半导体氧化锌的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶剂热法制备不同形貌、不同大小的纳米ZnO粉体,以偶氮染料甲基橙(MO,Methyl Orange)作为光催化试验研究的对象,考察不同ZnO粉体、溶液的不同pH值、溶液的初始质量浓度和ZnO粉体投加量等因素对光催化氧化降解甲基橙的影响。研究结果表明:四种ZnO粉体的光催化性能都很强,纳米ZnO粉体适用于染料废水的光催化氧化;四种样品对MO溶液的脱色率的顺序为,锤状(20 nm)>椭球状(20 nm)>锤状(50 nm～100 nm)>棒状(直径10 nm,长径比10～30);溶液在酸性和pH>9的碱性环境中都较容易降解,pH在9左右是ZnO的等电点,对溶液的脱色率最低;试验确定甲基橙的最佳初始质量浓度为15 mg/L,每升甲基橙溶液最佳ZnO粉体的投加量为1 g。     

CuO-SnO2纳米粉体制备及其气敏元件气敏性能研究

为了获得纳米级的CuO-SnO2气敏粉体和所得粉体制作成CO2气体有好的气敏性能的气敏元件,用Sol-Gel法进行制备,运用DSC-TG、XRD、TEM等分析手段对不同热处理温度和不同配比浓度的粉体进行了表征,并对制成的气敏元件进行气敏性能测试;通过对所得粉体的表征可知,用Sol-Gel法制备出的CuO-SnO2粉体是纳米级的,比表面积大,活性好,其最佳热处理温度为600℃。CuO摩尔分数为4%的CuO-SnO2气敏元件对CO2气体有最好灵敏度,且有较好的选择性,响应和恢复时间也在可应用的范围之内。     

纳米硫化铜粉体的制备与应用研究现状

纳米硫化铜粉体性能优越,是一种重要的光电导材料,用途广泛。介绍纳米硫化铜粉体的制备方法:沉淀法、固相法、水热法、乳液法、模板法、微波加热法、喷雾热解法等,还介绍纳米硫化铜粉体在发光方面以及在润滑方面等的应用研究。最后对纳米硫化铜粉体研究前景及存在的问题提出看法。     

低银纳米掺杂Ag/SnO_2触头材料的制备及性能研究

以氧化铜(Cu O)和氧化镧(La2O3)为掺杂剂,采用高能球磨工艺制备纳米Sn O2粉体,再将粉体与银粉(Ag)通过球磨混粉制成银氧化锡复合粉体,分别采用模压工艺和热挤压工艺制成银的质量分数为82%的纳米掺杂Ag/Sn O2触头材料。利用扫描电子显微镜、电导率测试仪、显微硬度仪和热重分析仪对制备的粉体和触头材料进行显微组织观察及性能测试,并分析热挤压工艺对触头材料显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:经球磨混粉制备的复合粉体中氧化物在银基体中分布均匀;热挤压工艺制备的Ag/Sn O2触头材料的密度、硬度和电导率分别比模压工艺提高6.25%、55.19%和10.75%,热失重百分率减少了1.55%。     

W-Ni-Fe系纳米复合粉体的制备工艺研究

选择W-Ni-Fe系作为高密度钨合金材料体系,采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备出纳米氧化物复合粉体,用化学气相还原制备得到W-Ni-Fe系纳米复合粉体,研究了添加表面活性剂、还原温度、还原时间等工艺参数对粉体形貌粒径等物化性能的影响,确定了最佳工艺参数。     

金属醇盐水解法制备电池材料LiNiO2

为制备电池jF极材料LiNiO2,采用了金属醇盐水解法.其过程为向80mL乙醇和1mL乙酰丙酮混合溶液中加入0.27g锂片,采用金属阳极溶解法控制电流为0.2A电解镍片6h,制得纳米LiNiO2前驱体.将电解液控制pH-9.0直接水解形成凝胶,经洗涤、干燥后在500℃煅烧2h,制得纳米LiNiO2粉体.产物通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、电子透射显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)进行表征.结果表明.所得前驱体结构为LiNi(OEt)(4-n)(acac)n(acac为乙酰丙酮基);干凝胶500℃煅烧后所得纳米LiNiO2粉体的粒径为25～35nm.     

煅烧温度对SiC-Al2O3-Y2O3复合粉体分散性与烧结性的影响

为获得具有良好使用性能的碳化硅基陶瓷复合材料,以亚微米级Si C粉体和分析纯的Al(NO_3)_3与Y(NO_3)_3为主要实验原料、氨水为沉淀剂,用共沉淀包覆方法制备Si C-Al_2O_3-Y_2_O3纳米复合粉体,对复合粉体前驱体的DTA进行分析,并研究其在煅烧过程中的物相变化,以及煅烧温度对复合粉体的分散性和烧结性的影响。结果表明:Al_2O_3和Y_2O_3反应生成新相YAG,当YAG质量分数为10%、煅烧温度为600℃,复合粉体的烧结性能最好。     

在乙二醇溶液中制备金属氧化物催化剂

在50mL圆底烧瓶中,通过乙二醇溶液制备了铁配合物Fe(OCH2CH2OH)3,将溶液直接水解制备出纳米Fe2O3粉体.通过红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振对产物Fe(OCH2CH2OH)3进行表征,通过x射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对纳米Fe2O3进行表征.实验表明,前驱体中含有OCH2CH2OH基团,可以有效克服水解与煅烧过程中的团聚现象.经450℃煅烧2h得到的纳米Fe2O3粉体颗粒分散较好,粒径为20～35nm.     

硬脂酸法制备TiO2纳米粉体

用硬脂酸法制备了TiO2纳米晶,用红外光谱仪(FTIR),X射线粉末衍射(XRD ),透射电子显微镜(TEM)对TiO2纳米晶进行了分析和表征.研究结果表明:在纳米TiO 2的制备过程中,硬脂酸不仅起到溶剂、分散剂的作用,还作为反应物参与反应;所得纳米TiO2随热处理温度的上升发生了从锐钛矿到金红石相的转变;利用硬脂酸法能在较低温度500℃得到金红石结构.     

铁纳米颗粒的热行为及热稳定性

采用梯级加热的方法对铁纳米颗粒进行了处理。根据透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)的表征结果,在时间上反演了铁纳米颗粒的被加热过程,同时对铁纳米颗粒的热行为和热稳定性进行了分析。研究结果表明,实验所用的铁纳米颗粒具有突变型的氧化行为特征,其在大气中的氧化转变临界温度在523K左右,此温度以下该种铁纳米颗粒能够保持成分及性质稳定,可以安全使用。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.