Relationships Between Electrostatic Charging Characteristics,Moisture Content,and Airborne Dust Generation for Subbituminous and Bituminous Coals

Small scale laboratory pulverizing experiments were performed on humidified coal material sieved to size 6.35 mm (0.250 in) and below to eliminate effects due to inherent planes of weakness (cleats or joints). Experimental factors studied include the coal seam proximate analysis constituents, the breakage-in duced electrostatic field of airborne dust, and the specific airborne dust generated. Results of these pulverizing experiments show that only coals below 1-2% air dry loss (ADL) moisture content are in a highly charged state after pulverization and that the amount of charging decreases rapidly with increasing ADL up to 1-2%. This appears to have a direct effect on the specific dust generation characteristics of coals. However, each coal may have its own characteristic dust charge and generation signature. Underground dust samples obtained in coal seams with inherent moisture contents ranging from 0.5 to 4.5% suggest that significant particle agglomeration exists for the 0.5% inherent moisture coal but not the coals with moisture > 1.3% inherent moisture, in agreement with the laboratory tests.     

Thermal Analysis of Brown Coals from the Mugunsk Deposit

The results of the thermal analysis of brown coals from the Mugunsk coal strip mine (Irkutsk oblast) are reported. The number and sequence of the elementary steps of reactions occurring in coals on heating were determined.     

童亭亮煤索氏萃取和超声萃取的GC/MS分析

采用CS<,2>对童亭亮煤进行索氏萃取和超声萃取,用气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC/MS)对相关萃取物进行分析,结果表明:童亭亮煤的索氏萃取物由正构烷烃和芳烃构成,而超声萃取物还检测到异构烷烃和各类杂原子化合物,并且随着超声萃取时间的增加,所检测到的物质种类更多结构也更复杂;而超声波的空化效应产生的冲击流能促进溶剂和煤样的...     

Production of Heat-Shielding Glass Using Dust from Electric Filters

Heat-shielding glasses have been produced using dust from electric filters as the colorant agent. The introduction of such pigment makes it possible to obtain glasses with different spectral parameters.     

Validity of Using Mercury Porosimetry to Characterize the Pore Structures of Ceramic Green Compacts

The ability of mercury porosimetry in characterizing particle packing and pore structures of dense ceramic green compacts is evaluated. Differences in intrusion spectra between the dry-pressed and slip-cast compacts demonstrate the utility of mercury porosimetry for particle-packing analysis. Of the voids embedded in the matrix, only those at or extending to the matrix surface are detectable. Intrusion—extrusion spectra show hysteresis, but otherwise do not provide added insight into bulk defect structure.     

催化再生装置烟气粉尘含量高的原因分析与解决

锦州石化公司某催化装置再生烟气粉尘含量高,烟机无法长周期运行,本文对该装置剂耗、粉尘长时间居高不下的现象进行了分析。同时利用2009年装置停产大修时机,对三、四旋系统进行了改造,使装置剂耗、烟机入口粉尘浓度下降,烟机运转平稳。     

中国北部沙漠对亚洲大陆大气粉尘含量贡献的数值实验研究

以巴丹吉林沙漠为主体的中国北部沙漠是我国北方地区两大粉尘源之一.利用包含详细粉尘活动过程的MATCH-DEAD模式系统,分别对2000,2001和2002年春季(3～5月)亚洲大陆在有、无中国北部沙漠区条件下的大气粉尘状况进行了数值实验研究,通过对比分析了中国北部沙漠区对亚洲粉尘含量的贡献.结果表明:(1)下垫面状况与粉尘释放关系密切,下垫面的改善对粉尘的释放有明显的抑制作用.(2)中国北部沙漠区释放的粉尘主要影响黄土高原、中国东南部、日本、韩国等地,但对于我国华北地区特别是北京地区的粉尘气溶胶含量贡献较小.(3)中国北部沙漠区释放的粉尘粒子在垂直高度上主要分布在3.5 km以下;在源地粒子集中分布在近地面,在粉尘源区下游粒子集中分布在垂直高度为1～2 km范围内.(4)在源地粒径较大的粒子优势较大,而在下游地区中等粒径的粒子(2.5～5.0μm)优势最大.     

A Model to Characterize and Predict Fugitive Emissions from Flange Joints

The new model describing the gaseous transport through graphite gaskets is based on the assumption of a flow in the transition regime through nano‐scale capillaries, using the Maxwellian wall‐slip boundary condition for rarefied gases. Together with an earlier published model describing the liquid transport in graphite gaskets, it enables the characterization of fugitive emissions of volatile organic compounds from fluid‐charged flange joints in chemical and petrochemical plants as a function of medium properties, pipe pressure, and gasket stress. Additionally, combination of the models allows predicting the emission rates of gases by experiments with liquids as the emitting fluid. Finally, recommendations are made to improve the gaskets with respect to their sealing performance towards gases.     

滑动弧等离子体分解二甲醚制氢

对常温常压下滑动弧等离子体放电分解二甲醚(DME)制氢进行了研究,探讨了进气流量、电极间距、放电电压、电极形状和水/DME摩尔比以及添加的空气量对滑动弧等离子体DME转化制氢的影响。结果表明,当进气流量由43 mL·min-1增加到76 mL·min-1时,DME转化率从58.9%下降至50.6%,H2收率从26.9%下降至19.7%。随着电极间距由2 mm增加到4 mm、放电电压由11.2 kV增加到17.1kV时,DME转化率和H2收率增加,制氢能耗降低。电极最宽处有5mm平滑的竖直部分、上端电极长度50 mm,弧度23o的2#电极对DME放电反应最有利;添加水蒸汽和适量的空气对DME分解制氢反应有利,当水/DME摩尔比为2.3,添加空气的体积分数为25.8%时,DME转化率最大为74.1%,氢气的收率最大为43.4%。     

Simulation Analysis of Inhalable Dust Sampling Errors Using a Multi-Component Error Model

Measurements to characterize inhalable aerosol exposure are subject to random error even after sources of systematic error have been eliminated. For a fixed aerosol sampler geometry the random errors are due to the variability of measured and unmeasured parameters including ambient variables, quantification technique, and operation parameters. In this discussion we apply a multi-component error estimation model to size selective aerosol sampling with the well-known Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) inhalable aerosol sampler. Random errors due to typical variations in sampler flow control, timing, and mass determination were small, being approximately 3%. Similarly, random errors due to variations in wind velocity were reasonably small at approximately 10%. However, the bias introduced by wind velocity was notable, ranging from peak values of 17 to 27% depending on aerosol mass median aerodynamic diameter and geometric standard deviation. This modeling indicated that the combined influence of variations in sampler flow control, timing, mass determination, and ambient wind velocity on IOM performance appeared to be less than approximately 10%; however, bias at moderate wind velocities was shown to be important for the IOM sampler as suggested by other studies. The effects of sampler placement, angle of incidence of ambient wind velocity on the sampler, and head orientation of the exposed person are unknown at this time and need additional research.     

Initial Attempt to Characterize Oxidation Damage in C/Sic Composite Using an Ultrasonic Guided Wave Method

An ultrasonic guided wave scan system was used to non-destructively monitor damage over time and position in a C/enhanced SiC sample that was creep tested to failure at 1200°C in air at a stress of 69 MPa (10 ksi). The use of the guided wave scan system for mapping evolving oxidation profiles (via porosity gradients resulting from oxidation) along the sample length and predicting failure location was explored. The creep-rupture tests were interrupted for ultrasonic evaluation every two hours until failure at ∼17.5 cumulative hours.     

旁路放风合并煤矸石脱水的工艺设想

在实验室已确定煤矸石脱水的最佳热工制度的基础上,提出了旁路放风合并煤矸石脱水的新工艺.通过热工计算,提出了该旁路系鲥的设备、工艺流程与主要的热工参数,并对该系统进行了综合评价.     

粉煤灰代矿粉拌制沥青混凝土路面的试验与应用

用粉煤灰取代矿粉拌制沥青混合料,进行室内性能试验,进而用于铺筑沥青砼路面,取得了满意的结果。     

Using Singular Value Decomposition to Characterize Protein–Protein Interactions by In‐cell NMR Spectroscopy

Distinct differences between how model proteins interact in‐cell and in vitro suggest that the cytosol might have a profound effect in modulating protein–protein and/or protein–ligand interactions that are not observed in vitro. Analyses of in‐cell NMR spectra of target proteins interacting with physiological partners are further complicated by low signal‐to‐noise ratios, and the long overexpression times used in protein–protein interaction studies may lead to changes in the in‐cell spectra over the course of the experiment. To unambiguously resolve the principal binding mode between two interacting species against the dynamic cellular background, we analyzed in‐cell spectral data of a target protein over the time course of overexpression of its interacting partner by using single‐value decomposition (SVD). SVD differentiates between concentration‐dependent and concentration‐independent events and identifies the principal binding mode between the two species. The analysis implicates a set of amino acids involved in the specific interaction that differs from previous NMR analyses but is in good agreement with crystallographic data.     

煤矿矿井瓦斯发电可行性研究

煤矿井下抽采的瓦斯是一种清洁能源,全国每年瓦斯抽放量约有20亿m3,其中绝大部分直接排空,这不仅造成了资源的浪费,而且也加剧了环境的污染。研究表明利用瓦斯发电,不但可以实现资源的有效利用,而且还能带来明显的经济效益和环保效益,对煤矿瓦斯抽采产生积极推动作用,可以有效减少煤矿瓦斯灾害的威胁。     

Ozone Generation Using Plate Rotating Electrode Ozonizer- Effect Of Electrode Rotation And Discharge Analysis Method

An attempt to explain the phenomenon of the effect of electrode rotation on the ozone generation process is presented. A discharge photography method was applied and computer analysis method was used to find discharge differences between electrode rotational and non-rotational cases. The research presented shows that with electrode rotation the discharge was more uniform and the ozone generation efficiency increased about 15% compared to an ozonizer with a non-rotating electrode. In addition, during the research, the most suitable electrode rotational speed for the ozone generation process was estimated.     

Using Raman Microspectroscopy to Determine Chemical Composition and Mixing State of Airborne Marine Aerosols over the Pacific Ocean

Chemical composition and mixing state of aerosols collected over an 11,000 km latitudinal cruise in the Pacific Ocean are reported here as determined by a new application of Raman spectroscopy. The Raman microspectroscopy technique employs a Raman spectrometer coupled to an optical microscope to identify the chemical composition and internal mixing state of single particles. By analyzing multiple particles in a collected ensemble, the degree of external mixing of particles was also determined. To lend context to the Pacific aerosol population sampled, atmospheric aerosol concentration, and the critical supersaturation required for the aerosols to activate as cloud condensation nuclei, and chlorophyll a concentration in the underlying water (a metric for phytoplankton biomass in the ocean) were also obtained. Our results indicate that long chain organic molecules were prevalent in the marine aerosol samples throughout the cruise, including during coastal and open ocean locations, in both hemispheres, and in the seasons of autumn and spring. Long chain organic compounds tended to be present in internal mixtures with other organic and inorganic components. Although variations in the fraction of aerosols activated as CCN were observed, no simple correlation between organics and CCN activation was found. According to our measurements, marine aerosol in the Pacific Ocean may be generally characterized as multicomponent aerosol containing and often dominated by a high organic fraction. Our results suggest that the prevalence of organics and the high degree of internal mixing of aerosol must be accounted for in accurate modeling of the role of marine aerosols in cloud formation and climate.

Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research     

Rapid Hydrogen Generation from the Reaction of Aluminum Powders and Water Using Synthesized Aluminum Hydroxide Catalysts

A synthesized and nano-sized Al(OH)₃ powder that promotes the generation of hydrogen from a Al/water reaction is demonstrated. In this study, aluminum hydroxides are synthesized using sodium aluminate NaAlO₂, distilled water and ethanol. The mole ratio of ethanol/water and the concentration of sodium aluminate in solution affect the crystal structure, morphology and sizes of the Al(OH)₃ powders significantly. These Al(OH)₃ powders contain both gibbsite and bayerite phases and exhibit excellent catalytic power on the hydrogen generation of Al/water system. It is proposed that two major characteristics of Al(OH)₃ powders dominate the catalytic power. That is, the surface area and the high-energy sites of Al(OH)₃. When mole ratio of ethanol/water is between 0.3–0.6 and the concentration of NaAlO₂ is higher than 0.0167 g/ml, the synthesized Al(OH)₃ powders are in a more gibbsite-oriented and plate-like structure. Other than above conditions result in a more bayerite-oriented and particulate-like structure. The plate-like structure exhibits strong catalytic power due to the existence of high-energy sites on the edge of plates even its surface area is not so high. The particulate-like structure may also have strong catalytic power when it has a high surface area. By taking advantage of the exothermic reaction, ~?100% yield of hydrogen can be produced from 1 g Al/10 g water system within 30 s using 3 g synthesized Al(OH)₃. A aluminum waste scrap can also react with water using these effective catalysts and generate?~?95% yield of hydrogen within 8 min.     

Method to Characterize the Air Flow and Water Removal Characteristics During Vacuum Dewatering. Part II—Analysis and Characterization

This is part II of a study reported earlier on a method to characterize the air flow and water removal characteristics during vacuum dewatering. This article presents experimental data and analysis of results from the use of a cyclically actuated vacuum dewatering device for removing moisture from wetted porous materials such as paper with the intermittent application of vacuum and accompanying air flow though the material. Results presented include sheet moisture content as a function of residence time and hence water removal rate under a variety of process conditions. Also, experimental results on air flow through the wet porous structure and hence the role and importance of air flow during vacuum dewatering are presented. Vacuum dewatering process conditions include exit solids content between 11 and 20% solid under applied vacuum conditions of 13.5 to 67.7 kPa (4 to 20 in. Hg). Regression analysis indicated that the exit sheet moisture content exhibited a nonlinear relationship with residence time with exit solids reaching a plateau after a certain residence time. Final moisture content correlated linearly with the average overall flow rate of air through the paper sample and the basis weight of the material.     

Generation and Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) from Halophyte Atriplex canescens to Explore Salt-Responsive Related Genes

Little information is available on gene expression profiling of halophyte A. canescens. To elucidate the molecular mechanism for stress tolerance in A. canescens, a full-length complementary DNA library was generated from A. canescens exposed to 400 mM NaCl, and provided 343 high-quality ESTs. In an evaluation of 343 valid EST sequences in the cDNA library, 197 unigenes were assembled, among which 190 unigenes (83.1% ESTs) were identified according to their significant similarities with proteins of known functions. All the 343 EST sequences have been deposited in the dbEST GenBank under accession numbers {"type":"entrez-nucleotide-range","attrs":{"text":"JZ535802 to JZ536144","start_term":"JZ535802","end_term":"JZ536144","start_term_id":"584304637","end_term_id":"584305012"}}JZ535802 to JZ536144. According to Arabidopsis MIPS functional category and GO classifications, we identified 193 unigenes of the 311 annotations EST, representing 72 non-redundant unigenes sharing similarities with genes related to the defense response. The sets of ESTs obtained provide a rich genetic resource and 17 up-regulated genes related to salt stress resistance were identified by qRT-PCR. Six of these genes may contribute crucially to earlier and later stage salt stress resistance. Additionally, among the 343 unigenes sequences, 22 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were also identified contributing to the study of A. canescens resources.