Profile of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of different solvent extracts from Rabdosia rubescens

The objective of this work was to investigate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of different extracts from Rabdosia rubescens and to further evaluate the antibacterial mechanism of extracts. The results showed that 80% acetone extracts had the highest contents of total polyphenols (8.09 mg GAE g^?1) and flavonoids (5.69 mg RE g^?1) and exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities, followed by 80% methanol and 80% ethanol, and the lowest for hexane extracts. Others except for hexane extracts showed different antibacterial activities against Gram‐positive strains, while no inhibitory effects were found on tested Gram‐negative bacterial strains. Among these extracts, 80% acetone and ethanol extracts had relatively higher antibacterial activities with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values of 5 and 10 mg mL^?1. The antibacterial mechanism of ethanol extracts against Staphylococcus aureus might be described as it disrupts cell wall, increases cell membrane permeability and then leads to the leakage of cell constituents.     

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Bidens frondosa Linn

Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of essential oil, extract and its fractions of Bidens frondosa Linn were evaluated. Sixty‐one components representing 95.41% of the total oil were identified. The essential oil (7.5 μL disc^?1), methanol extract and its different organic subfractions (0.5 μg disc^?1) of B. frondosa displayed a great potential of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538 and KCTC 1916), Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19116, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 2004, Salmonella enteritidis KCTC 12021 and Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC 2190. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The free radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction was superior to all other fractions (IC₅₀ = 11.96 μg mL^?1), which was higher than synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole, (IC₅₀ = 18.27 μg mL^?1). Furthermore, the amount of total phenolic compounds was determined and its content in EtOAc fraction was the highest as compared to methanol extract or other fractions. The results indicate that the oil and extracts of B. frondosa could serve as an important bio‐resource of antimicrobial agents and antioxidants for using in the food industries.     

Inhibitory effect of Zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim. and Capsicum annuum L. on the activities of pancreatic lipase and α-amylase

Zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim. (ZBM) and Capsicum annuum L. (CAL) are popular condiments in China. In this study, the inhibition of pancreatic lipase and α-amylase by ZBM and CAL extracts, as well as catechin, rutin, hydroxy-α-sanshool (from ZBM extract) and capsaicin (from CAL extract), was determined. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of ZBM extract, CAL extract, rutin, hydroxy-α-sanshool and capsaicin against pancreatic lipase were 82.1, 533.5, 583.8, 565.7 and 62.4 μg mL⁻¹, respectively, while that against α-amylase were 125.6, 1167.2, 213.2195.6 and 163.2 μg mL⁻¹, respectively. Catechin had no detectible inhibition on the two enzymes even at 4 mg mL⁻¹. The combination of hydroxy-α-sanshool and capsaicin against the two enzymes showed similar inhibition trends to that of ZBM and CAL extracts (synergism at low concentrations but antagonism at high concentrations), suggesting the two compounds were closely associated with the functions of the crude extracts. The results obtained from the in vitro digestion were similar but with a lower inhibition rate. Kinetic studies revealed that ZBM extract, hydroxy-α-sanshool and capsaicin showed mixed-type inhibition for pancreatic lipase and α-amylase. Molecular modelling suggested capsaicin had a higher affinity to the two enzymes, with glide scores of −8.18 and −7.87 kcal mol⁻¹, respectively.     

Antibacterial activities and total phenolic contents of grape pomace extracts

The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic contents and antibacterial effects of grape pomace extracts (cultivars Emir and Kalecik karasi) against 14 bacteria, and the effects of the extracts on the growth and survival of two of the bacteria during storage. The total phenolic contents of grape pomace of Emir and Kalecik karasi cultivars extracted with acetone/water/acetic acid (90:9.5:0.5) were 68.77 and 96.25 mg GAE g^?1, respectively. The agar well diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial activity of the extracts at 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% (w/v) concentrations in methanol on spoilage and pathogenic bacteria including Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7. Mycobacterium smegmatis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica. All the bacteria tested were inhibited by extract concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20%, except for Y enterocolitica which was not inhibited by the 2.5% concentration. However, pomace extracts at 1% concentration had no antibacterial activity against some of the bacteria. According to the agar well diffusion method, E coli O157:H7 was the most sensitive of the bacteria. Generally, using the serial dilution method, while the extracts at 0.5% concentration had bacteriostatic activities on E coli O157:H7 and S aureus, the extracts appeared to have bactericidal effects at 1 and 2.5% concentrations. In accordance with this method, S aureus was more sensitive than E coli O157:H7 to the extracts. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

茶槲寄生“螃蟹脚”醇提正丁醇萃取相对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌机理的研究

本文研究了茶槲寄生“螃蟹脚”醇提各萃取相的抑菌作用及正丁醇萃取相（NVBEs）对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌机理。采用滤纸片扩散法测定抑菌圈直径（DIZ）的大小,对倍稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）,来评价“螃蟹脚”醇提各萃取相对金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）、大肠杆菌（E. coli）、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（S. typhimurium）、单核细胞增生李斯特菌（L. monocytogenes）4种食源性腐败菌的抑制性;通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察、胞膜通透性、胞壁完整性和酶活性等实验,研究了NVBEs抑菌机理。结果表明,“螃蟹脚”醇提各萃取相对S. aureus、E. coli、S. typhimurium和L. monocytogenes均有明显抑制效果,其中NVBEs抑菌活性较好,对S. aureus抑制效果最好,DIZ为9.84±0.57 mm,MIC为3.52 mg/mL,MBC为7.04 mg/mL。抑菌机理结果表明：NVBEs可增加S. aureus细胞壁及细胞膜的通透性,破坏菌体细胞结构,引起细胞内含物如核酸和蛋白质等外泄;引起遗传物质DNA的改变,使菌体细胞形态结构出现异常;影响菌体酶的代谢活动,从而抑制细菌的生长。     

Anti-oxidant content of different coloured sweet peppers, white, green, yellow, orange and red (Capsicum annuum L.)

Five different coloured sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum cv. Signal), white, green, yellow, orange and red were analysed for total carotenoids, α‐tocopherol, sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose), organic acids (citric and ascorbic acids) and anti‐oxidant properties. The mature fruits, ‘Signal Red’, ‘Signal Orange’ and ‘Signal Yellow’ contained higher carotenoids, α‐tocopherol, sugars and organic acids than the immature fruits, ‘Signal Green’ and ‘Signal White’. Among the mature fruits, ‘Signal Red’ was the highest in total carotenoids [9.15 mg (100 g)^?1 of fresh weight] while ‘Signal Orange’ was the highest in α‐tocopherol [5.40 mg (100 g)^?1 of fresh weight]. ‘Signal Red’ and ‘Signal Orange’ contained the most sugars and organic acids. The suppression of 2,2′‐azobis (2,4‐dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN)‐induced oxidation of methyl linoleate by the acetone extracts from the coloured sweet peppers resulted as follows: ‘Signal Red’ > ‘Signal Orange’ ≈ ‘Signal Yellow’ > ‘Signal Green’ ≈ ‘Signal White’. The order of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of the acetone extracts was similar to that of suppression of methyl linoleate oxidation.     

Dihydrocapsaicin Oxidation by Capsicum annuum (var. annuum) Peroxidase

Oxidation of dihydrocapsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonanamide) by peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) from Capsicum annuum var. annuum fruits yielded one absorbent oxidation product with E₂₆₂= 4.7 10³ M^?1 cm^?1. Dependence of oxidation rate on dihydrocapsaicin and H₂O₂ concentrations revealed Michaelis-Menten type kinetics with inhibition at high substrate concentrations and optimal pH near 6.0. Dihydrocapsaicin was oxidized by pepper peroxidase, and participation of peroxidase in capsaicinoid metabolism of pepper fruits should be taken into account.     

Characteristics of the leaf parts of some traditional Korean salad plants used for food

BACKGROUND: Total phenolics content, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts from leaf parts of 13 Korean traditional salad plants were investigated in order to determine their properties. RESULTS: The highest phenolics content (mg ferulic acid equivalents kg^?1 dry weight (d.w.), omit one) was found in methanol extracts from Polygonum aviculare, at 293.7 ± 6.0, followed by Euonymus alatus, at 250.7 ± 3.3, Saxifraga stolonifera, at 125.0 ± 8.1 and Ligularia fischeri, at 122.5 ± 5.9. The methanol plant extracts dose‐dependently increased free radical scavenging activity. Methanol extracts of Polygonum aviculare, Euonymus alatus and Saxifraga stolonifera, at 31 mg kg^?1, exhibited the highest 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (%) by 90.8 ± 4.2, 85.7 ± 3.9 and 64.1 ± 3.2, respectively. According to 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the methanol extracts from Portulaca oleracea (IC₅₀ < 25.0 µg mL^?1) showed the highest cytotoxicity against Calu‐6, followed by Plantago asiatica (49.2 µg mL^?1) and Osmunda japonica (89.6 µg mL^?1). CONCLUSION: Total phenolics content of the tested plant extracts was correlated with the DPPH radical scavenging activity, suggesting the phenolics compounds are contributing to the antioxidant properties of Korean salad plants. The leaf parts of the 13 Korean traditional salad plants described here that are currently used as foods may also provide some benefit to human health, and research into their potential benefits as preventative and/or therapeutic agents is warranted. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Solvent effects on antioxidant properties of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Daebong) seeds

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activities of persimmon seed extracts (PSE) using different solvents such as ethanol, methanol, acetone, and their aqueous 80% solvents. The EC₅₀ values of the extracts from absolute ethanol (EE) and methanol (ME) in 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical–scavenging assay were 49.71 and 51.15 μg mL^?1, respectively, while the EC₅₀ of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was 70.82 μg mL^?1. However, the EC₅₀ value of reducing power for the absolute acetone extract (AE) was higher (210.06 μg mL^?1) than that of BHA (212.67 μg mL^?1). Although the absolute ME had the highest antioxidant activity, it exhibited the lowest total phenolics and flavonoids. In contrast, the antioxidant activities of the aqueous solvent extracts showed a good correlation with total phenolics and flavonoids when compared to the absolute solvent extracts. The results showed that PSE could potentially be used as an inexpensive source of natural antioxidant in food and pharmaceutical industries.     

Antioxidant activities of different Teucrium montanum L. Extracts

The sequential extraction of Teucrium montanum L. was realised with five solvents of different polarities (70% methanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n‐butanol) and HPLC method was used for identification of phenolic compounds. The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically according to the Folin–Ciocalteau procedure and range from 0 to 296 mg g^?1. The antioxidant activity of extracts was tested by measuring their ability to scavenge reactive hydroxyl radical during the Fenton reaction, using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Moreover, the influence of these extracts on lipid peroxyl radicals obtained during lipid peroxidation of: (1) sunflower oil (37 °C, 3 h) induced by 4,4′‐azobis(4‐cyanovaleric acid) (ACVA) and (2) liposomes induced by 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidino‐propane)dihydrochloride (AAPH) was studied. n‐Butanol extract, because of the highest content of total phenolic compounds (296 mg g^?1) had the best antioxidant activity (100% at 0.16 mg mL^?1 in Fenton reaction system; 90.57% at 5 mg mL^?1 in system I; 100% at 5 mg mL^?1 in system II).     

Phenols,Flavonoids, and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Leaves and Stem Bark of Morus Species

Leaves and stem bark composition from Morus species (M. alba var. alba, M. alba var. rosa and M. rubra) was evaluated for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in order to enhance its therapeutic uses. Total phenolics and flavonoids contents were estimated in hydromethanolic and aqueous extracts. Results showed highest content in M. rubra leaves aqueous extract (1129 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g dry weight and 816 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g dry weight, respectively). Using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained in aqueous stem barks extracts. M. alba var. alba has an IC₅₀ of 2.84 mg/ml and the IC₅₀ value of M. rubra was the highest (4.78 mg/ml). ABTS^.+ (2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) method and reducing power assay were used to confirm the results from the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test. All extracts expressed considerable free radical-scavenging properties. Hydromethanolic and aqueous extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus feacalis, Staphylococcus epidermis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria. Hydromethanolic stem bark extracts have the highest antimicrobial activities, and it may be a good antimicrobial agent for human gastrointestinal infections. This plant could be used as an additive to foods and also as a possible source to obtain new and effective herbal medicines to treat infections of multi-drug resistant strains of microorganisms.     

Assessment of in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and immune activation potentials of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Phyllanthus niruri

BACKGROUND: Recently much attention has been paid to biologically active plants because of their low production cost and fewer adverse effects compared with chemical drugs. In the present investigation the bioactivity of Phyllanthus niruri ethanol and aqueous extracts was evaluated in vitro. RESULTS: The ethanol extract of P. niruri showed a high level of flavonoid content (123.9 ± 0.002 mg g^?1), while the aqueous extract showed the highest 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; IC₅₀6.85 ± 1.80 µmol L^?1) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS; 46.44 ± 0.53 µmol L^?1) free radical scavenging activities with high phenol content (376 ± 0.02 mg g^?1) and elevated levels of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP; 23 883 ± 0.019 mmol g^?1) with excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (20 mm inhibition zone) and Streptococcus agalactiae (12 mm inhibition zone), respectively, in addition to the best immune activation potential of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (450.5%). CONCLUSIONS: It is clear from our results that both extracts of P. niruri has excellent bioactivity roles via elevated levels of antibacterial, antioxidant and percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation, which could lead to the development of medications for clinical use. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

火炭母提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性及稳定性研究

目的：研究火炭母提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性及稳定性。方法：用牛津杯法和微量肉汤稀释法来测定火炭母提取物的体外抑菌活性,并以金黄色葡萄球菌的OD_{600 nm}值为指标,进一步探讨温度、pH、紫外线及Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺等金属离子对其抑菌稳定性的影响。结果：火炭母提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌具有一定抑菌活性,最小抑菌浓度为8 mg/mL;火炭母提取物在热处理、不同pH、紫外线照射等情况下抑菌活性较为稳定;当添加不同金属离子时其抑菌活性具有明显差异,0.1 mol/L Na⁺、K⁺处理时其抑菌活性有所下降,而在0.1 mol/L Ca²⁺处理时其抑菌活性丧失。结论：火炭母提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌具有稳定的体外抑菌活性。     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Satureja montana L. extracts

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts (aqueous, ethanolic and essential oil) from Satureja montana and to characterise the chemical composition of its essential oil. RESULTS: Satureja montana L. essential oil had relatively high antimicrobial activities against the seven species of bacteria tested. In contrast, aqueous extracts did not reveal antibacterial activity, and the ethanol extract was not effective against Salmonella typhimurium. The major volatile constituents of the essential oil were carvacrol (306 g L^?1), thymol (141 g L^?1), and carvacrol methyl ether (63 g L^?1). The strongest antioxidant capacity was obtained with the hot water extracts of S. montana, whereas the plant essential oil revealed the highest phenolic content. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the bioactive extracts of S. montana have strong potential for use as natural antimicrobials and antioxidants in the preservation of processed food. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Tyrosinase inhibition by water and ethanol extracts of a far eastern sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus

BACKGROUND: Tyrosinase plays a key role in hyperpigmentaion and enzymatic browning. The present study was aimed at investigating the inhibitory effects of water and 70% aqueous ethanol extracts of Stichopus japonicus, a sea cucumber long consumed as a tonic food and traditional medicine, on the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase. RESULTS: In the tyrosinase inhibition study, high‐performance liquid chromatography completely separated L ‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopachrome from other compounds present in the extracts, and provided more reliable results than the commonly used spectrophotometry. The ethanol extract (IC₅₀ = 0.49–0.61 mg mL^?1) showed higher inhibitory activity than the water extract (IC₅₀ = 1.80–1.99 mg mL^?1). Enzyme inhibition by the extracts was reversible and of mixed type. For both extracts, the dissociation constants for binding to free enzyme were significantly smaller than those for binding to enzyme–substrate complex. Ethyl‐α‐D ‐glucopyranoside (IC₅₀ = 0.19 mg mL^?1), isolated for the first time from sea cucumber, and adenosine (IC₅₀ = 0.13 mg mL^?1), were identified as key tyrosinase inhibitors. CONCLUSION: The sea cucumber extracts were demonstrated to possess considerable inhibitory potency against the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase, suggesting that the sea cucumber may be a good source of safe and effective tyrosinase inhibitors. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

雪地茶甲醇提取物体外抑菌活性及其稳定性研究

为初步探究雪地茶体外抑菌活性及其稳定性,采用平板打孔法测定雪地茶甲醇提取物对常见致病菌的体外抑菌活性,以金黄色葡萄球菌作为指示菌,测定不同温度、pH、紫外照射时间等因素对抑菌稳定性的影响,使用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇分级萃取甲醇提取物,确定其抑菌活性物质的极性,并测定其松萝酸含量。结果表明雪地茶甲醇提取物对革兰氏阳性菌如金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、斯氏李斯特菌、表面葡萄球菌、伊氏李斯特氏菌,革兰氏阴性菌如甲型副伤寒杆菌、乙型副伤寒杆菌以及致病真菌白色念珠菌等具有良好的抑菌效果。其中,对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度分别为0.625、10 mg/mL;抑菌稳定性实验结果表明,温度对雪地茶甲醇提取物的抑菌活性无显著影响（P>0.05）,100 ℃处理30 min后仍具有较高的抑菌活性;紫外光照射40 min及50 min的处理组抑菌活性显著下降（P<0.05）,但抑菌率仍保持在90%以上;pH对雪地茶甲醇提取物的抑菌稳定性影响最大,当pH接近生理中性时（pH=6.0）,其抑菌活性与对照组（pH=4.83）无显著差异（P>0.05）,表现出较高抑菌活性,当pH较高（8.0、10.0）或较低（2.0、4.0）时,处理组的抑菌活性极显著下降（P<0.05）,且随着pH的升高或降低而降低;雪地茶甲醇提取物中松萝酸含量为0.8613%,乙酸乙酯萃取物中松萝酸含量为0.9379%。本实验结果证实雪地茶甲醇提取物具有一定的广谱抑菌效果且作用浓度较低,稳定性较好,可用于天然食品防腐剂和植源性抑菌药物的开发利用。     

Antimicrobial activity of food-compatible plant extracts and chitosan against naturally occurring micro-organisms in tomato juice

BACKGROUND: Chitosan (AC) and five hydroalcoholic extracts from Lithospermum erythrorhizon (SE), Rheum palmatum (RE), Thymus vulgaris (AT), Lippia citriodora (PLX) and a mixture of Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia lavandulifolia and Thymus mastichina (LA) were tested for antimicrobial activity against bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi using two broth dilution methods. The effects of adding single extracts on naturally occurring micro‐organisms and sensory qualities of raw tomato juice were also evaluated. RESULTS: SE extract exhibited the strongest activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 100–400 µg mL^?1 for Gram‐positive and 1600–3200 µg mL^?1 for Gram‐negative bacteria. Enterobacter aerogenes showed the greatest susceptibility to AC (MIC 1600 µg mL^?1). Lethal effects of extracts and AC were achieved at a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/MIC ratio of 2 in 88% of assays. SE and RE extracts and AC also exhibited antifungal effect against yeasts, but they had no activity on filamentous fungi. Control and 100 mg L^?1 SE‐added tomato juices did not differ in acceptance, but this SE concentration was not effective in the control of microbial load throughout cold storage. CONCLUSION: Results confirm the antimicrobial potential of the plant extracts, but additional research is needed until the agents responsible for the activities have been determined in order to use them as natural constituents of multiple‐barrier food preservation systems. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

枸杞提取液的活性成分分析及其抑菌性、抗氧化性

以酒泉枸杞为研究对象,测定其提取液中枸杞多糖、甜菜碱、总酚3种活性成分的含量及不同浓度枸杞提取液的抑菌和抗氧化活性。结果表明:枸杞提取液对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)、大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)有抑制作用,抑菌能力随着枸杞提取液浓度的提高而增强,提取液含量为2.5%时,对大肠埃希氏菌的抑制率超过50%,含量为5.0%时,对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率超过50%。通过测定POV值和还原能力得出,枸杞提取液具有抗氧化性:添加5.0%提取液,与添加0.1%BHA猪油的POV值相差不大,添加7.5%提取液,猪油POV值略低于0.1%BHA。吸光度越大,抗氧化性越强,枸杞提取液含量范围为1~10 mg/mL时,A_{700 nm}吸光度范围为0.2760~0.8949。由此可知,枸杞提取物具有较强的抑菌和抗氧化能力。     

In vitro inhibitory effects of cranberry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) extracts on aldose reductase, α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase

The in vitro inhibitory activities of different seed extracts prepared from cranberry bean mutant SA‐05 and its wild‐type variety Hwachia against aldose reductase, α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase were examined. The results indicated that the polyphenolics‐rich extracts obtained using 800 g kg^?1 methanol and 500 g kg^?1 ethanol demonstrated inhibitory activities against aldose reductase (IC₅₀ of 0.36–0.46 mg mL^?1) and α‐glucosidase (IC₅₀ of 1.32–1.94 mg mL^?1). The 500 g kg^?1 ethanol extracts also showed α‐amylase inhibitory activities (IC₅₀ of 70.11–80.22 μg mL^?1). Subsequent extracts, prepared further with NaCl and H₂O from precipitates of 800 g kg^?1 methanol or 500 g kg^?1 ethanol extracts, exhibited potent α‐amylase inhibitory activities (IC₅₀ of 17.68–38.68 μg mL^?1). A combination of 500 g kg^?1 ethanol extraction plus a subsequent H₂O extraction produced highest polyphenolics and α‐amylase inhibitors. The SA‐05 α‐amylase inhibitor extracts showed greater inhibitory activities than that of Hwachia. Thus, cranberry bean mutant SA‐05 is an advantageous choice for producing anti‐hyperglycaemic compounds.     

STABILITY OF ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY OF THAI GREEN CURRY DURING CHILLED STORAGE

Stability of the antibacterial activity of Thai green curry paste during chilled storage for 30 days after various heat treatment methods was investigated. The antibacterial activities of the curry aqueous extracts were tested against eight bacteria species that are foodborne pathogens and also seafood spoilage organisms including Salmonella typhi, Shewanella putrefaciens, Vibrio cholerae non 01 , Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli O157:H7 , Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus. It was found that the heat treatment methods were able to reduce the total viable count by at least 0.78 and 0.62 log cycle in the pasteurized and blanched samples, respectively. The curry aqueous extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus, S. putrefaciens and P. fluorescens with inhibition zones ranging from 22  ±  5 mm. The heat treatment methods with the chilled temperature were able to keep stable the antibacterial activity of the curry throughout the period of storage.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Thai green curry is a very popular curry in Thailand. This research has provided information on the effect of the various pretreatments that could be done to the curry before chilled storage. The antibacterial effect of this curry on pathogenic organisms suggested that the curry possesses medicinal value. The stability of the curry during storage is an indication that the curry could serve as a good marination agent for seafoods.