制革企业向新型制造业转型的制约因素研究(续)

结合制革企业目前的发展现状及面临的主要问题,明确了制革企业向新型制造业转型的动因,利用改进的层次分析法对制约因素进行了重要性排序,根据排序结果,从构建绿色发展模式、改善技术获取方式、塑造软实力竞争优势和完善内部人才培养体系4个方面,为制革企业向新型制造业的转型提出了相应的对策建议。     

业界动态

正2014皮革先进制造业论坛在海宁召开2014年9月28日,由浙江省皮革行业协会、中国皮革行业协会制革专业委员会、中国皮革行业协会皮革机械专业委员会联合主办,四川大学浙江皮革校友会、海宁市皮革行业协会联合承办的"2014年皮革先进制造业论坛"在浙江海宁召开。论坛紧紧围绕"制革行业向先进制造业转型升级"展开,重点研讨了制革行业向先进制造业迈进的迫切性、先     

制革企业职业危害预防措施分析

自从我国改革开放以来,我国的制造业就获得了比较大的发展,由于我国具有比较明显的廉价劳动力优势,所以改革开放以后,我国的劳动力密集型产业就得到了迅速的发展,其中尤其以制造业的发展尤为明显。制革行业作为我国制造业中的重要部分,制革企业在发展的过程中面临着很多的潜在风险和危害,尤其会给工作人员带来一些比较严重的职业危害,威胁工作人员的身体健康。因此本文就针对制革企业的职业危害进行分析,探究职业危害的预防措施,提出制革企业,发展过程中的安全生产标准化系统,最大程度做好职业危害的防范工作,保障工作人员的身体健康和生命安全。     

数字经济赋能皮革制造业转型升级研究

在皮革产业高速发展的背景下,皮革制造业转型升级成为产业发展需要关注的重点问题。借助数字经济支撑,推动皮革制造业向服务型、高质量和创新方向发展,是制造业转型发展的基本方向。单纯依赖传统技术体系和生产管理模式,必然无法满足皮革制造业转型升级要求。以数字经济为导向,构建智能化协同运行体系,是皮革制造业转型升级的根本力量。本文在明确皮革制造业转型升级方向与内容的基础上,分析数字经济赋能皮革制造业转型升级的作用路径和作用机制,探索皮革制造业转型升级创新模式,为皮革制造业企业转型发展提供参考。     

环保成西南制革业发展的最大瓶颈

在中国西南地区，如四川、重庆、贵州、云南，曾经云集着大小制革企业数百家。由于计划经济向市场经济转型，国营、集体制革企业先后受到冲击．不是宣布倒闭就是名存实亡。而在近几年生存下来的企业中．由于环保和市场因素．西南制革行业还没有形成产业优势。     

皮革企业预警：欧盟PFOS指令实施

2008年以来,世界经济环境发生了一系列巨大的变化,整个制造业伴随着经济发展也在加速发展,对于濒临生死存亡的佛山制革业来说,面对环保、原材料价格上涨、人民币升值等多种因素的困扰,众多制革企业走到了发展的十字路口,今后如何发展,多数制革企业负责人除了无奈地感叹外,仍然保持着积极的心态为企业日夜操劳。为了使自己小规模的企业由于环保原因不被政府砍掉,采取了与当地小企业强强联手,互帮互助的方式各自为企业的生存努力着。尽管如此,佛山皮革业仍然面临生死攸关的考验,那么,佛山制革业企业到底该何去何从呢？     

中小制革企业融资对策研究

为了改善当前中小制革企业发展过程中存在的融资困难问题,采用创新发展模式,为中小制革企业开拓新型融资渠道,提供长期且稳定的资本性资金,满足中小制革企业对资金的需求。利用互联网技术及供应链担保融资分析,可为中小制革企业的融资问题提供方向。加强中小型制革企业内部对于融资管理的制度建设,探索适合中小制革企业发展的融资模式,为制革企业的未来发展提供有力依据。     

透过年报看行业——制革行业上市公司业绩观察

<正>截止4月30日,兴业科技、卡森国际、粤海制革3家在A股、H股上市的国内制革企业,完成了2014年年报及2015年第一季度报的披露工作。在转型升级和平稳发展为制革行业新常态的背景下,3家企业年报和季度报告也给我们带来了不一样的风景。2014年。制革行业上市公司都做了什么,有什么效果,给我们带来了什么启示?本刊通过对年报的分析,解读上市制革企业2014的业绩,梳理制革行业2014年的发展路径,透视制革行业2015年发展趋势。     

精益研发提升产品设计质量

《中国制造2025》瞄准世界制造业发展的趋势,把智能制造作为中国制造业的落脚点和主攻方向。中国制造业必将全面推进由粗放式制造向绿色制造、传统生产型制造向服务型制造的转型升级,实现由价值链低端向价值链高端、低技术制造向高技术制造的跨越式发展。精益研发作为中国制造业转型升级、实现跨越式发展的突破点和重点,必将成为实现《中国制造2025》宏伟战略目标的重要抓手。企业可通过构建以过程能力为核心的研发创新体系,实现产品设计质量提升。     

生态转型 持续发展

作为制革企业,最关心的就是当前国家的环保政策,当前制革产业新的发展思路、环保理念和先进技术。由中国皮革协会主办,大陆台商皮革业联谊会和北海东红制革有限公司承办的＂制革专业委员会2011年工作会议暨全国皮革行业环保高级研修班会议＂给出了答案：生态转型方能持续发展。     

Encapsulation of food ingredients

Microencapsulation is a relatively new technology that is used for protection, stabilization, and slow release of food ingredients. The encapsulating or wall materials used generally consist of starch, starch derivatives, proteins, gums, lipids, or any combination of them. Methods of encapsulation of food ingredients include spraydrying, freeze‐drying, fluidized bed‐coating, extrusion, cocrystallization, molecular inclusion, and coacervation. This paper reviews techniques for preparation of microencapsulated food ingredients and choices of coating material. Characterization of microcapsules, mechanisms of controlled release, and efficiency of protection/ stabilization of encapsulated food ingredients are also presented.     

蒽醌助剂对乙二醇溶剂脱胶苎麻纤维性能的影响

为解决苎麻在乙二醇有机溶剂脱胶中纤维易被氧化而导致性能下降的问题,在乙二醇溶剂中添加助剂蒽醌对苎麻进行脱胶,并对蒽醌不同添加量下制得的纤维进行结构和性能表征。结果表明:纤维中半纤维素含量随蒽醌添加量的增加而升高,纤维的聚合度、结晶度、物理力学性能先升高后降低,纤维的残胶率和线密度先降低后升高;当蒽醌质量分数为0.3% 时,这些性能均达到最佳值,此时纤维的聚合度、结晶度、制成率、断裂强度、断裂伸长率、断裂功比不加蒽醌时分别提高了7.32%、20.53%、1.46%、9.55%、6.89%、33.33%,纤维的残胶率、线密度比不加蒽醌时分别降低了17.91%、7.24%。     

Evaluation of mycotoxin-contaminated cereals for their use in animal feeds in Hungary

In the period between December 5, 1991 and September 17, 1998, 760 maize, 367 wheat, 119 soybean, 222 barley, 85 bran, 32 triticale, 60 oat, 14 rye and 22 sunflower samples were investigated for the presence and concentration of seven fusariotoxins (T-2 toxin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, HT-2 toxin, fusarenone-X) and OTA. The comparison of analytical data with those of the relevant literature revealed that although the incidence rate and/ or concentration of Fusarium mycotoxins and OTA in Hungarian-grown cereals is occasionally considerable, the position of the country is not worse than the average of countries. Our findings indicate that soybean tends to be good substrate for trichothecene-producing fungi and the rate of contamination is regarded as substantial. The commodities were assorted into one of three quality categories. The proportion of objectionable samples was only 3.0, 2.2, 2.3 and 1.7% in maize, wheat, barley and soybean samples, respectively. However, this low rate of objection might still be a source of great economic loss. The proportion of objectionable samples was much higher in the case of bran, oat and triticale (7.1, 6.7, and 6.3%, respectively). The results of the present investigation indicate a need for regular screening for mycotoxins of importance and individual appraisal of each commodity from the point of their use in animal feeds.     

丹蒽醌对氧化脱胶苎麻纤维理化性能的调控

为解决苎麻氧化脱胶中纤维容易被过度氧化而性能受损的问题,在氧化脱胶液中添加了具有纤维素和半纤维素保护效果的试剂 1,8-二羟基蒽醌（丹蒽醌）,并通过调节1,8-二羟基蒽醌的用量实现了对苎麻纤维理化性能（强伸性能、聚合度、半纤维素含量、制成率等）的调控。结果表明,1,8-二羟基蒽醌用量越高,纤维中半纤维素含量、制成率越高;但纤维强伸性能随1,8-二羟基蒽醌含量先升高后降低;当1,8-二羟基蒽醌的用量为2 %时,脱胶的综合效果最佳,此时纤维的断裂功、聚合度、半纤维素含量、制成率比不使用1,8-二羟基蒽醌时分别提高了41.0%、2.0%、17.3%、7.0%;此外,使用1,8-二羟基蒽醌后,脱胶废水的COD值降低了40%,大幅度提高了氧化脱胶工艺的环保性。     

蛤蜊中金属营养元素的影响因素及来源

探讨产地、季节、品种对蛤蜊中金属营养元素含量的影响,解析蛤蜊中金属营养元素含量与养殖地淤泥和海水中相关元素含量间的关系。于2014年5月和9月在青岛市、南通市和大连市海岸采集花蛤、文蛤及养殖地淤泥和海水样品,测定样品中金属营养元素含量,分别进行方差分析和Pearson相关分析。结果显示,蛤蜊中Mg、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn含量受产地的影响,Ca、Cu、Zn含量受季节的影响,Mg、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn含量与品种有关;Na、Mg、Ca、Co、Cu含量与淤泥中相关元素的含量密切相关,而10 种金属营养元素含量与海水中相关元素含量相关性均不显著。本研究表明,蛤蜊中金属营养元素含量受产地、季节、品种的影响,其来源除淤泥、海水外,还有其他途径。     

Effects of process parameters on quality changes of shrimp during drying in a jet-spouted bed dryer

ABSTRACT:  The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of various parameters, that is, concentration of salt solution (2%, 3%, 4%[w/v]), boiling time (3, 5, 7 min), drying air temperature (80, 100, 120 °C), and size of shrimp, on the kinetics of drying and various quality attributes of shrimp, namely, shrinkage, rehydration ability, texture, colors, and microstructure, during drying in a jet-spouted bed dryer. In addition, the effects of these processing parameters on the sensory attributes of dried shrimp were also investigated. Small shrimp (350 to 360 shrimp/kg) and large shrimp (150 to 160 shrimp/kg) were boiled and then dried until their moisture content was around 25% (d.b.). It was found that the degree of color changes, toughness, and shrinkage of shrimp increased while the rehydration ability decreased with an increase in the concentration of salt solution and boiling time. Size of shrimp and drying temperature significantly affected all quality attributes of dried shrimp. The conditions that gave the highest hedonic scores of sensory evaluation for small dried shrimp are the concentration of salt solution of 2% (w/v), boiling time of 7 min, and drying air temperature of 120 °C. On the other hand, the conditions that gave the highest hedonic scores of sensory evaluation for large dried shrimp are the concentration of salt solution of 4% (w/v), boiling time of 7 min, and drying air temperature of 100 °C. The quality attributes of dried shrimp measured by instruments correlated well with the sensory attributes, especially the color of dried shrimp.     

Soy Bioactive Components in Functional Perspective: A Review

Functional foods are the focus of attraction for well-being. The healthy living of Asians may be attributed to a diet enriched with soy isoflavones viz. genistein and daidzein which fills the gap of proteinaceous diet in vegetarians. Several factors, such as administration, dosage, metabolism, ingestion of other pharmacological substances, type of estrogen receptors, and presence or absence of endogenous estrogen, affect the activities and bioavailability of isoflavones. The mode of therapeutic action could be either through the stimulation of estrogen receptors or by the non-involvement of estrogen receptors. Soy, due to its isoflavones content, serves as a balanced and remedial substitute in combating various lifestyle disorders, like cancer prevention, by interruption of the breakdown of extracellular matrix that surrounds growing vessels and tumors, lowering of lipid and blood insulin levels by regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, alleviation of menopausal symptoms, and osteoprotective effects by modulating estrogen receptors, thus acting as a safer switch to hormone replacement therapy, anti-hypertensive effect which may also contribute to cardioprotective, anti-oxidative effect, regulation of cognitive functions, and many others. Therefore, it could be regarded as a valuable therapeutics. However, since soy isoflavones also act as endocrine disruptors, they also possess some negative effects. Concerns have been raised in relation to thyroid function abnormality. In view of the previously mentioned facts an attempt has been made to review the literature available on both beneficial as well as deleterious role of isoflavones, soy derived bioactive compounds.     

Daily intake of trace metals through coffee consumption in India

The trace element contents of five varieties of instant coffee powder available in the Indian market have been analysed. Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Sr, Zn and Pb, Cd, Cu have been determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry, respectively. The metal levels in the coffee powders observed in this study are comparable with those reported for green coffee beans (Arabica and Robusta variety) reported worldwide with the exception of Sr and Zn, which were on the lower side of the reported values. Concentrations of these metals have been converted into intake figures based on coffee consumption. The daily intakes of the above metals through ingestion of coffee are 1.4mg, 1.58 mu g, 124 mu g, 41.5mg, 4.9mg, 17.9 mu g, 2.9 mu g, 3.8 mu g, 12.5 mu g, 0.2 mu g, 0.03 mu g and 15.5 mu g, respectively. The values, which were compared with the total dietary intake of metals through ingestion by the Mumbai population, indicate that the contribution from coffee is less than or around 1% for most of the elements except for Cr and Ni which are around 3% .     

Textural Modification of Processing Tomatoes

Knowledge of the textural properties of processing tomatoes is crucial to ensuing product acceptability; measurement, control, and optimization of these properties through judicious selection of varieties and control of unit operations results in products that the consumer prefers. It is important to first define the terms texture, rheology, consistency, and viscosity prior to discussing principles of their measurement. The textural properties of processing tomatoes may be measured using both sensory and objective tests, and the latter may be either destructive or nondestructive in nature. The unique anatomy of tomato fruit (peel, pericarp, columella, and locules) in part dictates the method of texture measurement. Numerous factors, including variety, maturity, genetic modification, cultural particles, and environmental conditions, processing conditions, and calcium addition affect the textural integrity of tomatoes. Textural properties of raw tomatoes and most processed tomato products are reviewed in this article.     

Avena sativa (Oat), A Potential Neutraceutical and Therapeutic Agent: An Overview

The aim of the present review article is to summarize the available information related to the availability, production, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, and traditional uses of Avena sativa to highlight its potential to contribute to human health. Oats are now cultivated worldwide and form an important dietary staple for the people in number of countries. Several varieties of oats are available. It is a rich source of protein, contains a number of important minerals, lipids, β-glucan, a mixed-linkage polysaccharide, which forms an important part of oat dietary fiber, and also contains various other phytoconstituents like avenanthramides, an indole alkaloid-gramine, flavonoids, flavonolignans, triterpenoid saponins, sterols, and tocols. Traditionally oats have been in use since long and are considered as stimulant, antispasmodic, antitumor, diuretic, and neurotonic. Oat possesses different pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, anticholesterolaemic, etc. A wide spectrum of biological activities indicates that oat is a potential therapeutic agent.