我国林纸一体化建设的系统思考

为进一步理清我国林纸一体化的发展思路,须深入揭示林纸一体化的理论基础、系统机理、运作模式和管理方式。本文从多个视角对我国林纸一体化问题进行系统分析,研究了林纸一体化的理论支撑、运行机理和运行模式,并提出了我国林纸一体化建设的管理建议。     

林纸一体化动力系统形成理论的研究

分析了林纸一体化的功因，提出林纸一体化的动力系统模型，并从经济学和组织学角度对林纸一体化动力系统模型作了系统阐述。指出加强林纸一体化动力系统形成理论的研究，对提高林纸一体化组织的自生力、生命力和组织活力具有积极作用。     

《我国林纸一体化现状调查报告》出版

<正>由中国制浆造纸研究院、造纸工业生产力促进中心编写完成的《我国林纸一体化现状调查报告》于近日出版。《我国林纸一体化现状调查报告》共分为10章:我国林纸一体化问题的提出;我国林纸一体化现有政策支持;我国林纸一体化重点项目进展情况;我国林纸一体化建设规模现状;我国林纸一体化基地区域建设及树种现状;我国林纸一体化林地经营模式和林声权属现状;我国林纸一体化项目资金使用状况;我国林纸一体化树种特点及其适用纸浆、纸张品种;国外林纸结合现状与经验及对我国林纸一体化建设的意见和建议。该报告共13.75万字,含47张图表。     

林纸一体化企业总体构架和运作模式的基本思路

在简要分析建立林纸一体化企业的必要性的基础上,列举了我国建立林纸一体化企业在纸品市场、造林营林技术、造纸技术装备和资金供应四个方面已具备的客观条件。进而探讨了我国林纸一体化企业的基本框架,指出按照现代企业制度新建大型林纸一体化股份有限公司,和以现有的林业企业、纸业企业为基础,组建大型林纸一体化企业集团,是实现林纸一体化的基本模式。并进一步探讨了这两类企业的运作方式。     

编后--林业政策成了大问题

云南省是国家规划发展造纸原料林基地的重要省份之一,除本刊刊发的此篇<云南省林纸一体化发展纲要>,云南省委、省政府还于2004年初出台了<加快云南林业八大产业发展的决定>,显示了云南力争成为全国最大的林纸一体化基地的雄心,计划发展到2010年,林纸产值将达到150亿元,位居云南8大产业之首.     

林纸一体化工程建设现状和发展前景探讨

自2004年我国启动林纸一体化工程建设至今,林纸一体化工程建设取得了较大成绩,为我国造纸工业的持续稳定发展作出了贡献。我国林纸一体化工程建设在技术和装备上基本达到国际先进水平,符合科学发展观。可以预计,林纸一体化工程建设在未来相当一段时期,还是会有一定的发展空间,但科学、理性发展是关键。目前社会对我国林纸一体化工程建设的认识,是今后林纸一体化工程建设是否顺利发展的至关重要因素。     

贯彻落实林纸一体规划努力推动林纸一体化发展

阐述了发展林纸一体化的战略意义,实施林纸一体化规划的宏观基础条件,提出了对林纸一体化工程建设的具体要求.     

林纸一体化工程及其几点体会(节选)

介绍了云景林纸股份有限公司林纸一体化工程情况,阐述了实施林纸一体化的经验体会.     

林纸一体化工程建设现状和发展前景探讨

一、我国林纸一体化工程发展历程 1.我国林纸一体化工程的启动及林纸体化定义 2004年国家发展和改革委员会发布《全国林纸一体化工程建设"十五"及2010年专项规划》,正式提出我国要加快发展林纸一体化工程建设的步伐以及相关具体政策措施. 林纸一体化就是打破过去林纸分离的传统管理模式,以市场需求为导向、以造纸企业为主体,通过资本纽带和经济利益将制浆造纸企业与营造造纸林基地有机结合起来,建设造纸企业和原料林基地,形成以纸养林、以林促纸、林纸结合的产业化新格局,实现经济效益、生态效益、社会效益的统一,促进经济可持续发展.     

林纸一体化共生模式探讨

结合我国林纸一体化特点和发展规律,界定了"林纸一体化共生"的内涵,对林纸一体化的共生模式进行了系统梳理和分类,探讨了营林企业、制浆企业、造纸企业和农户等基本共生单元间的二元共生机制,据此构建了4种林纸一体化的基本共生模式,并对其特点和适用范围进行了探讨。     

压延辊表面面带黏附行为的研究

工业化生产是面食制品加工的重要发展方向,压延辊是面食加工装备的重要部件,防止面带在压延辊表面黏附是面食装备高效与高可靠性运行的重要技术。为解决面带黏附问题,本文首先综述了面团粘性的产生机理和影响因素,认为面团的持水能力是调控面团粘性的一个主要因素。然后归纳了面团黏附的三种形式,着重分析了压应力对黏附效果的影响,认为压应力使面团组织致密化的同时,也显著增加了面团与界面处的真实接触面积。最后对比分析涂层的综合性能(机械性能和疏水性能),认为低表面能的无机材料是当前在压延辊表面构建防粘涂层的理想选择。     

On the value of the phenotypes in the genomic era

Genetic improvement programs around the world rely on the collection of accurate phenotypic data. These phenotypes have an inherent value that can be estimated as the contribution of an additional record to genetic gain. Here, the contribution of phenotypes to genetic gain was calculated using traditional progeny testing (PT) and 2 genomic selection (GS) strategies that, for simplicity, included either males or females in the reference population. A procedure to estimate the theoretical economic contribution of a phenotype to a breeding program is described for both GS and PT breeding programs through the increment in genetic gain per unit of increase in estimated breeding value reliability obtained when an additional phenotypic record is added. The main factors affecting the value of a phenotype were the economic value of the trait, the number of phenotypic records already available for the trait, and its heritability. Furthermore, the value of a phenotype was affected by several other factors, including the cost of establishing the breeding program and the cost of phenotyping and genotyping. The cost of achieving a reliability of 0.60 was assessed for different reference populations for GS. Genomic reference populations of more sires with small progeny group sizes (e.g., 20 equivalent daughters) had a lower cost than those reference populations with either large progeny group sizes for fewer genotyped sires, or female reference populations, unless the heritability was large and the cost of phenotyping exceeded a few hundred dollars; then, female reference populations were preferable from an economic perspective.     

Using recursion to compute the inverse of the genomic relationship matrix

Computing the inverse of the genomic relationship matrix using recursion was investigated. A traditional algorithm to invert the numerator relationship matrix is based on the observation that the conditional expectation for an additive effect of 1 animal given the effects of all other animals depends on the effects of its sire and dam only, each with a coefficient of 0.5. With genomic relationships, such an expectation depends on all other genotyped animals, and the coefficients do not have any set value. For each animal, the coefficients plus the conditional variance can be called a genomic recursion. If such recursions are known, the mixed model equations can be solved without explicitly creating the inverse of the genomic relationship matrix. Several algorithms were developed to create genomic recursions. In an algorithm with sequential updates, genomic recursions are created animal by animal. That algorithm can also be used to update a known inverse of a genomic relationship matrix for additional genotypes. In an algorithm with forward updates, a newly computed recursion is immediately applied to update recursions for remaining animals. The computing costs for both algorithms depend on the sparsity pattern of the genomic recursions, but are lower or equal than for regular inversion. An algorithm for proven and young animals assumes that the genomic recursions for young animals contain coefficients only for proven animals. Such an algorithm generates exact genomic EBV in genomic BLUP and is an approximation in single-step genomic BLUP. That algorithm has a cubic cost for the number of proven animals and a linear cost for the number of young animals. The genomic recursions can provide new insight into genomic evaluation and possibly reduce costs of genetic predictions with extremely large numbers of genotypes.     

用切线逼近非圆曲线的节点计算及图形检查

介绍一种用切线逼近非圆曲线节点坐标计算的等误差法,结合实例,借助MATLAB数学软件,绘制出刀具轨迹的仿真图.     

Determination of the uncertainty for the thermal conductivity obtained as a function of the moisture content for several foodstuffs

Many times, when an experimental result is communicated, the uncertainty is omitted, particularly in the case in which the parameter of interest is determined by curve fitting. This article presents a review study to include an uncertainty to the parameter of interest, obtained by fitting of a straight line to an experimental data set, supposing that systematic errors can be neglected. This study is applied to the determination of expressions for the thermal conductivity of food products, supposing a constant mean temperature. In this case, in general, the thermal conductivity is a linear function of the moisture content (wb). Expressions of the thermal conductivity were obtained for several foodstuffs, according to the recommendation of the International Organization for Standardization. Thus, for a given moisture content, the obtained expressions enable to determine the value for the thermal conductivity, as well as its uncertainty, for a stipulated confidence limit.     

河北省造纸工业"十一五"结构调整和发展意见

在河北省造纸工业现有的基础上,阐述了加快发展的紧迫性和重要性;分析了有利条件、机遇和挑战,提出了发展的指导思想、基本原则和重要目标,以及调整的方向和发展重点,并提出了发展的保障措施意见.     

食品检验对肉制品安全重要性分析

食品检验是发现和改善肉制品安全问题的重要保证。本文分析了肉制品检验中存在的问题,简述了几种常用的肉制品检验方法,以及目前在肉制品检验中应用的新技术,同时提出了检验中可改进的地方,展望了我国的肉制品检验技术前景。通过分析食品检验的重要性能够更好的保障我国肉制品的安全,促使肉制品行业朝着健康可持续的方向发展,使百姓吃到放心肉制品。     

Effect of different amounts of manganese in the daily food ration on the growth and development of the progeny of white rats

In doses of 7.5 to 17.5 mg/kg of body weight manganese exerts a stimulating effect on the growth and development of the albino rats progeny as well as on the general condition of pregnant and lactating rat-females. The requirement for manganese rat-females in lactating rattlings is 2--3 times as high by comparison with its content in an ordinary ration, permanent for a given organism. Introduction of manganese in doses of 30.0 and 42.5 mg/kg exerts an inhibiting action on the growth, weight and viability of newborn rattlings.     

An Objective Illustration of the Inadequacy of the Official EC “Ewers” Method for the Determination of Starch

The Ewers method for starch determination is currently the Official EEC method for measurement of starch purity. In this communication we demonstrate that the use of trifluroacetic acid for solubilisation of starch prior to polarimetric measurements is preferred over the use of mineral acids since the degree of hydrolytic degradation observed with this reagent was minimal compared to mineral acids, thereby giving improved starch purity values. Of particular concern we demonstrate that the Ewers method is non-specific in that the addition of an epichlorohydrin cross-linked dextran as an adulterant enhances the value of starch purity obtained. The Ewers method however was able to detect agarose and carboxymethyl cellulose added to starch as adulterants. It is concluded that the Ewers method is not an acceptably satisfactory method for starch purity measurement on which to base quality control or eligibility for rebate and refund schemes.     

提高假编变形丝加工效率的新方法

探索了采用加工POY、MOY、LOY和PET长丝的新概念制成的假编变形丝的特性.将定型装置安装在编织区和卷绕区之间,这样确保生产的假编变形丝具有多种特性.研究表明牵伸连续性很好,假编变形丝特性的偏差很小.