聚苯醚接枝马来酸酐/聚酰胺66共混物的制备与性能

通过辐照法将马来酸酐(MAH)基团接枝到聚苯醚(PPE)上,制备了PPE-g-MAH,将其和聚酰胺(PA)66通过熔融共混挤出方法制备了PPE-g-MAH/PA66共混物。采用差示扫描量热、吸水性实验、维卡软化和热变形实验、拉伸和冲击性能测试及动态力学性能测试等对PPE-g-MAH/PA66共混物性能进行了研究。结果表明,与PPE/PA66共混物相比,PPE-g-MAH/PA66共混物的耐热性能、力学性能和吸水性能均得到改善;随PPE-g-MAH含量的增加,PPE-g-MAH/PA66共混物中PA66的熔融温度和玻璃化转变温度均向PPE方向移动,表明两者的相容性有所提升,且共混物的维卡软化温度、热变形温度、25℃之前的储能模量均升高,吸水率降低;当PPE-g-MAH含量较低时,共混物拉伸强度提升明显而冲击强度升幅较小,当PPE-g-MAH含量较高时,共混物冲击强度提升明显而拉伸强度基本不变。因此,可以根据实际的应用要求选择合适的PPE-g-MAH含量。     

PA6含量对PVC/PA6共混物形态结构与力学性能的影响

以EVA-g-MAH为相容剂,将PVC与自制的低熔点PA6共混制备了PVC/PA6共混物。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和力学性能测试研究了PA6含量对PVC/PA6共混物形态结构及力学性能的影响。SEM分析结果显示:随着PA6含量的增加,PVC/PA6共混物的分散相尺寸逐渐增大,当PA6含量为10%时,共混物中分散相的分散尺寸最小为1μm;当PA6含量为50%时,共混物为两相共连续结构;当PA6含量为60%时,共混物中PA6为连续相,PVC为分散相。力学性能测试结果表明:当PA6含量为10%时,共混物的缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度都较PVC有明显提高,分别提高了约50%与30%,达到了6.29kJ/m2和60MPa。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了PVC/PA6共混物的结晶温度,检测结果显示:PVC/PA6共混物呈现非晶结构。     

PPS/PA66/GF复合材料的制备及性能研究

在聚苯硫醚（PPS）树脂基体中引入聚酰胺66（PA66）,随着PA66含量增加,PPS/PA66共混物的拉伸强度和弯曲强度逐渐下降,结合PPS/PA66共混物的相形貌分析,提出了通过玻璃纤维（GF）的引入,制备具有互锁结构的PPS/PA66/GF三元体系复合材料,达到同时提高复合材料的强度、刚度及韧性的目的。分别考察了短玻璃纤维（SGF）和中长玻璃纤维（LGF）增强PPS/PA66的综合性能。结果表明,GF的引入显著提高了共混物的力学性能,同时,PPS/PA66/SGF和PPS/PA66/LGF复合材料的扫描电子显微镜和动态力学性能分析都表明共混物内部形成了一个高度互锁的结构。     

PP-g-GMA的制备及其增容PP/PA6共混物的性能

通过熔融接枝反应制备了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-GMA）,并将其作为聚丙烯/聚酰胺6（PP/PA6）共混物的相容剂,研究了PP-g-GMA对PP/PA6共混物的力学性能及形态结构的影响。结果表明,采用滴定法测得PP-g-GMA接枝率为3.35 %;当PP-g-GMA的添加量为4 %（质量分数,下同）和8 %时,PP/PA6/PP-g-GMA共混物的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度分别较PP/PA6共混物提高了32.4 %和60.4 %;PP-g-GMA显著改善了PP/PA6 共混物的界面相容性,是PP/PA6共混物的有效增容剂。     

不同原始颗粒尺寸的PHE对PA66/PHE共混物力学性能影响

使用不同原始颗粒尺寸的聚酚氧(PHE)通过双螺杆挤出机分别与尼龙(PA)66共混制备PA66/PHE共混物.测试其力学性能,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征.研究发现,小颗粒尺寸的PHE制备的PA66/PHE共混物的分散相尺寸小、分散均匀且冲击强度得到提高,呈现协同效应,而拉伸强度基本与纯PA66保持一致;大颗粒尺寸的PHE制备的PA66/PHE共混物的分散相尺寸较大且容易发生团聚,其冲击强度降低,而拉伸强度有所增加.     

PPS/PA66共混物的结构与性能研究

为了制备燃油汽车发动机用新型塑料进气歧管,制备了几种不同配比的PPS/PA66共混物,并对其结构与性能进行了研究。DSC分析表明,PPS/PA66共混物出现了两组分的结晶熔融峰,当共混体系中PA66的质量分数低于60%时,共混物中的PA66破坏了PPS的结晶环境,PPS的结晶度降低,其拉伸强度也随之降低;随着PA66含量的增加,共混物的结晶度提高,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率也得到了相应的提高。SEM及红外光谱分析表明,随组分含量的变化,共混体系发生了相的转变。     

聚酰胺66/改性耐热聚乳酸共混物的力学性能和结晶行为

采用熔融共混和注射成型制备了改性耐热聚酰胺66/聚乳酸（PA66/PLA）共混物,经热处理后,探讨了PLA含量对共混物的断口样貌形态、力学性能以及结晶性能的影响。结果表明,PLA与PA66具有一定的相容性,当PLA的含量不超过10 %（质量分数,下同）时,PA66/PLA共混物的拉伸强度在PA66的93 %以上,其断裂伸长率对比PLA得到了倍数级的增长,是PLA断裂伸长率的8.6倍;当PLA的含量不超过20 %时,共混物的结晶性能变好,提升结晶速率,缩短结晶时间,结晶度有所提高;但当PLA的含量超过20 %以后,共混物的拉伸强度则出现了不同程度的降低。     

PA11/PA1010共混物的性能研究

采用熔体共混的方法制备了聚酰胺11/聚酰胺1010(PA11/PA1010)共混物,通过力学性能和差示扫描量热(DSC)测试,研究了PA11/PA1010共混物的力学与结晶性能。测试结果表明:PA1010对PA11同时具有增韧、增强作用;当PA11/PA1010为70/30时,共混物开始出现两个结晶峰和低温熔融峰;共混物的结晶和熔融以PA11为主,兼具有PA11和PA1010的优良性能;断裂伸长率、拉伸强度与缺口冲击强度均达到极大值。     

热塑性淀粉增韧改性聚酰胺6的研究

将甘油增塑玉米淀粉制得的热塑性淀粉（TPS）与聚酰胺6（PA6）进行熔融共混,制备PA6/TPS共混物,研究不同含量的甘油和TPS对PA6/TPS共混物性能的影响,并探讨TPS增韧PA6的机理。采用万能试验机、溶体流动速率仪和扫描电子显微镜对改性PA6进行表征。结果表明,加入TPS后,共混物的冲击强度和拉伸模量有所提高,而拉伸强度和熔体流动速率略有下降,表明TPS对PA6起到了有机刚性粒子增韧的作用;TPS对PA6的增韧机理主要是界面脱黏、空化作用;甘油含量对TPS改性PA6的韧性影响显著,甘油含量为25 %的TPS添加量为25 %时,其增韧效果最好,冲击强度比PA6提高了63 %。     

PA1012/SMA共混物的制备及性能研究

采用双螺杆挤出方法制备尼龙1012(PA1012)/苯乙烯-马来酸酐(SMA)共混物,研究了SMA含量对PA1012/SMA共混物力学性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了PA1012/SMA共混物的微观形态。结果表明,加入SMA,共混物冲击强度呈先增加后降低趋势,共混物拉伸强度和弹性模量降低。当SMA含量为0.5%时,PA1012/SMA共混物冲击强度最大,高达298 J/m,为韧性断裂,力学性能较优;PA1012/SMA共混物比纯PA1012结晶温度升高10℃,有利于结晶;SEM观察到随着SMA分散相粒子含量的增加,在PA1012基质中分散更明显且均匀。     

Interfacial modification of high density polyethylene/glass fiber reinforced and non reinforced polyamide 66 blends

High density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyamide (PA66) are well known to be incompatible. An ionomer (Surlyn) was added as a compatibilizer to HDPE and glass fiber reinforced (HDPE/GFRPA66) and non‐reinforced (HDPE/PA66) blends. Two compositions were considered: 25/75 wt % and 75/25 wt %, with an emphasis on the former formulation. The influence of the compatibilizer on the rheology, thermal properties, and the morphology, as well as mechanical properties of the blends, was investigated using melt flow index measurements, DSC, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and impact strength. The ionomer was found to be more effective as a compatibilizer with HDPE as a minor phase compared to the case when HDPE becomes the major phase. The results indicated that the interfacial properties of the blends were improved, with a maximum appearing at a critical concentration of the ionomer (7.5 vol %). At this level of compatibilization, SEM analysis revealed better interfacial adhesion and a finer dispersion. MFI results revealed a probable reaction between the amine groups of PA66 and the acid functions of the ionomer. The mechanical properties support the above results and showed that the addition of 25 wt % HDPE did not affect the properties of PA66 much and the presence of glass fiber did not hinder the effect of the compatibilizer. Only 20% decrease in notched Izod impact strength of the blends is observed at 7.5 vol % ionomer content, suggesting that the addition of 25 wt % of HDPE to PA66 is not detrimental at this level of compatibilization. The emulsification curve was established and revealed that, in terms of impact properties, the finer the particle size, the higher the impact strength corresponding to 7.5 vol % ionomer content. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1748–1760, 2005     

Polyamide 66 binary and ternary nanocomposites: Mechanical and morphological properties

Polyamide 66 (PA 66)/impact modifier blends and polyamide/organoclay binary and PA 66/organoclay/impact modifier ternary nanocomposites were prepared by the melt‐compounding method, and the effects of the mixing sequences on the morphology and mechanical and flow properties were investigated. Lotader AX8840 and Lotader AX8900 were used as impact modifiers. The concentrations of the impact modifiers and the organoclay (Cloisite 25A) were maintained at 2 and 5 wt %, respectively. Both the binary and ternary nanocomposites displayed high tensile strength and Young's modulus values compared to the PA 66/impact modifier blends. Decreases occurred in the strength and stiffness of the binary nanocomposites upon incorporation of the elastomeric materials into the polymeric matrix. In general, the mixing sequence in which all three ingredients were added simultaneously and extruded twice (the All‐S mixing sequence) exhibited the most enhanced mechanical properties in comparison with the mixing sequences in which two of the components were extruded in the first extrusion step and the third ingredient was added in the second extrusion step. The mechanical test results were in accordance with the organoclay dispersion. The impact strength was highly affected by the elastomeric domain sizes, interdomain distances, interfacial interactions, and organoclay delamination. The smallest elastomeric domain size was obtained for the All‐S mixing sequence, whereas the elastomeric domain sizes of the other mixing sequences were quite close to each other. Drastic variations were not observed between the melt viscosities of the ternary nanocomposites prepared with different mixing sequences. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Ionomer compatibilised PA6/EVA blends: mechanical properties and morphological characterisation

The compatibilisation of PA6/EVA blends with the addition of an ionomer on the mechanical properties and morphology were studied as a function of ionomer concentration with the primary aim of enhancing the impact strength of PA6 by EVA. The level of EVA was kept at 20%, which formed the dispersed phase, and the ionomer content was varied from 0 to 1.6 wt%. It was found that notched Izod impact strength of PA6/EVA/ionomer blends increased with the incorporation of ionomer to about three times of the value for uncompatibilised PA6/EVA blends. Further, it was observed that on incorporation of the ionomer the tensile strength also increased significantly. Analysis of the tensile data using predictive theories indicated an enhanced interaction of the dispersed phase and the matrix. SEM studies of cryogenically fractured surfaces indicated a decrease in dispersed phase domain size with the addition of the ionomer, while the impact fractured surfaces of PA6/EVA blends indicated extensive deformation with the formation of rumples indicating increased interfacial adhesion as compared to PA6/EVA blends. An attempt has been made to evaluate the compatibilising efficiency of ionomer in PA6/EVA blends.     

Toughening and compatibilization of polyphenylene sulfide/nylon 66 blends with SEBS and maleic anhydride grafted SEBS triblock copolymers

In this study, styrene‐b‐ethylene/butylene‐b‐styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) and maleic anhydride grafted SEBS (SEBS‐g‐MA) were used as compatibilizers for the blends of polyphenylene sulfide/nylon 66 (PPS/PA66). The mechanical properties, including impact and tensile properties and morphology of the blends, were investigated by mechanical properties measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Impact measurements indicated that the impact strength of the blends increases slowly with elastomer (SEBS and SEBS‐g‐MA) content upto 20 wt %; thereafter, it increases sharply with increasing elastomer content. The impact energy of the elastomer‐compatibilized PPS/PA66 blends exceeded that of pure nylon 66, implying that the nylon 66 can be further toughened by the incorporation of brittle PPS minor phase in the presence of SEBS or SEBS‐g‐MA. The compatibilization efficiency of SEBS‐g‐MA for nylon‐rich PPS/PA66 was found to be higher than SEBS due to the in situ forming SEBS interphase between PPS and nylon 66. The correlation between the impact property and morphology of the SEBS‐g‐MA compatibilized PPS/PA66 blends is discussed. The excellent impact strength of the nylon‐rich blends resulted from shield yielding of the matrix. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

剪切作用下POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用

采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚酰胺1010/聚丙烯（PA1010/PP）共混物,通过扫描电镜、力学性能和差示扫描量热等方法研究了剪切作用下马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-MAH）和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MAH）对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用。结果表明,同样条件下,PP-g-MAH增容体系的相区尺寸较小,相界面更模糊,PP相的结晶温度和结晶度明显提高,共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度均高于非增容体系。而POE-g-MAH增容体系的相区尺寸相对较大,PP相的结晶温度和结晶度明显降低,共混物只有冲击强度明显高于非增容体系,拉伸强度略低于非增容体系。     

PP-g-MAH增容PP/PA66共混物的形态结构和性能

用固相接技法制备了马来酸酐接枝改性聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH),研究了PP-g-MAH增容PP/PA66共混物的形态结构和性能。结果表明,未用PP-g-MAH增容的PP/PA66共混物是热力学不相容的海岛型两相结构,而用PP-g-MAH增客的PP/PA66共混物虽是两相结构,但分散相粒子尺寸大大减小,PP-g-MAH对PP/PA66共混物实现了反应性增容。与不含PP-g-MAH的PP/PA66共混物相比,PP-g-MAH增容的PP/PA66共混物的拉伸强度提高约10 MPa,弯曲强度提高约10 MPa,弯曲模量增加10％,缺口冲击强度和伸长率保持不变。     

马来酸酐接枝物对PE/PA6共混物相容性的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了PP/PA6/POE-g-MAH和PP/PA6/PP-g-MAH共混物。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热(DSC)仪分析和力学性能测试研究了增容剂POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH对PP/PA6共混物相容性、形态结构和宏观力学性能的影响。结果表明,在PP/PA6共混体系中分别加入POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH不仅能显著改善两相界面的相容性,减小分散相的粒径,而且能使共混物的力学性能显著提高。当增容剂的用量为5份时,PP/PA6共混物有较好的综合力学性能。POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH增容PP/PA6共混体系非等温结晶行为的研究表明,POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH均能促进PA6对PP基体的异相成核作用。     

Influence of PP content on mechanical properties,water absorption,and morphology in PA6/PP blend

PA6/polypropylene (PP) blends are investigated for obtaining balanced strength and toughness. The focus of this study is to understand the effect of PP content on mechanical property, water absorption, impact strength, thermal behavior, and morphology of PP in the absence and presence of PP-g-maleic anhydride compatibilizer. In comparison to pure PA6, all blends have higher impact strength with 161 and 124% increase at 5 wt % PP content in uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends (UB and CB), respectively. Morphology of impact fractured samples shows brittle fracture in the case of CB. scanning electron microscope of cryogenically fractured samples show decrease in domain size and change in shape from ellipsoid to spherical, from UB to CB. Then, 75% reduction in water absorption is observed for 50 wt % PP content UB. Postwater absorption yield strength (YS) remains constant above 10 wt % PP in both UB and CB and decrease in YS is less at higher PP content in CB. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47690.