取向PAN/MWCNTs与热塑性聚烯烃复合材料的制备及表征

利用静电纺丝并借助高速旋转的滚筒和热牵引作用制备不同取向度的聚丙烯腈/碳纳米管（PAN/MWCNTs）纳米纤维膜,通过高速滚筒和热牵引提高PAN的结晶度从而提高材料的拉伸强度和弹性模量,但会降低断裂伸长率;MWCNTs含量为0.5%（质量分数,下同）时PAN/MWCNTs力学性能最佳。利用浸渍法将各种取向度的PAN/MWCNTs纳米纤维膜与热塑性弹性体（POE）制备成一系列POE/PAN/MWCNTs复合材料（POE/PM）。结果表明,高取向度POE/h-P2M复合材料的拉伸强度比不取向POE/u-PME复合材料高71%,拉伸强度显著提高,断裂伸长率则减小,PAN/MWCNTs纳米纤维膜含量为6.7%时,复合材料的力学性能最佳。     

PE-HD/棉秆皮复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用蒸汽爆破对含水率分别为30 %、40 %、50 %的棉秆皮进行预处理,并与高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）复合制备PE-HD/棉秆皮复合材料,研究了蒸汽爆破、棉秆皮含量、棉秆皮含水率对PE-HD/棉秆皮复合材料力学性能和密度的影响。结果表明,与未经蒸汽爆破处理的PE-HD/棉秆皮复合材料相比,蒸汽爆破预处理后制备的PE-HD/棉秆皮复合材料的力学性能更好;当棉秆皮含量为30 %时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳;复合材料的拉伸强度随棉秆皮含水率的增加而提高;复合材料的弯曲强度在棉秆皮含水率为40 %时达到最大值。     

（PE-HD／SEBS）-g-MAH对PE-HD／木粉复合材料增容的研究

采用转矩流变仪制备出马来酸酐（MAH）接枝PE-HD）／氢化（苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯）共聚物（SEBS）（PE-HD/SEBS）-g-MAH作为PE-HD／共混物木粉复合材料的界面相容剂，并研究了制备过程中转矩的变化，结果表明，体系的转矩随着MAH和引发剂过氧化二异丙苯含量的增加而增加，苯乙烯促进了MAH和PE-HD／SEIKS的反应；通过傅里叶红外分析证实了MAH接枝到聚合物上。（PE-HD／SEBS）-g-MAH能明显地提高PE-HD／木粉复合材料的力学性能，当其添加量为2％（质量分数，下同）时复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别增加了157％、146％和145％；扫描电镜也能观察到加入相容剂的复合材料界面粘接非常好，进一步证实了（PE-HD／SEBS）-g-MAH提高了复合材料的界面相容性。     

MAPE含量对PE木塑复合材料冲击强度的影响

以高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)和马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)共混物为塑料基体,以木粉(WF)为填料,采用压制成型法制备了木塑复合材料。研究了MAPE含量对塑料基体和木塑复合材料冲击强度的影响。结果表明,MAPE含量对MAPE/PE-HD塑料基体和木塑复合材料的冲击强度影响显著;保持MAPE和PE-HD的总含量不变时,当木粉含量为30 %时,木塑复合材料的冲击强度随MAPE含量的增大而逐渐减小;当木粉含量为70 %时,木塑复合材料的冲击强度随MAPE含量的增加而逐渐增大。     

碳纳米管-聚酰胺纤维改性邻甲酚醛环氧树脂

多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs) 经酸化处理后与聚酰胺66（PA66)共纺制备MWCNTs-PA66纳米纤维膜后与邻甲酚醛环氧树脂（o-CFER）进行复合固化,制备了o-CFER/MWCNTs-PA66复合材料,并对其微观结构、力学性能和热性能进行了研究。结果表明,酸化MWCNTs表面引入了含氧基团,使PA66纤维膜的直径增大;o-CFER/MWCNTs-PA66复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度随MWCNTs含量的增加先增大后降低;当MWCNTs含量为0.5 %（质量分数,以PA66质量为基准）时,冲击强度和拉伸强度均达到最大值分别为0.29 kJ/m2和1.96 MPa,冲击强度较o-CFER树脂提高了23.2 %,较o-CFER/PA66复合材料提高了16.3 %,拉伸强度较纯o-CFER树脂提高了74 %;MWCNTs-PA66复合纤维膜能够提高o-CFER的耐热性。     

熔融浸渍法制备PE-HD/黄麻纤维复合材料工艺及性能研究

采用特殊设计的天然纤维熔融浸渍模具制备黄麻长纤维颗粒,通过注塑工艺,制备了长黄麻纤维增强高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）复合材料。研究了纤维含量、浸渍模具温度对PE-HD/黄麻纤维复合材料力学性能、微观断面形貌的影响。结果表明,利用熔融浸渍工艺制备PE-HD/黄麻纤维复合材料,有效地保障了黄麻纤维的长度,可显著提高复合材料的力学性能;当黄麻纤维含量为45 %,浸渍模具温度为210 ℃时,PE-HD/黄麻纤维复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度最优,相对纯PE-HD分别提高了49.1 %和137 %。     

微晶纤维素含量对PE-HD复合材料性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了微晶纤维素（MCC）含量分别为50 ％、60 ％和70 ％的高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）/MCC复合材料,研究了MCC含量对其力学性能、流变行为、热变形温度和断口形貌的影响。结果表明,加入MCC能有效提高PE-HD的弯曲强度、弯曲模量和拉伸强度,其中MCC含量为60 ％时材料力学性能最好;MCC的加入显著提高了PE-HD的热变形温度,且MCC含量为60 ％时复合材料热变形温度最高;PE-HD/MCC复合材料断口形貌分析表明MCC在基体中分布较均匀,MCC含量为60 ％时与PE-HD基体的相容性最好。     

PP／PE-HD共混体系发泡成型及机理分析

采用PP与PE-HD共混的方法来改善PP的发泡性能，并从共混体系的熔体强度和结晶性能两个方面分析PE-HD含量对泡孔结构的影响机理。结果表明，PP／PE-HD共混体系的熔体强度随着PE-HD含量的增加先升高后减小，在含量为30％（质量分数，下同）时熔体强度最高。随着PE-HD含量的增加，共混体系中PP和PE-HD的熔点先升高后降低，PP的结晶度先减小后增大，而PE-HD的结晶度却逐渐增加。在含量为30％时，PP和PE-HD的熔点最高，PP的结晶度最小。PP与PE-HD共混以后，泡孔结构有了很大改善，且与熔体强度和结晶度相对应，泡孔结构在PE-HD含量为30％时最好。     

锦葵纤维增强聚丙烯基复合材料力学性能研究

分别制备了锦葵纤维含量为10 %（质量分数,下同）、20 %、30 %、40 %和50 %的锦葵纤维增强增强聚丙烯基复合材料,研究了纤维含量对该复合材料拉伸性能和弯曲性能的影响,并与苎麻纤维增强聚丙烯基复合材料进行了对比。结果表明,随着锦葵纤维含量的增加,锦葵纤维增强聚丙烯基复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸弹性模量逐渐增加,而弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当纤维含量为40 %时达最大值;纤维含量均为30 %时,除拉伸弹性模量外,锦葵纤维增强聚丙烯基复合材料的各项指标均低于苎麻纤维增强聚丙烯基复合材料。     

搅拌摩擦加工制备MWCNTs增强PE-HD的结构与性能研究

通过搅拌摩擦加工技术制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)增强高密度聚乙烯复合材料,并研究了行进速度对复合材料宏观、微观结构和拉伸强度的影响。结果表明,复合改性层的宏观表面光滑,且缺陷较少;MWCNTs在基体中以云状形式分布,组织相对均匀;较低的行进速度更有利于MWCNTs在基体中的分散;复合材料的拉伸强度随着行进速度的增加先升高后降低,在行进速度为30mm/min时取得最大值。     

Microstructural characterization of corn starch‐based porous thermoplastic composites filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Microstructural characterization of corn starch‐based porous thermoplastic (TPS) composites containing various contents (0.1, 0.5, and 1 wt %) of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was performed. Corn starch was plasticized with a proper combination of glycerol and stearic acid. TPS composites with MWCNT were prepared conducting melt extrusion followed by injection molding. TPS containing 1 wt % of MWCNTs exhibited higher tensile strength and elastic modulus values than neat TPS. Moreover, TPS electrical conductivity was determined to increase with increasing content of MWCNTs. X‐ray diffraction measurements revealed that incorporation of MWCNTs increased the degree of TPS crsystallinity to some extent. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed that MWCNT altered TPS surface morphology and tensile failure modes, significantly. Transmission electron microscopy investigation showed that dispersion characteristics of MWCNTs within TPS were in the form of tiny clusters around micro pores of TPS, which is considered influential on electrical conductivity of the resulting composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

PE-HD复合材料导热性能及力学性能的研究

通过双螺杆挤出机制备了高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）/石墨/CaCO3增韧母料复合材料,并研究了石墨的表面处理、粒径、含量以及CaCO3增韧母料含量对复合材料导热性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明,偶联剂NDZ201对石墨表面具有较好的处理效果。石墨颗粒直径越小,复合材料的热导率及综合力学性能越高。CaCO3增韧母料能明显提高复合材料的热导率及缺口冲击强度。PE-HD/石墨/增韧母料250B的质量比为45/30/25时,复合材料的热导率可达1.72 W/(m·K),其缺口冲击强度与纯PE-HD相近,拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别比PE-HD提高了52 %和88 %。     

木粉和抗氧剂对废旧PE-HD/沙柳复合材料性能的影响

以沙柳木粉和废旧高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）为原料,采用模压法制备了木塑复合材料（WPC）。考查了沙柳木粉和抗氧剂对WPC性能的影响。结果表明,沙柳木粉加入量为0~70 %（质量分数,下同）时,WPC的静曲强度呈先上升后下降的趋势,弹性模量和拉伸强度分别呈上升和下降的趋势;沙柳木粉降低了WPC的热稳定性,使热分解起始温度降低;随加入量的增加,WPC的储能模量（E′）和损耗模量（E″）曲线均呈上升趋势,损耗因子（tanδ）曲线呈下降趋势,E″曲线内耗峰的位置向高温方向移动;抗氧剂1010加入量为0~0.5 %时,WPC的静曲强度、弹性模量和拉伸强度均呈不同程度的先上升后下降的趋势;当抗氧剂加入量为0.2 %和0.3 %时,E′和E″相对较高。     

机械力引发马来酸酐官能化PE-HD研究

采用机械力引发方法研究了马来酸酐(MAH)熔融接枝高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)的官能化反应,并考察了接枝产物对PE-HD/PA66及PE-HD/GF材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:通过控制引发剂含量和提高双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速可抑制PE-HD在接枝过程中的交联副反应,制得具有较高接枝率(Gd=0.75~1.34%),较好熔体流动性(0.3~0.6g/10min)和较低凝胶含量(≤0.9%)的接枝产物;该方法所得产物可使PE-HD/PA66共混材料的缺口冲击强度提高至6.5倍以上,使PE-HD/GF复合材料的拉伸、弯曲和缺口冲击强度显著增大。     

Preparation and characterization of nylon610/functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites

Nylon610 nanocomposites containing functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared using wet melt blending method, which is a novel preparation technique. In comparison with the pure nylon610, the elastic modulus, tensile strength, bending modulus, and bending strength of the composites increase significantly with the increase of MWCNTs content, and the mechanical properties of the composites are also improved significantly by adding a small amount of MWCNTs (0.1 wt %). The crystallization peak of the composites shifts to higher temperature with the addition of MWCNTs, and among the two melting peaks, the intensity of melting peak at low temperature decreases with increasing MWCNTs content. The composites are more stable than pure PA610 and decompose at higher temperature, suggesting that the accession of MWCNTs can improve the composites' thermal stability. The storage modulus of the composites decreases with the temperature increasing, but under lower temperature it increases significantly with the addition of MWCNTs–COOH except for PANT‐0.1 sample. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of composites exhibit that the wet melt blending technique can avoid the excess agglomeration of MWCNTs under vacuum dryness, which benefits MWCNTs to disperse uniformly in matrix. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

矿物填料填充聚乙烯/麦秸杆复合材料性能比较

以麦秸杆纤维(WSF)和高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)为原料,以白云石粉、硅灰石粉及滑石粉为填充料,通过熔融混炼及注射成型的方法制备了PE-HD/WSF/填料复合材料,并通过差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜和电子万能试验机等考察分析了填料种类及含量对复合材料结晶性能、微观形貌和力学性能等的影响.结果表明,在WSF的含量为40...     

Special morphology and its role in mechanical enhancement of linear low‐density polyethylene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites

In this work, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), as reinforcing agent, were blended with linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), then molded by hot compression molding to prepare LLDPE/MWCNTs composites. Tensile tests indicate that the strength, Young's modulus, and toughness are all improved for LLDPE/MWCNTs composites containing 1 and 3 wt % MWCNTs. Compared with LLDPE, the Young's modulus of LLDPE/MWCNTs composites rises from 144.8 to 270.8 MPa at 1 wt % MWCNTs content. At the same time, increases of 18.5% in tensile strength and 16.6% in yield strength are achieved. Additionally, its toughness is enhanced by 26.7% than that of LLDPE. Microstructure characterizations, including differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to investigate the variations of microstructure and further to establish the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties. Homogeneous dispersion of MWCNTs, network formation, and development of an oriented nanohybrid shish‐kebab structure contribute to the enhanced strength and toughness. The increased crystallinity is beneficial to the reinforcement and increased modulus. Additionally, the thermal stability of the LLDPE/MWCNTs composites is enhanced as well. This work suggests a promising routine to optimize polymer/MWCNTs composites by tailoring the structural development. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45525.     

Structural,mechanical and thermal studies of double‐molded isotactic polypropylene nanocomposites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Nanocomposites of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with various contents of MWCNTs were fabricated by double molding techniques. X‐ray diffraction measurements reveal a development of α‐crystal with lamellar stacks having a long period of 150 Å in the neat iPP that increases to 165 Å in 2 wt % MWCNTs‐loaded composites, indicating that MWCNTs enhance crystallization of iPP as a nucleating factor. Mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, flexural strength, Young's modulus, tangent modulus, and microhardness are found to increase with increasing MWCNTs content. Thermal analyses represent an increase of crystallization and melting temperatures and a decrease of thermal stability of the composites with increasing MWCNTs. Changes in structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites due to the addition of MWCNTs are elaborately discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

废旧聚甲醛/改性竹纤维复合材料的力学性能研究

采用碱(NaOH)、硅烷偶联剂(KH560)、异氰酸酯(IPDI)等不同处理方法对废旧聚甲醛/竹纤维（POM/BF）复合材料的界面进行调控,研究了竹纤维改性方法和竹纤维含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,NaOH+IPDI和NaOH+KH560能够实现对复合材料界面的调控,利用NaOH+2 %IPDI对BF进行处理后,POM/BF复合材料［BF为20 %（质量分数,下同）］的弯曲强度增加了13.38 %,拉伸强度为50.36 MPa;利用NaOH+5 %KH560对BF进行调控处理后,POM/BF复合材料的弯曲强度增加了12.61 %,拉伸强度为46.87 MPa;NaOH+2 %IPDI对BF的处理具有更好的效果,BF含量为20 %时复合材料的力学性能最佳。     

Rapid and low temperature spark plasma sintering synthesis of novel carbon nanotube reinforced titanium matrix composites

Multi–walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced titanium matrix composites were synthesized using a spark plasma sintering method at a low sintering temperature of 550 °C. The effects of the weight fraction of MWCNTs on the microstructures and the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. No reaction products were detected in the composites, indicating that the MWCNTs in the composites maintained their structural integrity after sintering, and thus, because of their advantageous properties, could reinforce the titanium matrix. As a result, the compressive strength of the composite containing 0.4 wt.% MWCNTs reached 1106 MPa, which was an increase of 61.5% compared to that of pure titanium under at the same conditions. In addition, the results revealed that compressive strength of the bulk compacts increased initially and then decreased with an increase in weight fraction of MWCNTs. However, compressive strain of the sintered composites continued to fall at a slow rate. The microhardness and thermal diffusivity of the composites rose steadily with an increasing content of MWCNTs. When the weight fraction of MWCNTs in the composites exceeded 0.8%, the compressive strength of the composites declined significantly due to the increasing aggregation of the MWCNTs.