用直流溅射工艺制备的氧化铌薄膜的性能

采用直流反应溅射工艺制备了氧化铌（Nb2O5)薄膜，用XRD、AFM、AES和循环伏安等测试手段分析并研究了薄膜的组成、结构、表面形貌和电致变色性能间的关系。结果表明：在基础加热条件下可获得晶态TT－Nb2O5薄膜，沉积气压较高时的薄膜具有沿（100）面定向生长、结构相对较为疏松的柱状结构，这种薄膜具有良好的电化学稳定性，锂离子注入／抽出可逆性好，并具有灰色变色特性，在可见区（波长600nm)的透过率调制幅度为35％.     

聚合物修饰V2O5纳米复合薄膜的性能研究

近年来,利用能与锂等碱金属离子发生拓扑化学反应的V2O5、MoO3等层状氧化物的层间结构特征,将聚合物嵌入层间对其进行修饰来改善界面和层间性质,使材料呈现出许多优异的性能,对这类材料合成、结构、性能和界面行为的研究引起了人们的极大兴趣.本文采用通氧气气氛下熔融淬冷法制备V2O5溶胶,采用聚合物溶液直接嵌入的方法,用PEO(聚氧化乙烯)对V2O5层间进行修饰制成(PEO)0.5V2O5·nH2O纳米复合薄膜,并通过直流电导率测试、循环伏安法、紫外-可见光吸光光谱对其电学、电化学、光学性能进行了研究.结果表明,PEO的修饰使V2O5干凝胶薄膜的电学、电化学、光学性能都发生了较大的变化.     

核壳结构WO_3/V_2O_5纳米线复合薄膜的制备及其电致变色性能研究

采用溶剂热法在氟掺杂的锡氧化物导电玻璃衬底上成功合成制备了长度为400~2000 nm,从基底(80 nm)到尖端(30 nm)锥状塔式WO_3纳米线薄膜,进而通过电化学沉积法在WO_3纳米线表面均匀沉积V_2O_5纳米颗粒,从而得到核壳结构WO_3/V_2O_5纳米线复合薄膜。运用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等手段对复合薄膜进行表征,并运用循环伏安法、计时电流法和紫外可见光谱分析研究了该复合薄膜的电化学性能和光学性能。结果表明,与单一的V_2O_5薄膜相比,该复合薄膜的电致变色性能获得了显著增强。具有更好的循环稳定性、更大的透射率调制幅度(776 nm为67%)和更高的着色效率(776nm为13.5 cm2/C)。该法制备WO_3/V_2O_5核壳纳米结构电致变色综合性能优良,有望在隐身材料和智能变色薄膜材料等领域得到广泛应用。     

四元掺杂电致变色薄膜材料的制备及其性能的研究

用溶胶 凝胶法首次制备了组分为 WO3、TiO2、CrO3、PEO的四元掺杂电致变色薄膜材料,得到了较佳的组分配比,用 TG DTA,XRD 研究薄膜材料的结构变化,推断出最佳热处理温度。循环伏安和可见光透过率测试表明该薄膜材料有较好的电化学性能和阴极着色效应,可以作为电致变色器件中的阴极电致变色层薄膜材料。     

一维V2O5纳米材料的性质及其应用进展

本文综述了不同形态的一维V2O5纳米材料（包括纳米线、纳米棒、纳米管、纳米带）的电、磁、电化学以及光学性质，及其在传感器与致动器、场效应管（FET）、金属-绝缘体-半导体（MIS）结构、Li离子电池电极、超级电化学电容器、电致变色器件、纳米光刻模板等方面的应用，并对一维V2O5纳米材料的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

一维V2O5纳米材料的研究进展

一维V2O5是一种非常重要的纳米尺度的材料，可广泛应用于催化剂、电致变色器件、电化学、场效应管、传感器、自旋电子器件以及纳米光刻模板等领域，综述了不同形态的一维V2O5纳米材料（包括纳米线、纳米棒、纳米管、纳米带）的制备方法及其电、磁、电化学和光学性质的最新研究进展。     

中频磁控溅射NiO_x电致变色薄膜(英文)

采用中频孪生非平衡磁控溅射技术,制备了纳米晶结构NiOx电致变色薄膜。利用原子力显微镜、掠射X射线衍射、电化学设备、紫外分光光度计等测试手段分析薄膜结构及电致变色特性。结果表明:室温沉积获得表面质地均匀的NiOx薄膜;在±3V致色电压下,薄膜电致变色性能优异,对可见光透过率调制范围达30%以上,但薄膜寿命低。获得的薄膜为结构疏松的纳米晶结构,易于离子的注入和抽取,变色性能优异,但易发生Li+不可逆注入,薄膜寿命低。     

NiO/PB复合电致变色薄膜的制备及其性能研

采用水热法制备了垂直生长的氧化镍(NiO)纳米片薄膜, 并利用电沉积法将普鲁士蓝(PB)负载到NiO纳米片薄膜上, 制备了新型的NiO/PB复合电致变色薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)对样品的晶型以及微观形貌进行了表征, 采用紫外-可见光光度计以及电化学工作站对NiO/PB复合薄膜的电化学和电致变色性能进行了研究和表征。结果表明: NiO/PB复合电致变色薄膜具有多孔结构和较大的比表面积, 可以增大电解质与电极材料的接触面积。PB成功负载到NiO薄膜表面, 使NiO/PB复合薄膜表现出较大的电流密度。相比于单层NiO薄膜, NiO/PB复合薄膜表现出更好的电致变色性能, 其光调制范围可以达到46%, 着色效率为141 cm²/C, 并且其着色时间可以缩短到5 s, 褪色时间为6 s。     

NiO/PB复合电致变色薄膜的制备及其性能研究

采用水热法制备了垂直生长的氧化镍(NiO)纳米片薄膜,并利用电沉积法将普鲁士蓝(PB)负载到NiO纳米片薄膜上,制备了新型的NiO/PB复合电致变色薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)对样品的晶型以及微观形貌进行了表征,采用紫外–可见光光度计以及电化学工作站对NiO/PB复合薄膜的电化学和电致变色性能进行了研究和表征。结果表明:NiO/PB复合电致变色薄膜具有多孔结构和较大的比表面积,可以增大电解质与电极材料的接触面积。PB成功负载到NiO薄膜表面,使NiO/PB复合薄膜表现出较大的电流密度。相比于单层NiO薄膜,NiO/PB复合薄膜表现出更好的电致变色性能,其光调制范围可以达到46%,着色效率为141 cm~2/C,并且其着色时间可以缩短到5 s,褪色时间为6 s。     

MoO_(3)/WO_(3)复合薄膜的制备及其电致变色性能EI北大核心

采用水热法与电化学沉积法相结合的方式,以导电玻璃为基底制备不同MoO_(3)沉积周期的MoO_(3)/WO_(3)复合薄膜。利用电化学性能测试与光谱测试,得到了MoO_(3)/WO_(3)复合薄膜的电致变色可逆性、光密度值(ΔOD)、着色效率、稳定性和响应时间等性能参数。结果表明,电沉积8个周期MoO_(3)的MoO_(3)/WO_(3)复合薄膜与单一WO_(3)纳米棒薄膜和MoO_(3)薄膜相比具有最佳的电致变色性能,其电致变色可逆性为62.19%,光密度为0.61,着色效率为153.16 cm^(2)/C,着色和褪色响应时间分别为8.37 s和4.77 s,同时,具有更窄的带隙和更高的循环稳定性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.