核桃仁皮不同极性提取物的体外抗氧化活性分析

采用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、氯仿、石油醚对核桃仁皮多酚进行提取,通过清除DPPH自由基、OH自由基、ABTS自由基法与铁离子还原能力初步评价其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,不同极性溶剂对核桃仁皮多酚提取能力为乙酸乙酯>正丁醇>氯仿>石油醚;乙酸乙酯提取物具有最强的DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS自由基清除能力,其IC₅₀值分别为5.004和29.654 μg/mL,其次为正丁醇(9.596、23.681 μg/mL)、氯仿提取物(62.719、144.475 μg/mL)以及石油醚提取物(48.316、146.424 μg/mL);正丁醇提取物具有最强的OH自由基清除能力,其IC₅₀值为393.578 μg/mL,其次为乙酸乙酯(510.186 μg/mL)、氯仿提取物(627.003 μg/mL)与石油醚提取物(840.315 μg/mL);在铁离子还原能力实验中,当样品浓度均为100 μg/mL时,各提取物的吸光度为乙酸乙酯(0.821)>正丁醇(0.509)>氯仿(0.406)>石油醚(0.142)。总之,不同极性提取物其抗氧化能力有差异,依次为乙酸乙酯>正丁醇>氯仿>石油醚,且与质量浓度呈正相关。     

洋甘菊各萃取相抗氧化活性及其有效成分分析

目的:筛选洋甘菊醇提物抗氧化活性最强的萃取组分,并对该组分抗氧化活性的有效成分进行研究。方法:采用DPPH·、ABTS+·、O₂-·自由基清除能力和FRAP抗氧化功能测试方法,对比研究了洋甘菊醇提物不同极性萃取组分的抗氧化活性,并运用HPLC等方法对抗氧化能力最强萃取组分进行有效成分分析。结果:洋甘菊乙酸乙酯萃取组分的抗氧化能力最强,对DPPH·、ABTS+·和O₂-·的IC₅₀分别为25.6、30.6和83.3 mg/mL,总抗氧化能力(以trolox计)为16.7 mg/mL。成分分析表明,乙酸乙酯萃取相中总酚和总黄酮含量分别为25.84%和14.93%,在检测到的10种多酚或黄酮类化合物中,木犀草素、蒙花苷和木犀草素-7-葡萄糖含量较丰富。结论:洋甘菊醇提物的乙酸乙酯萃取组分具有良好的抗氧化能力可能与其富含的多酚和黄酮成分有关。     

厚朴籽不同溶剂萃取物抗氧化活性比较分析

为研究厚朴籽抗氧化成分,测定厚朴籽90%乙醇粗提物及其石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水萃取物的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除活性,2,2-联氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulonic acid),ABTS)自由基清除活性和铁离子还原能力(ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP),同时测定其总酚及总黄酮含量。结果发现,乙酸乙酯萃取物的总酚和总黄酮的含量最高,含量依次为(253.64±7.25)和(179.11±0.61)mg/g。厚朴籽乙醇粗提物和萃取物具有一定抗氧化活性,其中乙酸乙酯萃取物的抗氧化活性最强,DPPH自由基清除活性显著(P<0.05)高于阳性对照BHT,其IC₅₀仅为(29.33±2.31)μg/mL;乙酸乙酯萃取物ABTS自由基清除活性与V_C相当,IC₅₀分别(30.33±1.53)和(31.67±3.06)μg/mL;厚朴籽乙醇粗提物和萃取物对铁离子的还原能力较低,均显著(P<0.05)低于阳性对照V_C和BHT。相关性显示,厚朴籽三种体外抗氧化活性均与总酚和总黄酮极显著相关(P<0.01)。以上结果表明,乙酸乙酯可以富集厚朴籽酚类物质,为下一步厚朴籽抗氧化物质分离奠定了理论依据。     

啤酒花活性成分与抗氧化活性的相关性

以3 个品种的萨斯特啤酒花为原料,比较了其石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水相等不同极性溶剂提取物中α-酸、β-酸、总黄酮和总多酚的含量,采用?OH、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基、β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸3 种不同的抗氧化活性评价体系对各极性溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性进行了研究,并与其活性成分的含量进行了相关性分析。结果表明,啤酒花各极性部位均具有不同程度的抗氧化活性。α-酸、β-酸在石油醚相中含量较高,在3 个啤酒花样品中的含量范围分别为α-酸444.29～583.81 mg/g、β-酸131.83～293.19 mg/g,在氯仿相中含量相对较低,其余提取物中均未检出;相关性研究表明α-酸、β-酸是石油醚和氯仿相抗氧化活性的主要物质基础。中等极性和极性较大溶剂提取物中啤酒花总黄酮、总多酚含量较高,相关性研究也表明黄酮、多酚类物质是这类提取物抗氧化活性的主要物质基础;其中,3 个啤酒花样品中总黄酮、总多酚在乙酸乙酯相中含量最高,分别为20.43～24.13 mg/g和34.97～40.24 mg/g,正丁醇次之,分别为9.45～11.68 mg/g和12.12～19.14 mg/g。     

三叶青茎部不同溶剂提取物的功能成分、抗氧化及酪氨酸酶抑制活性研究

目的 以三叶青茎部为原料,探究三叶青不同溶剂提取物的功能成分、抗氧化及酪氨酸酶抑制活性。方法 采用乙醇超声法提取三叶青,获得醇提液及残渣。醇提液依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇对其进行分步萃取,残渣则采用蒸馏水多次提取,最终得到4种提取物。分别测定4种提取物总酚、总黄酮、总皂苷、总多糖、抗氧化及酪氨酸酶抑制活性,并进行相关性分析。结果 4种提取物中乙酸乙酯萃取物总酚、总黄酮、总皂苷含量最高,分别为40.22%±1.01%、38.56%±0.64%、6.15%±0.21%,正丁醇萃取物总多糖含量最高,为9.29%±0.25%。各萃取物均具有抗氧化和酪氨酸酶抑制活性,其中乙酸乙酯萃取物清除1,1-二苯基-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基、超氧阴离子、2-苯基-4,4,5,5-四甲基咪唑啉-3-氧代-1-氧(2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl,PTIO)自由基、羟自由基能力和铁离子还原能力(ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRA...     

石榴皮提取物的抗氧化作用研究

分别以水、甲醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯为溶剂,对石榴皮中的多酚进行了提取,得到4种提取物。采用油脂过氧化值(POV)法和二苯三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基法研究了提取物的抗氧化活性。结果显示,4种提取物均具有抗油脂过氧化和清除DPPH自由基的能力,其抗氧化活性随添加量的增加而增加。4种提取物中,丙酮提取物的抗油脂过氧化作用最大,其次为水提取物和甲醇提取物,乙酸乙酯提取物的抗油脂过氧化作用最小。当丙酮提取物添加量为猪油质量的0.1%时,其抗油脂过氧化活性接近添加量为0.02%茶多酚或BHT。4种提取物对DPPH自由基的清除能力大小顺序依次为:水提取物、丙酮提取物、甲醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物。浓度为0.0175 mg/mL的水提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率高达85.2%,高于BHT,但略低于茶多酚。石榴皮多酚是一种有效的天然抗氧化剂。     

Oregano: chemical analysis and evaluation of its antimalarial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities

Abstract: GC‐FID and GC‐MS analysis of essential oil from oregano leaves (Origanum compactum) resulted in the identification of 46 compounds, representing more than 98% of the total composition. Carvacrol was the predominant compound (36.46%), followed by thymol (29.74%) and p‐cymene (24.31%). Serial extractions with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water were performed on aerials parts of Origanum compactum. In these extracts, different chemical families were characterized: polyphenols (gallic acid equivalent 21.2 to 858.3 g/kg), tannins (catechin equivalent 12.4 to 510.3 g/kg), anthocyanins (cyanidin equivalent 0.38 to 5.63 mg/kg), and flavonoids (quercetin equivalent 14.5 to 54.7 g/kg). The samples (essential oil and extracts) were subjected to a screening for antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS assays) and antimalarial activities and against human breast cancer cells. The essential oil showed a higher antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀= 2 ± 0.1 mg/L. Among the extracts, the aqueous extract had the highest antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀= 4.8 ± 0.2 mg/L (DPPH assay). Concerning antimalarial activity, Origanum compactum essential oil and ethyl acetate extract showed the best results with an IC₅₀ of 34 and 33 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, ethyl acetate extract (30 mg/L) and ethanol extract (56 mg/L) showed activity against human breast cancer cells (MCF7). The oregano essential oil was considered to be nontoxic.     

Antioxidant Activity of Ripe and Unripe Pepino Fruit (Solanum muricatum Aiton)

Abstract: Ripe and unripe exotic pepino fruit were evaluated for antioxidant activity, total phenols, and flavonoid content. The antioxidant potency was investigated by employing various established in vitro systems, such as 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2–2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging, reducing power, ferrous ion chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation. The EC₅₀ values of ripe ethanolic extract on DPPH radical, reducing power, ferrous ion chelation, ABTS radical, FRAP, hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxidation (brain), and lipid peroxidation (liver) were obtained to be 2.20, 2.81, <5.00, 34.06, 8.53, 1.30, 1.75, and 0.51 mg/mL, respectively. However, the EC₅₀ values for unripe fruit extract were noted to be 3.75, 3.40, 11.25, 40.12, 9.75, 0.80, 1.91, and 0.63 mg/mL, respectively. Ripe fruit exhibited the highest values of antioxidant activity in all the scavenging assays except for hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Ripe pepino had higher total phenol and flavonoid content than unripe fruit. This study suggests that possible mechanism of the biological activities may be due to free radical scavenging and antioxidant characteristics, which may be due to the presence of polyphenols in the fruit extracts. Practical Application: The ripe and unripe pepino fruit have excellent antioxidant properties, so the results obtained in this study clearly indicate that pepino fruit has a significant potential to use as a natural antioxidant agent and possibly as a food supplement.     

木贼醇提物不同萃取部位总酚酸、黄酮含量测定及抗氧化活性研究

目的:对木贼的乙醇提取物不同萃取部位进行总酚酸、黄酮含量测定及抗氧化活性比较,以探知木贼抗氧化活性物质基础。方法:木贼经70%乙醇超声提取浓缩后,采用有机溶剂萃取法依次得到石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水相4个部位萃取物;利用紫外-分光光度法比较各萃取部位总黄酮、酚酸含量差异;以抗坏血酸为阳性对照,比较不同萃取部位还原能力、羟自由基(·OH)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH·)、2,2'-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS+·)清除率的差异,评价各部位抗氧化能力强弱。结果:木贼各萃取物总黄酮含量在5.70~61.55 mg/g 范围内,总酚酸含量在4.07~19.10 mg/g 范围内,乙酸乙酯萃取物总黄酮与酚酸含量明显高于其他萃取物,其还原能力、羟自由基、DPPH·、ABTS+·清除率也明显高于正丁醇、石油醚和水相萃取物,乙酸乙酯萃取物对羟自由基、ABTS+·、DPPH·清除能力IC₅₀值分别为:(0.321±0.0026)、(0.213±0.0010)和(0.169±0.0014) mg/mL。结论:经各相溶剂萃取后木贼有效成分得到初步分离,乙酸乙酯相萃取部位总黄酮和酚酸相对含量及抗氧化活性明显强于总提物和其他萃取部位,且其抗氧化能力呈量效关系。实验发现木贼中黄酮和酚酸类成分与其抗氧化能力密切相关。     

Isolation and Identification of Phenolic Antioxidants in Black Rice Bran

Black rice bran contains phenolic compounds of a high antioxidant activity. In this study, the 40% acetone extract of black rice bran was sequentially fractionated to obtain 5 fractions. Out of the 5 fractions, ethyl acetate fraction was subfractionated using the Sephadex LH‐20 chromatography. The antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in the extracts was investigated by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, 2,2‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylenebenzothiozoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation assay, reducing power. The subfraction 2 from ethyl acetate fraction had the highest total phenolic contents (TPC) (816.0 μg/mg) and the lowest EC₅₀ values (47.8 μg/mL for DPPH radical assay, 112.8 μg/mL for ABTS radical cation assay, and 49.2 μg/mL for reducing power). These results were 3.1, 1.3, and 2.6 times lower than those of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), respectively. At a concentration of 100 μg/mL, the antioxidant activity and TPC of various extracts was closely correlated, with correlation coefficients (R²) higher than 0.86. The major phenolic acid in subfraction 2 was identified as ferulic acid (178.3 μg/mg) by HPLC and LC‐ESI/MS/MS analyses. Our finding identified ferulic acid as a major phenolic compound in black rice bran, and supports the potential use of black rice bran as a natural source of antioxidant.     

Nutrient Compositions,Antioxidant Activity,and Common Phenolics of Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham.) Fruit

Fruits of Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham.) are widely used as food and in treating various diseases in the tropical coastal areas. This study evaluated nutrient compositions in the pericarp and seed of this fruit. Each pericarp and seed was successively fractionated into n-hexane, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Polyphenols contents and antioxidant activities of different pericarp and seed fractions were measured in different in vitro methods and phenolic compounds were determined by HPLC. Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and ash contents were 29.6, 8.8, 2.8, and 25.5% of dry weight in pericarp, whereas 28.3, 11.5, 4.2, and 22.7% in seed, respectively. Among the mineral macro-elements, K content was the highest followed by Na, Ca, Mg, P, and S while in micro-elements, Fe was at the largest followed by Mn, Zn, and Cu. The methanol fraction of seed showed the highest polyphenols content (221.9 mg gallic acid equivalent/g fraction), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC₅₀ = 2.1 μg/mL) and NO (IC₅₀ = 490.8 μg/mL) free radical scavenging. Similarly, methanol fraction of seed also attained very strong reducing power (OD = 1.67 at 100 µg/mL), Fe²⁺ chelating and total antioxidant capacity. When subjected to high-performance liquid chromatogram analysis, six polyphenols namely caffeic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, ellagic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin were detected and quantified as 88.1, 1459.3, 310.1, 616.9, 416.7, and 71.8 mg/100 g of methanol fraction of seed, respectively. Therefore, the fruit of S. apetala, especially its seeds could be of great use in preparation of functional foods and dietary supplements.     

In Vitro Antioxidant and Antiglycation Properties of Methanol Extract and Its Different Solvent Fractions of Musa paradisiaca L. (Cv. Nendran) Inflorescence

Methanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca inflorescence and its different solvent fractions, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water were studied for their total phenolic and flavonoid content, free radical scavenging, and antiglycation activities, and these properties were compared with standard antioxidant compounds. Ethyl acetate fraction exhibited higher antioxidant and antiglycation properties than other fractions. IC₅₀ values of ethyl acetate fraction for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method, 2,2-azinobis-3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid method, superoxide radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, nitric oxide radical scavenging, and antiglycation activities were 9.80, 13.50, 26.40, 19.71, 25.73, and 31.00 μ g/ml, respectively. Total phenolic content of ethyl acetate (21.52 mg GAE/g) was significantly higher than other fractions. There was positive linear correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content.      

黄花倒水莲不同极性部位抗氧化和降血糖活性研究

探究黄花倒水莲醇提物的不同萃取物的抗氧化和降血糖作用。采用95%乙醇制备黄花倒水莲提取物,通过有机溶剂萃取法对其进行纯化,分别得到石油醚部分、乙酸乙酯部分、正丁醇部分、氯仿部位和水相部分;采用Folin-Ciocalteu法分别测定其多酚含量,采用NaNO₂-Al(NO₃)₃法分别测定其黄酮含量;通过ABTS法、DPPH法、羟自由基法、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性来评价黄花倒水莲的体外抗氧化、降血糖活性。结果显示,黄花倒水莲醇提物中多酚、黄酮含量丰富,经萃取分段后乙酸乙酯萃取物中多酚含量最高,可达(483.9±0.8)mg/g,石油醚部位黄酮含量最多高达(53.1±0.57)mg/g。黄花倒水莲醇提物及各萃取物均表现出很好的抗氧化能力。ABTS总抗氧能力显示乙酸乙酯部位抗氧化活性最强,其对羟自由基,DPPH自由基清除率远高于阳性对照V_C,此外其对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有较强的抑制活性(IC₅₀=(0.064±0.013)mg/mL),其作用强度远高于阳性对照阿卡波糖(IC₅₀=(0.867±0.032)mg/mL)。因此,黄花倒水莲各部位均有抗氧化,降血糖作用,乙酸乙酯部位最佳,可能活性成分为多酚类化合物。     

芒果皮渣多酚的提取分离及抗氧化活性分析

以芒果皮渣为原料,通过单因素实验优选粗多酚的提取方法和工艺参数;采用不同极性有机溶剂萃取粗多酚,筛选多酚含量最高的组分,并通过HPD100型大孔树脂分离纯化;进一步,采用LC-Q-TOF-MS法对纯化组分初步定性并比较了不同溶剂萃取相和纯化组分的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,超声辅助法对芒果皮渣多酚的提取效果较好,最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度80%、浸提时间1.5 h、浸提温度60℃、超声功率250 W、液料比30:1 mL/g,在此条件下,多酚得率为9.68%;乙酸乙酯相所得多酚含量最高,达到254.41 mg/g;从树脂纯化组分中共鉴定出17种化合物,主要包括黄酮、黄酮醇、酚酸和鞣质等,具有优异的抗氧化活性,其清除DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的IC50值分别为0.191×10-3 mg/m L、0.081 mg/mL、0.43 mg/mL和0.63mg/m L。表明乙酸乙酯相中的纯化组分是深入挖掘芒果皮渣抗氧化功效的物质基础。     

Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extract of Brassica oleracea L. var. italica

In this study, antioxidant activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Brassica oleracea L. var. italica were investigated. The antioxidant properties of both extracts of Brassica oleracea L. var. italica were evaluated using different antioxidant tests, including 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation, reduction of power, and metal ion chelating activities. Inhibition of superoxide scavenging by aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed an IC₅₀ of 0.93 and 0.25 mg/ml, respectively. Metal ion chelation showed an IC₅₀ of 0.35 mg/ml of both the extracts and was equipotent to positive control, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid. The ethanolic extract of Brassica oleracea L. var. italica exhibited higher antioxidant activity in DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging than that of aqueous extract. The results obtained in the in vitro models clearly suggest that, Brassica oleracea L. var. italica is a natural source for antioxidants, which could serve as a nutraceutical with potential applications in reducing the level of oxidative stress and related health benefits. However, comprehensive studies need to be conducted to ascertain the in vivo safety of such extracts in experimental animal models.     

不同极性柳叶蜡梅叶萃取物总酚含量及其抗氧化、抑菌能力研究

采用甲醇回流提取、梯度萃取得到正己烷萃取物、二氯甲烷萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物和水萃取物5个不同极性部分,以多酚含量、还原能力、对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的清除能力及抑制微生物生长为评价指标,研究其体外抗氧化和抑菌活性能力。结果表明:柳叶腊梅叶多酚量较为丰富,乙酸乙酯萃取物含量最多,为(309.5±4.81)mg/g。柳叶腊梅叶萃取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,其还原能力和对DPPH自由基清除能力随其浓度的增加而增强。甲醇、正己烷、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水萃取物对DPPH自由基清除能力的半数抑制浓度(IC50)值分别为1.24,1.11,0.61,0.48,0.98,1.36 mg/mL。柳叶腊梅叶萃取物对大肠杆菌、金黄葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和绿脓杆菌均有抑制作用,二氯甲烷萃取物的抑菌活性最显著,其对4种受试菌的最低抑制浓度为2 mg/mL。故柳叶腊梅叶萃取物具有较好的抗氧化和抑菌特性,为进一步分离提取活性化合物提供依据。     

Antioxidative effect of lotus seed and seedpod extracts

The antioxidative activity of 6 kinds of extracts including 80% ethanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water from seeds and seedpods of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner) were evaluated by determining DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities as well as ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). DPPH and ABTS scavenging capacities of the ethyl acetate fraction of lotus seed (LS) were 94.6 and 91.9% and those of the water fraction of lotus seedpod (LSP) were 94.5 and 95.2% at 0.8 mg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction of LS and the water fraction of LSP also showed high FRAP. The high antioxidant capacities of LS and LSP may be due to their flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents. The evaluation of antioxidant effect in LS and LSP is a valuable purpose, particularly for finding an inexpensive source for natural antioxidants and functional food. The high antioxidant capacity of LSP water fraction could be available as natural additive in food.     

Antioxidant Activities of Polyphenolic Compounds Isolated from Antidesma thwaitesianum Müll. Arg. Seeds and Marcs

ABSTRACT: Antidesma thwaitesianum Müll. Arg. or mao is widely used as commercial products of juice and wine in Thailand. As a result, waste products from the mao plant, such as mao seeds (MS) and mao marcs (MM), are plentiful. We aimed to purify and analyze polyphenolic content in both MS and MM and to investigate the radical scavenging activities of these polyphenolics against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐Azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline 6‐sulphonate) (ABTS) radicals and thiobarbituric acid reactive products (TBARP). The results showed MS and MM to be an abundant source of polyphenols (97.32 to 130 mg gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/g) and proanthocyanidins. The radical scavenging activities of MS/MM against DPPH and ABTS radicals (IC₅₀ of 0.85 to 1.21 μg/mL) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of standard trolox (IC₅₀ of 5.05 μg/mL). Activity of MS/MM extracts were 3.74 and 3.80 μg/mL trolox eq/g f.w. for the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The oxidation of erythrocyte membranes using 2‐thiobarbituric acid demonstrated that the protective effect of MS/MM on lipid peroxidation is as strong as grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. These findings suggest that polyphenolic compounds and proanthocyanidins isolated from these mao extracts had much higher antioxidant activities than those of standard trolox and exhibited similar antioxidant potential to grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. These findings may also increase value of mao waste products and allow development of commercial health products.     

红薯叶不同溶剂提取物抗氧化性及活性成分鉴定

研究不同极性溶剂对红薯叶中酚类化合物的提取以及提取物抗氧化性的影响,并鉴定提取物中的主要抗氧化成分组成。分别采用极性不同的7 种溶剂（蒸馏水、甲醇、无水乙醇、丙酮、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯和氯仿）从红薯叶中提取多酚,并评价提取物中总酚、总黄酮和花青素的含量,以及对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除能力和还原能力,最后运用高效液相色谱-串联质谱（high performance liquidchromatography tandem mass spectroscopy,HPLC-MS/MS）技术分析抗氧化活性最好的提取物中多酚的主要组成成分。结果表明：提取溶剂的极性对红薯叶中多酚类化合物的提取效率和提取物抗氧化活性有很大的影响,水提物具有最高的粗提物得率（（37.13±1.60）%）,而甲醇提取物中总酚含量（13.80 mg GAE/g）和总黄酮含量（（5.68±0.35）mg QE/g）最高,且具有最好的DPPH自由基清除能力（IC50为0.32 mg/mL）与还原能力（ρ0.5为0.95 mg/mL）。采用HPLC-MS/MS从红薯叶甲醇提取物中鉴定9 种、初步鉴定3 种酚类化合物,鉴定的化合物为咖啡酸、对羟基苯甲酸、1-咖啡酸奎宁酸、3-咖啡酸奎宁酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C、3,4,5-三咖啡酰奎尼酸和金丝桃苷。     

Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of different parts of guava (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Psidium guajava</Emphasis> L.)

The antioxidant and the tyrosinase inhibitory activities of 4 different solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water) for preparation of extracts from guava (branch, fruit, leaf, and seed) were evaluated by measuring total phenolic contents (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power (RP), and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The extracts of branch and leaf showed relatively higher antioxidant properties than those of fruit and seed. The highest TPC (141.28 mg/g gallic acid equivalents), DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀=34.01 μg/mL), ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀=3.23 μg/mL), and RP (IC₅₀= 75.63 μg/mL) were found in acetone extract of leaf, while water extract of seed had the lowest antioxidant activity. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of ethanol extract from guava leaf was 69.56%, which was the highest activity among the extracts. These results indicate that useful bioactive substances exist in the guava branch as well as leaf extracts.