15 s）处理后的沙棘汁品质进行了比较。两种处理都可以使沙棘汁中的菌落总数下降超过3（lg（CFU/mL））,且使霉菌和酵母无法检出。此外,两种处理均提高了沙棘汁中SOD的活性,其中HPP处理组的SOD活性在贮藏期间更高。两种处理均很好地保留了总酚、抗坏血酸含量及抗氧化能力,且这些品质指标在4 ℃冷藏期间同样得到很好的保留。综上,HPP和HTST处理的沙棘汁都是具有高SOD活性和抗氧化能力的产品。     

沙棘果渣总黄酮提取工艺及抗氧化活性分析

利用超声波辅助提取技术对河西走廊沙棘榨汁提油后的果渣下脚料总黄酮提取工艺进行优化,同时考察果渣黄酮提取液的还原力和清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的能力。通过单因素试验和L9（34）正交试验,得到影响黄酮得率的主要因素及其影响力大小为乙醇体积分数＞提取时间＞料液比;确定最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数60%、提取时间40 min、料液比1∶50（g/mL）;此条件下,河西走廊沙棘果渣中总黄酮提取率为2.55%,果皮渣中总黄酮提取率为0.651%,沙棘籽粕中总黄酮提取率为1.901%。当质量浓度大于0.151 4 mg/mL时,沙棘果渣黄酮提取液的还原力大于VC的还原力;沙棘果渣黄酮提取液对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基均有一定的清除作用,其对羟自由基的清除率为39.07%～42.01%,大于同等质量浓度VC的清除作用,而对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率为47.17%～60.38%,小于同等质量浓度VC的清除作用,说明沙棘果渣黄酮提取液对羟自由基有更强的清除能力。     

高静压工艺中单元操作对草莓汁饮料中抗氧化物质含量与抗氧化活性影响

研究高静压工艺中单元操作草莓浊汁饮料和清汁饮料中的主要抗氧化物质及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,蒸汽热烫1min使草莓中VC损失7.3%,花色苷损失18.82%,总酚含量没有明显变化,DPPH自由基清除能力和FRAP铁离子还原能力分别降低了8.14%和8.49%;离心后VC、花色苷、总酚、DPPH和FRAP分别损失50.64%、46.35%、49.34%、35.45%和39.72%;酶解对花色苷、VC和多酚含量及抗氧化活性均无显著影响;超高压处理后浊汁饮料和清汁饮料VC各降低7.8%和12.6%,但花色苷、总酚和抗氧化活性无显著变化。     

沙棘果汁营养成分及保健作用

综述了近几十年来国内外关于沙棘果汁中各种成分的营养价值和保健作用及其研究进展,表明沙棘果汁不仅具有巨大的营养价值还具有重要的药用价值。     

贮藏条件对超高压处理蓝莓汁酚类物质及抗氧化活性的影响

以经超高压处理（400 MPa/10 min）的鲜榨蓝莓汁为对象,研究其5周内在4 ℃、25 ℃、37 ℃贮藏条件下总酚、总黄酮、花色苷含量和抗氧化能力的变化。结果表明：随贮藏时间的延长,在以上三个贮藏温度下,总酚含量和抗氧化能力均呈显著下降趋势（p<0.05）,总黄酮含量无显著变化,花色苷含量显著下降（p<0.05）,且其降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型,其反应的活化能Ea为55.75 kJ/mol;抗氧化能力与总酚和花色苷含量显著相关。4 ℃贮藏条件下抗氧化能力与总黄酮含量无显著相关,25 ℃、37 ℃下则呈负相关。此外颜色分析显示不同储藏温度下蓝莓汁a*值、b*值、C值随贮藏时间的延长上升,L*值下降,37 ℃下贮藏4周后蓝莓汁的色差ΔE>2,已对其感官质量造成影响。由此表明低温短时贮藏有利于保持蓝莓汁中酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性。     

超高压番茄汁杀菌条件的优化研究

本研究通过响应面法(RSM)建立了超高压杀灭番茄汁中枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis)AS1.1380的二次多项数学模型,验证了模型的有效性。同时利用模型的响应面及其等高线对影响超高压杀菌的关键因子温度、压力和保压时间及其相互作用进行了深入的探讨。优化出杀灭番茄汁中6个数量级枯草芽孢杆菌AS1.1380的工艺参数为:温度33.5℃,压力469.2MPa,时间14.0min。     

Pasteurization of Fruit Juices by Means of a Pulsed High Pressure Process

ABSTRACT: The use of pulsed high hydrostatic pressure was investigated as a possible approach to stabilize foodstuffs. The objective of this article was to investigate the effect of the main processing variables (pressure [150 to 300 MPa], temperature levels [25 to 50 °C], and pulse number [1 to 10]) on the sanitation of nonpasteurized clear Annurca apple juice as well as freshly-squeezed clear orange juice. The aim of the article was the optimization of the process parameters in step-wise pressure treatment (pressure holding time of each pulse: 60 s, compression rate: 10.5 MPa/s, decompression time: 2 to 5s). The shelf life of the samples, processed at optimized conditions, was evaluated in terms of microbiological stability and quality retention. According to our experimental results, the efficiency of pulsed high pressure processes depends on the combination of pulse holding time and number of pulses. The pulsed high pressure cycles have no additive or synergetic effect on microbial count. The efficacy of the single pulses decreases with the increase of the pulse number and pressure level. Therefore the first pulse cycle is more effective than the following ones. By coupling moderate heating to high pressure, the lethality of the process increases but thermal degradation of the products can be detected. The optimization of the process condition thus results in a compromise between the reduction of the pressure value, due to the synergetic temperature action, and the achievement of quality of the final production. The juices processed under optimal processing conditions show a minimum shelf life of 21 d at a storage temperature of 4 °C.     

High Hydrostatic Pressure Pasteurization of Red Wine

ABSTRACT:  Pasteurization of low-alcohol wine using a high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) process was studied. A total of 10 mL grape wine sealed in a nylon/LLDPE bag was placed inside the HHP chamber. The pressure applied to the treatment chamber was maintained at 1000 to 3500 atm for 0 to 30 min. The effects of HHP treatments on the physiochemical properties (alcohol, pH, acidity, total sugar) and microbes (aerobic bacteria, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria) were examined. The HHP treatments had little impact on the physiochemical properties. The pasteurization effect of the HHP treatments increased with treatment pressure and time. A total of 2 different stages in the microbial inactivation were noticed when the 1st-order reaction model was used to fit the inactivation data. The inactivation rate was higher in the initial stages than in the later stages, suggesting that might be 2 different groups of the microorganisms, a more HHP-susceptible group and a less HHP-susceptible group.     

壳聚糖澄清对沙棘果汁酚类成分的影响

通过Folin—ciocalteu比色法测定和HPLC检测分析，对壳聚糖澄清过程中沙棘果汁总酚含量以及一些酚类成分的变化进行了研究，结果显示：壳聚糖澄清对沙棘果汁中的酚类物质有所影响，总酚含量降低了17．2％，澄清后果汁中的儿茶酸、阿魏酸和香豆酸组分损失，没食子酸降低87％，槲皮素减少了62．5％，绿原酸含量变化不大。     

Pectinesterase Activity and Proximate Analyses of Sea Buckthorn Juices

Three varieties of sea buckthorn fruit were harvested and pressed to obtain juices. These were analyzed for pectin methylesterase activity, moisture, nitrogen, oil, pH, total acid, and °Brix. Yields of press juice for Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. rhamnoides L. varieties Luchistaya, Prozrachnaya, and ssp. mongolica Rousi cv. Indian Summer were 68%, 69%, and 66% w/w, respectively. Differences in juice composition were found to be in moisture content, °Brix, pH, and in total acid with the Luchistaya variety having the highest acid levels and lowest pH. Pectin methylesterase (PME) was present in all sea buckthorn juices with initial activity levels of 6.8 to 14.0 μ equivalents per min per 100 g of juice at pH 8 and 23 °C. Activity was pH‐dependent with little PME activity at pH 3 to 5 and the highest activity at pH 8. The cream, pellet, and serum layers of centrifuged juices all contained PME. Heat treatment reduced PME activity in the juices by 1 decimal reduction or less.     

雪花梨汁超高压处理工艺参数优化

该研究对雪花梨汁进行超高压(UHP)处理并进行工艺优化,考察其对雪花梨汁菌落、色泽和风味的影响,为雪花梨汁非热处理技术应用及产品开发提供参考.通过单因素和响应面试验对超高压处理工艺进行优化;利用电子舌和气质联用(GC-MS)方法对超高压处理雪花梨汁的感官风味和挥发性成分进行分析,考察超高压对雪花梨汁风味的影响.结果表明...     

2种新疆沙棘中黄酮、多酚及其抗氧化活性分析

以新疆2种沙棘为研究对象,使用分光光度法、超高效液相色谱法对其黄酮(槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素)、多酚含量及抗氧化活性(DPPH自由基、铁离子自由基、还原力、总抗氧化能力、铁离子螯合能力)进行比较分析。结果表明,沙棘A黄酮、多酚含量分别为(7.02±0.19)、(5.48±0.42)mg·g^-1,沙棘B黄酮、多酚含量分别为(9.56±0.53)、(24.33±1.44)mg·g^-1,沙棘B的黄酮、多酚含量均高于沙棘A。沙棘A、B的DPPH清除率IC₅₀浓度值分别为(128.953±0.098)和(7.521±0.027)μg·mL^-1;当沙棘浓度为1 mg·mL^-1时,沙棘A的FRAP值、T-AOC值、还原力测定值和铁离子螯合测定值分别为(0.5611±0.0042)mmol·L^-1、(6.0457±0.3402)U·mL^-1、(0.2071±0.0113)和(0.3003±0.0164),沙棘B的FRAP值、T-AOC值、还原力测定值和铁离子螯合测定值分别为浓度为(0.4853±0.0067)mmol·L^-1、(4.5318±0.1553)U·mL^-1、(0.2399±0.0104)和(0.8851±0.0077);由此可见,二者抗氧化活性差别不大,沙棘B略高于沙棘A;沙棘A的槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素含量分别为(0.6708±0.0410)、(0.0788±0.0292)和(1.5814±0.0372)mg·g^-1,沙棘B的槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素含量分别为(0.9438±0.0403)、(0.1194±0.0153)和(1.0727±0.0406)mg·g^-1;沙棘B的槲皮素、山奈酚含量均高于沙棘A,而沙棘A的异鼠李素含量明显高于沙棘B。综上,沙棘B具有较高的黄酮、多酚含量及略优的抗氧化活性。     

超高压处理对不同品种猕猴桃浆多酚含量及其抗氧化活性的影响

对4种猕猴桃浆(黄心猕猴桃、绿心猕猴桃、红阳猕猴桃、聚香猕猴桃)进行超高压(500MPa,20min)处理,分析超高压处理前后猕猴桃浆中游离酚、结合酚含量及其抗氧化活性变化。结果表明:超高压处理能显著提高猕猴桃浆多酚含量(P<0.05),其中,黄心猕猴桃游离酚含量增加了78.68μg/mL,聚香猕猴桃结合酚含量提高了15.58μg/mL。DPPH自由基清除率、还原力和ABTS+清除率实验表明:4种猕猴桃游离酚抗氧化活性强于其结合酚的,超高压处理可提高其抗氧化活性,但效果不显著。     

贮藏条件对超高压处理蓝莓汁酚类物质及抗氧化活性的影响

以经超高压处理（400MPa／IOmin）的鲜榨蓝莓汁为对象,研究其5周内在4℃、25℃、37℃贮藏条件下总酚、总黄酮、花色苷含量和抗氧化能力的变化。结果表明：随贮藏时间的延长,在以上三个贮藏温度下,总酚含量和抗氧化能力均呈显著下降趋势（p〈0．05）,总黄酮含量无显著变化,花色苷含量显著下降（p〈0．05）,且其降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型,其反应的活化能Ea为55．75kJ／mol;抗氧化能力与总酚和花色苷含量显著相关。4℃贮藏条件下抗氧化能力与总黄酮含量无显著相关,25℃、37℃下则呈负相关。此外颜色分析显示不同储藏温度下蓝莓汁a·值、b＋值、C值随贮藏时间的延长上升,L＋值下降,37℃下贮藏4周后蓝莓汁的色差△E〉2,已对其感官质量造成影响。由此表明低温短时贮藏有利于保特蓝莓汁中酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性。     

超高压杀菌白萝卜汁的关键工艺研究

探讨白萝卜汁的热烫、酶解以及超高压杀菌工艺。结果表明：100℃热烫3min能使硫代葡萄糖苷酶完全失活;在酶解温度40℃、pH5.0、酶用量0.15g/L、酶解时间60min条件下,白萝卜的出汁率可达到81.48%;超高压处理对白萝卜汁具有显著的杀菌作用,且随压力的增大和处理时间的延长杀菌效果增加;经加速实验评价,500MPa处理1min可作为白萝卜汁的杀菌参数。     

超高压处理对梨汁中多酚氧化酶活性的影响

目的研究鲜榨梨汁中多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性受高压和热协同处理的影响。方法使用超高压技术单独或协同加热处理加或不加维生素C的鲜榨梨汁,测定其中PPO活性和果汁颜色。结果200～600MPa的压力处理对果汁中PPO活性影响不大,400MPa的压力对PPO有激活作用;高于600MPa的压力使PPO显著失活。维生素C在500MPa以下对果汁中PPO有激活作用,在600MPa以上或热处理结合高压时有钝化PPO的作用。随着保压时间延长和温度升高,梨汁中PPO相对活性逐渐降低。500MPa60℃或750MPa50℃以上的处理条件可使鲜榨梨汁中的PPO失去60%以上的活性,750MPa50℃的处理条件下果汁颜色变化不显著。结论梨的PPO是耐高压的酶。     

正交试验法优化沙棘籽油的提取工艺

采用溶剂法提取沙棘籽油,以沙棘籽油的提取率为目标,在单因素试验的基础上,以石油醚(60℃～90℃)为提取溶荆,选取料液比、原料粒度、提取时间为影响因素,用正交试验优化沙棘籽油的提取工艺.结果表明沙棘籽油的最佳提取工艺为:提取溶剂为石油醚(60℃~90℃),原料粒度60目~80目,料液比1:10(g/mL),温度为85℃,提取时间为8 h,此时沙棘籽油的得率为12.56%.