精炼糖厂离交洗脱液色素黄酮总酚含量的测定及抗氧化物活性的研究

以抗坏血酸和茶多酚为阳性对照,测定离交洗脱液色素的总黄酮及总多酚含量,并采用1,1-二苯基。2．三硝基苯肼（DPPH·）、（2,2’-连氨-（3-乙基苯并噻唑林-6-磺酸）二氨盐）自由基（ABTS＋·）、铁离子还原／抗氧化能力（FRAP）测定法,评价离交洗脱液色素在质量浓度为0．005～1mg／mL范围内的DPPH-自由基清除能力、ABTS＋·自由基清除能力、铁离子的还原／抗氧化能力,考察抗氧化物总黄酮及总多酚含量与抗氧化能力的相关性。     

Quality and Emulsion Stability of Milk from Ettawah Crossed Bred Goat During Frozen Storage

Goat milk has specific chemical composition and physical properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of milk quality and emulsion stability during 60 d frozen storage. Milk sample was taken from three Ettawah Crossedbred goats that were divided into three groups. Samples were frozen and stored for 0, 30 and 60 days. At the end of each storage periode, milk sample was thawed in the refrigerator and analyzed for total number of bacteria, chemical (acidity, pH, free fatty acids), physical (alcohol test, clot on boiling test) quality, and emulsion stability. The microbiological and chemical data were analyzed statistically using one way ANOVA, whereas physical quality and emulsion stabilty were expressed qualitatively. There were no change in the total bacteria, acidity, pH and free fatty acid (FFA) of milk during storage, whereas the assessment by 70% alcohol showed positive since 0 d. Emulsions stability changed after 30 d of storage. While, the clot on boiling (COB) test of milk was positive at 60 d of storage. Recommendation is frozen storage of goat milk should not longer than 30 d.     

壳聚糖涂膜结合冰温贮藏对蓝莓活性成分及抗氧化活性的影响

以蓝莓为试材,研究冷藏、壳聚糖涂膜、冰温和壳聚糖涂膜结合冰温贮藏对蓝莓活性成分含量及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,与直接冷藏相比,壳聚糖涂膜、冰温以及壳聚糖涂膜结合冰温贮藏都能有效延缓蓝莓果实贮藏过程中总花色苷、VC、总酚和总黄酮含量的下降,蓝莓果实中总花色苷、总酚和总黄酮含量与1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力之间均呈显著正相关,能更好地保持蓝莓的抗氧化活性。而壳聚糖涂膜结合冰温贮藏的效果优于单独采用冰温或壳聚糖涂膜贮藏。因此,壳聚糖涂膜结合冰温贮藏能较好地保持蓝莓活性成分含量及抗氧化活性,是一种较为有效的蓝莓贮藏方法。     

Total Phenolics,Antioxidant Activities,and Anthocyanins of Different Grape Seed Cultivars Grown in Jordan

The total phenolics, antioxidant activities, anthocyanins, vitamine E, and tert-butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) of different cultivars of grape seed extracts (GSE) grown in Jordan were evaluated. In addition, antioxidant activities of GSE were investigated using olive oil substrate by oxidative stability instrument (OSI). Results of chemical composition showed that Baladi black and Asbani black had the highest amount of fat content 14.52 and 14.22 g /100 g seed, respectively, followed by Baladi green (13.28 g /100 g seed), Ajloni green (12.24 g/100 g seed), and Khudari green (10.92 g/100 g seed), respectively. The total phenolics and anthocyanins of GSE ranged from 4.66 to 5.12 g/100 g extracts and 0.14 to 0.68 g/100 g extracts, respectively. Antioxidant activities of GSE ranged from 66.4 to 81.40%, while vitamin E and BHT were 90.34 and 94.70%, respectively. Antioxidant activity of the extracts using OSI ranged from 3.10 to 41.13 h induction time, while vitamin E and BHT had 16.33 and 17.20 h, respectively. GSE had high amounts of antioxidants and can be used to retard lipid oxidation in a variety of food products.     

模拟消化中小扁豆活性物质释放和抗氧化能力变化

为了解小扁豆中活性物质在消化过程的变化规律,以白、红、黑、绿4种颜色小扁豆为原料,采用体外模拟消化模型研究口腔、胃和肠消化过程中多酚、黄酮和花青素等活性物质释放和抗氧化能力变化。结果表明：4种颜色小扁豆多酚在消化过程中逐渐释放,肠消化阶段释放量最大,模拟消化结束时,白、红、黑、绿小扁豆多酚释放量分别为1.76、1.91、1.94和2.56 mg GAE/g;黄酮和花青素在胃消化阶段释放量最大,模拟消化结束时,黄酮释放量分别为0.82、1.75、4.15和3.92 mg R/g,花青素释放量分别为0.06、0.15、0.19和0.20 mg/g;黑、绿小扁豆活性物质释放量高于红、白小扁豆。模拟消化过程中,不同消化阶段小扁豆消化产物抗氧化能力具有显著差异（P<0.05）,胃消化阶段4种颜色小扁豆清除DPPH·能力较强,进入肠消化后,DPPH·清除能力显著减弱（P<0.05）,绿色小扁豆消化产物对DPPH·清除能力和铁离子还原力最强。相关性分析表明黄酮释放量和小扁豆抗氧化能力相关性更强,黄酮是小扁豆的主要抗氧化物质。     

Investigating the Antioxidant Potential of Turkish Dried Fruits

In this study, bio-active molecules of ten different dried fruits, which are widely consumed in Turkey, were investigated in terms of their flavonoid profile, antioxidant capacities, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents. According to the results, all dried fruits possess an antioxidant activity at a certain level and have a different flavonoid profile with compounds belonging to the groups of flavonols, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, as well as chlorogenic acid. Dried cranberries and black raisins were observed to have the highest levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and total antioxidant capacity. Especially black raisin samples were featured with their high amounts of catechin and epicatechin.     

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Tomato Cultivars

The bioactive compounds of 16 tomato cultivars, grown in the same field for 2 years (2003 and 2004) were investigated. Lycopene (5.7–26.3 mg kg^?1) was the predominant carotenoid, while β-carotene (2.1–11.2 mg kg^?1) and a small amount of lutein (0.02–0.49 mg kg^?1) were found in all tomato cultivars. Kagome 77, the richest source of total carotenoids and L-ascorbic acid, also showed the highest antioxidant activity. β-Carotene and lutein contents of tomatoes differed between 2 years statistically. Antioxidant activities of tomatoes were found between 48 and 118 μmol TEAC 100 g^?1. A significant correlation was only observed between L-ascorbic acid (2.2–13.8 mg 100 g^?1) and antioxidant activity using TEAC assay.     

Phenolic Profile,Antioxidant Capacity,and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extracts from Six Vitis vinifera L. Varieties

The phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of extracts from vine leaves of six grape varieties collected in May, August, and September was studied. The phenolic potential of the extracts was dependent on variety and picking-time. Extracts of leaves collected in September were the richest in total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols, and stilbenes. The antioxidant properties determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays, and antimicrobial activity against Stapylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Infantis were good and in correlation with the chemical composition changes of the leaf extracts. The results indicated that leaves remaining on the vine in September after the grape harvest could be especially promising as an inexpensive source of effective antioxidant/antimicrobial agents.     

数种果蔬的抗氧化活性评价

测定了华南地区常见的38种果蔬的抗氧化活性值和总酚含量,并比较了两者的相关性。结果表明：大多数果蔬都具有一定的抗氧化活性,其中,姜、紫包菜、香蕉、草莓、乌榄的抗氧化活性较强。38种样品的水溶性总酚含量在15.37-339.48mg/100g之间。全体样品的抗氧化活性值与总酚量的相关系数r=-0.58;叶绿素类r=-0.59;胡萝卜素类r=-0.41;类黄酮类r=-0.81;其它样品r=-0.42,由此说明果蔬抗氧化活性的强弱与果蔬所含特征成分具有较大的关联性。     

Total Antioxidant,Phenolic Compounds,and Total Oxidant Status of Certified and Uncertified Turkey's Honeys

In this study, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total phenols (TP) of seventeen certified and eight uncertified honey samples were analyzed. The TAC and TOS of the samples were determined using novel methods. Uncertified honey samples had significantly lower values for their TP, TAC, and TOS contents than those of certified honey samples. There was significant correlation between TOS and TP values (P < 0.01) and between TOS and TAC values (P < 0.05).     

Antioxidant activity of Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) and characterization of components by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

The Caryocar brasiliense known commonly as pequi is a tropical fruit of Brazilian Cerrado and is considered an important option of income and food for the populations living in this biome. Our previous study indicated that C. brasiliense had high total phenol content (209 g as gallic acid equivalent kg⁻¹) and excellent scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (IC₅₀ of 9.44 μg ml⁻¹). In this study, we evaluated the highly efficient antioxidant activity of C. brasiliense using the biological relevant method of chemically induced lipid peroxidation. The half inhibition concentration did not exceed 0.8 μg ml⁻¹. In addition, polar components of pequi ethanolic extract were investigated by direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The technique revealed the presence of important bioactive components widely reported as potent antioxidants such as gallic acid, quinic acid, quercetin, and quercetin 3-O-arabinose possibly explaining its higher antioxidant activity. This is the first report on the composition by ESI-MS of pequi extract demonstrating excellent antioxidant activity.     

Antioxidant activity of Annona crassiflora: Characterization of major components by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

The polar components of Annona crassiflora pulp, peel and seeds ethanolic extracts were investigated by direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) both in the negative ion mode. Characteristic ESI mass spectra with many diagnostic ions were obtained for the extracts, serving for fast and reliable information. The technique provided information of component structures revealing the presence of important bioactive components widely reported as potent antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, caffeic acid, quinic acid, ferulic acid, xanthoxylin, rutin, caffeoyltartaric acid, caffeoyl glucose and [quercetin+hexose+pentose−H]⁻¹ This is the first report on the composition by ESI-MS of araticum peel and seed ethanolic extracts demonstrating excellent antioxidant activity.     

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of the Anthocyanins in Sageretia theezans Brongn Fruit

Antioxidant activities of the extract containing anthocyanins from fruit of Sageretia theezans Brongn were investigated in this work. The fruit of Sageretia theezans Brongn was treated with 0.001 mol·L^–1 HCl in a solid (g): liquid (mL) ratio 1:10 to give extract. Total anthocyanins content was 253.10 ± 2.31 mg in 100 g fruit. The anthocyanins in extract were determined as cyanidin-3-sophorose-5-glucoside (Cy-3-Sp-5-Glu), petunidin-3-(6′-malonyl)-glucoside (Pt-3-(6’-Mal)-Glu), malvinidin-3-glucosid (Mv-3-Glu), and peonidin-3-(6′-malonyl)-glucoside (Pn-3-(6’-Mal)Glu) in 0.38, 22.57, 44.32, and 30.86%, respectively, by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Antioxidant activities of the anthocyanins in extract were evaluated by methods of ferric reducing antioxidant power, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, and superoxide radical scavenging assay. The anthocyanins in extract exhibited obvious antioxidative activities. These results suggested that the fruit of Sageretia theezans Brongn could be considered as a good source of natural antioxidants.     

温州蜜柑、椪柑采后酚类物质及抗氧化活性比较研究

通过研究温州蜜蜂柑、椪柑两个常见柑橘品种贮藏期间类黄酮、酚酸类物质及抗氧化活性的变化规律,评价其采后的营养品质。结果表明：贮藏60d后温州蜜柑较好地保持了抗坏血酸含量,而椪柑损失较大。类黄酮类物质较稳定,温州蜜柑中黄烷酮含量贮藏后有所增加,椪柑中则呈缓慢下降趋势,2种柑橘中酚酸类物质贮藏后都有所增加。总酚含量在贮藏前期呈下降趋势,贮藏后期温州蜜柑中总酚含量增加而在椪柑中进一步下降。抗氧化能力与抗坏血酸的变化趋势类似。与椪柑相比,贮藏期间温州蜜柑能更好地保持果实的营养品质及酚类物质,从而保持较高的抗氧化活性。     

果蔬酚类物质抗氧化活性研究

采用基于不同机理的抗氧化方法对果蔬中常见的酚类物质单体,包括黄烷酮、多甲氧基黄酮、黄酮醇、酚酸等活性成分行了较全面的评价。结果显示酚类物质的抗氧化能力与其结构有密切关系。对天然产物或抗氧化剂的抗氧化能力的评价应该采用至少两种机理不同的抗氧化方法进行测试,才能取得较为客观有效的结论。     

Antioxidant activity of commercial buckwheat flours and their free and bound phenolic compositions

Commercial buckwheat flours were investigated for their antioxidant activities, free, and bound phenolic compositions using spectrophotometer, LC–ESI-IT-MS, and LC–ESI-Q-TOF-MS. Farinetta flour contained the highest free and bound phenolic contents, followed by Supreme, whole buckwheat, and Fancy flour, respectively. The 50% ethanol extraction achieved significantly higher free phenolic content compared with water and absolute alcohol. The absolute ethanol extraction contained considerable more bound phenolic and flavonoid compounds. A high extraction temperature increased the phenolic contents. The optimal solvent to solids ratio was 50:1, and the optimal extraction time was 5 h for flavonoids. The spectral method was reproducible for analysing the total flavonoid contents. The LC–ESI-Q-TOF-MS studies on whole buckwheat flour showed that p-coumaric and gallic acids were found in the bound phenolics along with isoquercitrin but were not present in the free phenolic compounds. The free flavonol-glycosides were found in whole buckwheat flour but not in any other buckwheat flours.     

Antioxidant properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) bagasses obtained as co-product in the juice extraction

The aim of this work was to determine the total phenol (TPC), the total flavonoid (TFC), the tannins contents (TC), organic acids and sugar contents and the antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice extraction bagasses, which were obtained in two different ways: (i) Direct extraction that involved arils and peel (WFB) and (ii) only from arils (AB). Four different test systems were used, namely the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); determination of antioxidant activity with thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and the ferrous ion-chelating ability (FIC). WFB presented higher total phenolic, flavonoid and tannins contents (10.05 mg gallic acid equivalent/g sample; 7.19 mg rutin equivalent/g sample and 8.18 mg catechin/g sample) than AB. The organic acid detected were oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid and succinic acid while the sugar identified were fructose and glucose. As regards antioxidant activity, at all concentrations and with all methods, the WFB samples showed a higher antioxidant activity than AB samples. BHT, used as control positive, present higher antioxidant activity than WFB and AB in all antioxidant methods used except in the FRAP assay.The results of this study indicate that pomegranate bagasse obtained as co-product in the process to obtain juice may be considered a good source of natural compounds with significant antioxidant activity which could be suitable for applications on the food industry as potential ingredient for food products.     

鲢鱼鱼糜在冻藏过程中理化特性的变化

研究了鲢鱼鱼糜在-10℃与-20℃冻藏过程中盐溶性蛋白含量、Ca2+-ATPase活性及保水性的变化。结果表明,三项指标在冻藏过程中都显著下降,且呈现二段下降规律;三项指标的变化之间呈现一定的相关性;SDS-PAGE电泳显示,鲢鱼鱼糜蛋白在冻藏过程中形成了二硫键。     

高粱糠中不同存在形态酚类物质的组成及抗氧化活性

本文提取了高粱糠中的游离酚、可溶性酯型酚、可溶性苷型酚、束缚型酯型酚和束缚型苷型酚,用高效液相色谱法测定其中15种酚类化合物的含量,并对抗氧化能力进行研究,其中包括DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、O2-自由基清除率的测定,以及Fe3+还原力的测定实验等。实验结果表明:本实验研究的高粱糠的游离酚、可溶性酯型酚、可溶性苷型酚、束缚型酯型酚和束缚型苷型酚的含量分别为645.27、138.57、48.67、118.92、176.06 mg GAE/100 g DW;阿魏酸和水杨酸的含量较高,分别为39.04%和28.04%,3,4-二羟基苯甲酸的含量最低(0.09%);阿魏酸主要以束缚型的形式存在,可溶性酚中的异绿原酸的含量较高,而游离酚中水杨酸的含量最高;不同存在形态的酚类物质的抗氧化能力在不同的抗氧化体系中略有差异,总的来说,束缚型酯型酚、束缚型苷型酚、可溶性酯型酚的抗氧化能力较强,虽然游离酚含量最高,但其抗氧化能力较弱。