薄板坯连铸连轧流程试制取向硅钢抑制剂的析出特点

 在实验室模拟薄板坯连铸连轧流程试制取向硅钢的基础上,通过大量的透射电镜观察和分析检测,得到了脱碳退火后钢中形成的析出物的情况,确定了钢中的主抑制剂为Cu2S,同时还存在少量的辅助抑制剂AlN以及以复合析出物形式存在的微量的MnS。研究了Cu2S主抑制剂在薄板坯连铸连轧流程生产取向硅钢的析出特点,分析了实验用钢中Cu2S抑制力。结果表明,Cu2S作为薄板坯连铸连轧流程生产普通取向硅钢的主抑制剂有足够的抑制能力,能够满足CGO钢二次再结晶的要求。     

采用低温板坯加热工艺生产的取向硅钢中抑制剂的研究

 对采用低温板坯加热工艺生产的取向硅钢的抑制剂析出行为进行了研究,试验结果表明,本工艺的抑制剂是在热轧阶段开始弥散析出的,热轧板、脱碳退火板和回复板析出相的抑制能力呈递增趋势。抑制剂以Cu2S为主,还有一定量的（Cu,Mn）S、Cu2S+AlN等复合析出相,AlN不起抑制剂作用。     

低温加热生产取向硅钢中MnS和Cu_2S的竞相析出

针对薄板坯连铸连轧流程(TSCR)生产具有低温加热(1200℃)抑制剂成分取向硅钢,研究了薄板坯连铸、均热以及热连轧过程中MnS和Cu2S的析出特征,研究结果表明,连铸过程形成的MnS在1180℃下难以完全固溶,并形成尺寸为200~600 nm的粗大MnS粒子,而在此温度下Cu2S可以完全固溶并在热连轧过程中细小弥散析出,平均粒子尺寸约为30 nm,可以作为取向硅钢的有效抑制剂。     

薄板坯连铸连轧流程试制含钒钛取向硅钢中氮化物析出相

通过热力学计算与模拟试验研究了含钒钛取向硅钢中氮化物析出相的析出规律与析出行为,并探讨了含钒钛元素的氮化物析出相作为薄板坯连铸连轧流程制备取向硅钢中辅助抑制剂的可行性.研究表明,在所冶炼的含钒钛取向硅钢的成分范围内,TiN在钢液凝固末期便具备析出的热力学条件,而AlN与VN只可能在凝固后的α+γ或α+Fe₃C两相区内析出.含钒钛取向硅钢中氮化物析出相以成分复杂的复合析出相为主,且随着钒钛加入量的增加,钢中抑制剂析出相总的分布密度由于含钒钛元素的氮化物析出相的增加而明显提高,使抑制剂抑制初次再结晶晶粒正常长大的能力得以加强,最终成品的磁感应强度值B₈由1.857 T提升至1.898 T.同时,加入不高于0.007%的Ti与不高于0.005%的V不会影响中间脱碳退火工序的脱碳效果以及高温退火净化阶段硫、氮的脱除效果,其形成的含钒钛元素的纳米级氮化物析出相适合作为薄板坯连铸连轧流程制备取向硅钢的辅助抑制剂.      

后天抑制剂获得法制取向硅钢析出物的转化规律

 通过后天抑制剂获得法制备了取向硅钢，对渗氮前后和高温退火升温阶段析出物的析出和转化规律进行了研究。研究结果表明，渗氮前脱碳退火态基体中存在少量的粗大AlN颗粒和细小AlN颗粒，渗氮处理后新析出大量的Si3N4析出物，高温退火升温阶段Si3N4将转化为(Al，Si)N，随着温度的继续升高(Al，Si)N颗粒将发生粗化，(Al，Si)N是后天抑制剂获得法制备取向硅钢的主要抑制剂。     

Ce对取向硅钢高温退火组织及织构的影响

针对Ce对取向硅钢高温退火后组织、织构及第二相的影响进行了探究,在实验室利用真空电弧炉熔炼了不同Ce含量的取向硅钢试样,并模拟了取向硅钢热轧、常化、冷轧、脱碳退火、高温退火。观察并测定了高温退火后组织、织构以及抑制剂的溶解和团聚情况。结果表明,添加适量Ce有利于高温退火过程中形成尺寸较大的晶粒;高温退火过程中Ce化合物并未发生溶解,而是粗化长大,形成尺寸为0.3μm~2μm的第二相;添加适量Ce有利于提高高温退火后整体的织构密度水平。     

退火温度对含铜高强无取向硅钢强度和铁损的影响

新能源汽车驱动电机用硅钢需要具有高强度和低铁损，但两者难以兼得。利用纳米B2富铜析出相与基体错配度低的特性，通过退火工艺调控组织和铜析出相来实现无取向硅钢高强度和低铁损的协同优化，研究了退火温度对含铜无取向硅钢组织、析出相、强度和铁损的影响，制备出了高强度且低铁损的高性能无取向硅钢。结果表明，退火板中有高密度的纳米B2富铜析出相，随着退火温度升高，析出相尺寸先缓慢增大后显著增大，数密度和体积分数先显著减小后缓慢减小；在纳米B2富铜析出相的钉扎作用下，晶粒先显著长大后缓慢长大；纳米B2富铜相的析出强化贡献先减小后增大，细晶强化贡献逐渐减小，在两者的作用下，强度先降低后增加；由于纳米B2富铜析出相与基体错配度低，对铁损恶化作用较小，且晶粒尺寸增大使铁损降低，铁损先显著降低后缓慢增加。在950～1 000℃退火时，纳米B2富铜析出相尺寸和密度合适，可提高屈服强度200 MPa以上，且不会明显恶化铁损，此时能实现无取向硅钢高强度和低铁损的协同优化。     

TSCR流程试制取向硅钢的组织演变

通过研究以Cu2S为主抑制剂的取向硅钢在薄板坯连铸连轧全流程中的组织演变,比较了工艺优化前后的差别。结果表明,TSCR流程试制的取向硅钢经传统的后工序工艺处理,初次再结晶平均晶粒尺寸约为15.5μm,晶粒度为8.61,生产出来的成品中的二次晶粒的尺寸与普通取向硅钢的相当,成品的性能为B8=1.865 T,P1.7/50=1.409 W/kg;后工序的工艺优化后,初次再结晶晶粒更加细小和均匀,平均晶粒尺寸约为13.6μm,晶粒度为9.13,二次再结晶发展更加完善,成品的磁性能得到提升,为B8=1.884 T,P1.7/50=1.394 W/kg;证明以Cu2S为主抑制剂采用TSCR流程生产取向硅钢是可行的。     

无抑制剂取向硅钢概述

概述了无抑制剂法生产取向电工钢的特性及其用途;总结无抑制剂生产取向电工钢的原理及工艺方案.重点讨论了成分方案,即元素对磁性能的影响和最终高温退火方案对二次再结晶的影响.研究结果表明,无抑制剂取向硅钢化学成分范围没有普通取向硅钢和高磁感取向硅钢严格,提高了成材率;最终高温退火决定了二次再结晶的好坏,从而最终决定成品磁性能,最佳的高温退火温度在850～950℃之间.     

双辊薄带连铸3.2％Si无取向硅钢析出相研究

利用光学显微镜、TEM和EPMA对双辊薄带连铸3.2%Si高强无取向硅钢组织和析出相形态进行了研究。结果表明,双辊薄带连铸无取向硅钢中主要存在的析出相粒子为AlN和AlN与MnS的复合相,复合析出相数量最多,其次是AlN,独立析出的MnS数量极少;析出相粒子尺寸相差很大。800℃退火时,350 nm大小的AlN和MnS复合相粒子会对晶界产生钉扎作用,阻碍晶界的移动; 900～1 000℃退火时,400～500 nm大小的AlN和MnS复合相粒子对晶界的钉扎作用明显减弱。随着退火温度的升高,无取向硅钢中的析出相粒子尺寸明显增大,有利于产品的磁性能。     

Characterisation of Dispersed Nano‐Sulphides Precipitated in Low Carbon Steel Solidified under High Rate of Cooling

The aim of this study was to investigate size distribution, chemistry, thermal stability and deformability of nano‐sulphides finer than about 100 nm formed in low carbon steel solidified under high rate of cooling and to assess the effect of the nano‐sulphides on the properties of steel. Laboratory mini‐ingots of low carbon steel containing various amounts of Mn, Cu and S, solidified under conditions simulating the direct strip casting process, were used as experimental material. Nano‐sulphides of MnS, (Mn,Cu)S, CuS, Cu_2‐xS and CuS_2‐x were identified in substantial quantities (volume fraction up to 3 ·10^?4) using TEM techniques. It was shown that interaction between the nano‐sulphides and migrating grain boundaries of austenite occurred during annealing and in the course of thermomechanical processing resulting in grain refinement. Nano‐sulphides of MnS and (Mn,Cu)S type were also identified in significant quantities (volume fraction up to 6 ·10^?4) in the shell and corner areas of commercial continuously cast billet.     

中锰钢逆相变退火组织的演变及锰的配分行为

采用 SEM、TEM、STEM、XRD、EBSD 等实验分析方法对中锰钢(0.2C5Mn)在奥氏体逆相变不同时间退火过程中的微观组织演变进行了分析.结果表明：中锰钢在650℃短时间逆相变退火时析出大量 M3 C 型碳化物,随着退火时间的延长,逆相变奥氏体形成长大,获得马氏体、奥氏体双相片层状组织.马氏体与逆相变奥氏体晶粒取向服从 K-S 关系,且两相板条平均宽度在0.5μm 左右.退火过程中锰元素出现由淬火组织平均分布逐渐向逆相变奥氏体富集的配分行为,长时间退火后形成体积分数为30％的逆相变奥氏体,抗拉强度为960 MPa,屈服强度为500 MPa,总伸长率为40％,强塑积高达38.4 GPa??％.     

Helium 3 precipitation in AISI 316L stainless steel induced by radioactive decay of tritium: Growth mechanism of helium bubbles

The growth of helium bubbles in 316L stainless steel in which helium was generated from the tritium decay is examined using image analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. The influence of temperature (1073, 1223, and 1373 K), annealing time (0.083 to 1000 hours), cold deformation (92 pct) and helium content (35 and 3.7 appm) on the bubble’s density, volume fraction, and mean size is investigated. For the chosen conditions of helium precipitation and growth (high temperature and large annealing time), the experimental results suggest that the observed increase in the size of the large bubbles present after a 0.083-hour aging at 1373 K proceedsvia a facet limited migration and coalescence mechanism. Formerly with CNRS, is Postdoctor, Department PuA, CEA-DAM, Bruyères Le Chatel, France.     

冷轧TRIP590钢带的成分优化

 化学成分和热处理工艺是影响TRIP钢力学性能的关键因素。通过热模拟试验方法研究了不同成分试验钢在临界区退火过程中的微观组织变化规律。结果表明：随着两相区退火温度的升高,铁素体平均晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,铁素体体积分数随着加热温度的升高而降低;残余奥氏体量和其中的C质量分数先随着退火温度的升高而降低,达到一个低谷以后,再随退火温度的升高而升高;在相同的退火温度下,随着Nb的加入,多边形铁素体晶粒尺寸细化,铁素体体积分数逐渐减少;既加Nb又高Si的试验钢钢中残奥数量最多,不加Nb的试验钢中残奥数量最少。TRIP钢试制结果表明,钢带组织类型为典型的TRIP钢组织,多边形铁素体平均晶粒尺寸约8μm,体积分数67%,残余奥氏体体积分数为5.58%,残余奥氏体中C质量分数为1.34%,同时,力学性能也完全满足TRIP590的性能要求。     

超快冷工艺对X70管线钢组织的影响

通过热模拟机研究超快冷工艺中冷却速率和终轧温度对X70管线钢组织细化及马氏体/奥氏体小岛的影响.随着冷却速率的增大,铁素体晶粒尺寸减小,M/A岛的体积分数先增大后降低,M/A岛的尺寸变化则相反.提高终轧温度,铁素体晶粒尺寸略微增大,M/A岛的体积分数增加;但在900~940℃范围内,随着终轧温度的升高,试样中M/A岛的体积分数略减小,尺寸增大.      

Effect of Cold Deformation and Multiphase Treatment Conditions on Low‐Carbon,Low‐Silicon Multiphase Steel

This paper presents multiphase (MP) treatments of a low‐C, low‐Si cold rolled steel. Despite the much lower content of Si compared to a typical TRIP steel, up to about 8 pct of retained austenite (γ_r) with 1.2 % carbon content can be obtained. Increasing prior cold deformation (i.e. decrease of parent austenite grain size) accelerates the transformation to bainite resulting in a decrease of the volume fraction of residual austenite (γ_r + martensite). Tensile strength of MP steel intercritically annealed at high temperature increases with higher cold reduction degree due to the smaller grain size of the present phases. On the contrary, the ductility and strength‐ductility balance deteriorate because the banded structure becomes more pronounced and the γ_r volume fraction diminishes. Decreasing intercritical annealing temperature results in an increasing γ_r fraction and a uniform distribution of second phases. Hence, the ductility and strength‐ductility balance are improved. Crystallographic preferred orientation is evident in the ferrite and martensite and its extent increases with higher cold deformation.     

Effect of Intercritical Annealing Parameters on Dual Phase Behavior of Commercial Low-Alloyed Steels

 It is known that dual phase (DP) heat treatments and alloying elements have a strong effect on martensitic transformations and mechanical properties. In the present work, the effects of some intercritical annealing parameters (heating rate, soaking temperature, soaking time, and quench media) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold rolled DP steel were studied. The microstructure of specimens quenched after each annealing stage, was analyzed using optical microscopy. The tensile properties, determined for specimens submitted to complete annealing cycles, are influenced by the volume fractions of multi phases (originated from martensite, bainite and retained austenite), which depend on annealing processing parameters. The results obtained showed that the yield strength (YS) and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increase with the increasing intercritical temperature and cooling rate. This can be explained by higher martensite volume ratio with the increased volume fraction of austenite formed at the higher temperatures and cooling rates. The experimental data also showed that, for the annealing cycles carried out, higher UTS values than ~ 800 MPa could be obtained with the S3 steel grade.     

430不锈钢冷轧板高温退火过程中再结晶织构的定量分析

在750、800、825和850℃温度下,利用Gleeble1500热模拟试验机对430不锈钢冷轧薄板的等温退火过程进行了详细的实验研究,分析了退火过程中再结晶织构和组织的变化规律,并对关键织构体积分数的演变进行了定量分析.结果发现:随着退火过程的进行,α取向线上的织构强度逐渐减弱,而γ取向线上的织构强度则略有加强,并保持在较高的值;再结晶过程中,{111}和{112}<110>织构的体积分数逐渐降低,而{100}和随机取向晶粒的体积分数逐渐增加.定量分析表明,退火温度越低,完全再结晶后材料内部关键织构的体积分数越偏离冷轧态.最后,针对{111}、{112}<110>、{100}和随机取向织构的体积分数在再结晶过程中的演变规律,建立了JMAK型再结晶织构演变动力学模型.      

Retained austenite and mechanical properties of 0. 1C- 5Mn steel after intercritical annealing

The effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure, mechanical property and austenite content for 0. 1C- 5Mn steel was studied by ART (Austenite Reverted Transformation) heat treatment process. The morphology, metastable austenite content and mechanical properties of experimental steel were characterized by means of SEM, XRD and tensile testing at room temperature. The results indicate that the structure of experimental steel is composed of ferrite and retained austenite; with the increase of the inintercritical annealing temperature, precipitation and redissolution of carbides are found in experimental steels; simultaneously, the lath- like deformed martensite reverts to form equiaxed ferrite through the recovery and polygonization, and granular austenite undercools to lath- like and blocky martensite; the contents of retained austenite are similar in 630, 645 and 660?? samples, which are 18. 4 vol.%, 19. 5 vol.% and 18. 8 vol.%, respectively; with the increase of the annealing temperature, the volume fraction of the retained austenite suddenly drops and a large amount of reversed austenite changes into martensite; the combination of different annealing temperatures indicates that the experimental steel can obtain the best comprehensive mechanical properties when the annealing temperature is 660??.