矫形鞋垫对高足弓人群跑步时下肢生物力学的影响及其设计要点研究

矫形鞋垫是一种直接作用于人体足部,用于改善高足弓等足部疾病情况的重要外置装备.文章以跑步运动为例,分析了高足弓人群在跑步时几种不同类型矫形鞋垫对人体下肢的生物力学特征的影响,总结了矫形鞋垫在作用于高足弓人群时的机制,认为足弓支撑、前足楔形支撑以及足弓+前足楔形支撑3种鞋垫能够通过不同作用影响高足弓人群的下肢生物力学特征,并提出了高足弓矫形鞋垫的部分设计思路.     

青年男性扁平足患者站立位足型特征研究

为探究青年男性扁平足患者的足型特征,分析正常足与扁平足足型特征的差异性及变化规律。本次研究应用三维足型扫描仪进行足部图像扫描和数据检测,分别测试足弓高度、足部角度、足部指数等指标,对比分析正常足与扁平足的各指标的足型特征。扁平足在内侧足弓高度、区域足弓高度均明显小于正常足,在足弓外侧高度均大于正常足。扁平足的纵弓角度比正常足要小,拇外翻角度、后跟角度普遍大于正常足,但拇外翻角度、纵弓角度数据区分性不明显。扁平足的足弓指数稍增大,踝翻转指数明显增大,两者均超出正常足弓范围,属于低足弓范畴,两个足部区域指数反映的足型规律一致。扁平足与正常足相比有不同的足型特征,因此可将足弓内侧高度、后跟角度及踝翻转指数等足型特征上差异性明显的指标作为评判扁平足症状发展程度的依据。     

正常足与扁平足步行支撑期足弓角变化研究

为了探明不同足型步行中足弓形态的变化规律,建立静态足弓参数对动态足弓角的预测模型.采用平面定点摄像法,针对20名青年女性(正常足、扁平足各10名)站立位与行走步态支撑相位内侧纵弓角,使用SPSS软件对静、动态纵弓角均值进行数据统计分析.步行中两组纵弓角的变化幅度不具有差异性(p>0.05);与站立位相比,两组支撑中、后...     

高弓足矫形鞋垫的研究进展

高足弓是一种脚部疾病，患者通常足弓很高、足背凸起，导致步态异常，引发走路不稳、容易摔倒等问题。高足弓分为先天性、获得性和特发性。重度高足弓者需要手术治疗，而轻度足高弓可以使用高弓足矫形鞋垫，填补脚底与鞋底的接触面积，降低足底根部和前脚掌所受的压力，对不适合手术的病人也能够起到帮助作用。本文从高足弓的特点入手，研究矫形鞋垫的特点及作用，分析了高弓足矫形鞋垫的研究现状，有利于患者和矫形鞋垫厂商了解高弓足矫形鞋垫的原理及其作用，对高弓足矫形鞋垫的研究开展具有积极意义。     

3D打印支撑鞋垫对扁平足足底压力分布的影响

为了探究不同支撑垫结构对足底压力分布的影响,用扫描仪获取9名扁平足青年女性3种负重状态（全负重、半负重和非负重）足部模型,定制3种支撑型鞋垫（Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型）;通过足底压力测试系统,分析3种支撑型鞋垫对扁平足步行支撑期触地时间分配、足底压力中心分布的影响,同时进行主观舒适性评价。结果显示,相较于无支撑鞋垫,Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型鞋垫明显降低了支撑期总触地时间（P=0.002、P=0.026）;3种支撑型鞋垫使支撑期COP轨迹均向内侧偏移,偏移幅度随支撑垫高度的增加而增加。合适的支撑型鞋垫可以优化支撑期触地时间与COP轨迹,为扁平足个性化矫正鞋垫的设计提供了理论依据。     

足弓部特征在性别与鞋码下的差异研究

利用三维足型扫描仪采集足弓数据,探讨不同性别与鞋码在足弓部尺寸的差异并建立一套足弓支撑功能鞋垫的设计参考原则。为了解足弓区域特征,对中国500位(男女各半)成年受试者进行足型扫描及数据采集,并使用足弓长、足弓深和足弓高表现足弓的形状,计算第一跖骨接地点、舟状骨和足弓轮廓内凹点的位置在足长中所占比例来定位足弓。结果指出,不同性别在足弓长、足弓高、舟状骨位置比例、足弓轮廓内凹位置比例有显著差异(p<0.01),但在足弓深、第一跖骨接地点位置比例无显著差异(p>0.05)。此外,研究以鞋码为分类依据对比各鞋码下的足弓特征差异,结果显示,男性和女性的足弓长随鞋码增大而递增,而男性的足弓深随鞋码增大而递减。因此,如今使用等比缩放方式制作男女足弓垫的做法有待改进,应分别根据男性和女性使用者的鞋码大小提出不同的足弓垫设计。最后,提出一套不同鞋码下的足弓尺寸制造规格表,为足弓支撑功能鞋垫的设计提供参考,以提升鞋垫的舒适性与足弓区的合脚程度。     

硅胶鞋垫对高跟鞋穿着稳定性的影响研究

为了在不改变跟高的前提下提高高跟鞋的穿着稳定性,本研究探索了硅胶鞋垫对高跟鞋稳定性的影响。选择24名有穿高跟鞋经历的女大学生,通过Kistler三维测力台测试穿着垫有三种不同结构的硅胶鞋垫和不垫鞋垫的6 cm高跟鞋时的平衡能力,并对比分析平衡参数。垫有三种硅胶鞋垫的高跟鞋静态稳定性和动态稳定性均优于不垫鞋垫的情况。而且,垫有足弓支撑的鞋垫时,COP摆动速率小于扁平结构的鞋垫;垫有表面粗糙度较大的鞋垫时,高跟鞋的动态稳定极限值大于粗糙度较小的鞋垫。硅胶鞋垫有利于提高高跟鞋的穿着稳定性,而且适当的足弓支撑和表面纹理化设计可以进一步增强硅胶鞋垫对高跟鞋稳定性的改善作用。     

扁平足矫形鞋垫的研究进展

矫形鞋垫作为一种针对柔性扁平足较为常见的治疗方式,对改善平足患者的步态特征及足底压力分布的具有一定的效果.但目前关于矫形鞋垫对于患者骨骼结构矫正的有效性,学者们持有不同的意见.本文总结了近年来学者们对扁平足矫形鞋垫的研究,分析了现有研究成果之间的差异以及其原因,对扁平足矫形鞋垫的设计制作提供参考,为扁平足矫形鞋垫的后续...     

足弓发育期扁平足儿童的足底压力跟踪研究

利用Footscan@足底压力测试系统有效跟踪采集147名7～8岁儿童三年裸足行走时的足底压力数据,从中筛选出10名三年一直保持扁平足的儿童,并与10名年龄、身高、BMI相匹配的正常足儿童的足底压力数据进行对比研究.研究结果表明:(1)在三年跟踪期内,扁平足儿童足弓指数呈现增加趋势;(2)第一、二跖骨区域和后跟区域为扁...     

大学生足弓高度对足部运动特性的影响分析

为了掌握足弓高度对足部运动特性的影响,以大学生为研究对象,对高足弓和正常足弓高度的足部运动特性进行了深入探究。本文选用的研究方法为Footscan压力板测试法,选择了高足弓和正常足弓各41名受试者,并将其在压力板上行走时产生的足底压力参数进行了记录。通过研究足底压力参数可以计算出相应的足弓系数、脚掌长度、脚掌宽度,以及支撑时长等一系列数据。通过研究数据可知,以足弓高度来看,女性双足无明显差异,男性双足具有不对称性。高足弓与正常足弓相比,在足部运动特性上也存在很大差异,在前脚掌触地时,高足弓需要的时间百分比更大,而在全部脚掌触地时,所需要的时间百分比则有所减少。     

The thermostability, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of some vegetables subjected to different durations of boiling: Investigation in vitro

This research was performed in order to compare the water and acetone extracts of raw and boiled for 10, 20, 40 and 60 min Korean lotus roots (KLR) and Polish white onion (PWO) in the contents of their bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and thermostability.It was found that polyphenols (mg GAE/g), flavanols (μg GAE/g), flavonoids (mg CE/g), anthocyanins (mg CGE/kg) and tannins (mg CE/g) in water extract of raw lotus roots were 14.18 ± 0.7, 8.41 ± 0.5, 1.09 ± 0.06, 21.3 ± 1.2 and 7.29 ± 0.4, and of white onion - 11.11 ± 0.6, 6.78 ± 0.3, 0.71 ± 0.03, 17.00 ± 0.9 and 1.64 ± 0.08, respectively, and significantly higher in KLR (P < 0.05). The antioxidant activity of raw KLR water extract (139.4 ± 6.1, 53.1 ± 3.6 and 89.3 ± 4.6 μmol TE/g for DPPH, CUPRAC and ABTS, respectively) was significantly higher than in white onion (23.84 ± 1.8, 31.9 ± 2.1 and 38.14 ± 2.6 for DPPH, CUPRAC and ABTS, respectively, P < 0.05).The thermostability of the water KLR extract’s of polyphenols, flavanols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and tannins was high and even after 60 min of boiling remains as 40.0, 42.3, 50.5, 41.4 and 41.0%, respectively. After 60 min of boiling the most thermostable compounds were flavonoids - remaining at 50.5% in water extract of KLR. Also after 60 min of boiling the thermostability of the antioxidant activity of water extracts of KLR remained significantly high: 40.6, 42.3, 46.3 and 43.6%, according to DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and CUPRAC assays, respectively.Similar relationship was obtained with acetone extracts, but the value was lower than with the water ones. In conclusion, the contents of some bioactive compounds, the antioxidant activity and the thermostability in water and acetone extracts of KLR are significantly higher than the same indices in PWO. FTIR and fluorimetry can be used as additional markers for the characterization of bioactive compounds in vegetables.     

Nutritive value of masau (Ziziphus mauritiana) fruits from Zambezi Valley in Zimbabwe

Ziziphus mauritiana (masau) fruits are consumed by many people in Zimbabwe. The fruits contribute significantly to people’s diet when they are in season. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional content of the fruits and, hence, quantify their contribution to the diet. Samples of masau were collected in two seasons (August 2006 and August 2007). Both macronutrients and micronutrients were determined using standard AOAC methods of analysis. Dry matter content ranged from 21.1 ± 0.2 to 24.1 ± 0.3 g 100 g⁻¹ of edible portion of the sweet and sour fruits, and 84.8 ± 0.2 to 87.2 ± 0.2 g 100 g⁻¹ for the dried fruit. Crude protein per 100 g edible portion of dry weight ranged between 7.9 ± 0.0 and 8.7 ± 0.0 g, crude fat from 0.8 ± 0.0 to 1.5 ± 0.0 g, crude fibre from 4.9 ± 0.0 to 7.3 ± 0.0 g, ash between 3.0 ± 0.0 and 4.3 ± 0.0 g and carbohydrate between 79.5 ± 0.0 and 83.2 ± 0.0 g. The fruits were rich in vitamin C (15.0 ± 0.0–43.8 ± 0.02 mg 100 g⁻¹) and the energy values ranged between 1516.0 ± 1.73 and 1575.0 ± 2.3 kJ 100 g⁻¹. Furthermore, the fruits contained (mg 100 g⁻¹ of dry weight) potassium from 1865.0 ± 1.3 to 2441.0 ± 1.1, calcium from 160.0 ± 0.3 to 254.0 ± 0.1, sodium between 185.0 ± 0.1 and 223.0 ± 0.2, magnesium between 83.0 ± 0.0 and 150.0 ± 0.13 and phosphorous from 87.0 ± 0.1 to 148.0 ± 0.5. Manganese and copper contents ranged between 0.7 ± 0.03 and 1.6 ± 0.03, while iron and zinc ranged between 2.1 ± 0.43 and 4.3 ± 0.1, and 0.6 ± 0.0–0.9 ± 0.0 mg 100 g⁻¹ of dry weight, respectively. The masau fruit is therefore a good potential source of carbohydrates, proteins and micronutrients, such as calcium, potassium, sodium, phosphorous, copper, iron, Vitamin C and zinc.     

Evaluation of culture media for enumeration of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium animalis in the presence of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus

The study compared the growth capability of probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus La05, Lactobacillus casei Lc01 and Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12) and non-probiotic (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) cultures on twenty-one culture media grouped according to selectivity: non-selective agars, selective agars without antibiotics and MRS agars containing different combinations of lithium chloride, cystein, bile salts and antibiotics. Four of these media were selected for quantitative enumeration of L. acidophilus La05, L. casei Lc01, and B. animalis Bb12. The best culture media and incubation conditions for enumeration of the probiotic cultures were: B. animalis: MRS agar with dicloxacillin, 37 °C or 42 °C, anaerobiosis; L. acidophilus: MRS agar with bile salts, 37 °C or 42 °C, aerobiosis; L. casei: MRS agar with lithium chloride and sodium propionate, 37 °C or 42 °C, aerobiosis or anaerobiosis. Plating on MRS with glucose replaced by maltose, 37 °C or 42 °C, anaerobiosis, will distinguish probiotic from non-probiotic cultures. For enumeration of each probiotic in a mixed culture, the following media and incubation conditions were recommended: B. animalis: 4ABC-MRS, 42 °C, anaerobiosis, L. acidophilus: LC medium, 42 °C, aerobiosis or anaerobiosis and L. casei: LP-MRS, 42 °C, aerobiosis or anaerobiosis. In all experiments, differences in counts using pour plating or surface plating were not significant (P ≤ 0.05).     

Quality assessment of wild European eel (Anguilla anguilla) stored in ice

The quality assessment of wild European eel (Anguilla anguilla) stored in ice and in boxes without ice (3 ± 1 °C) was investigated by the sensory analysis, levels of nucleotide breakdown products and biogenic amines for up to 19 days. Sensory analysis was assessed using the Tasmanian Food Research Unit Scheme. K and related values (K_i, G, P, H and F_r) were used as freshness indicators. Linear regressions (r²) obtained from K, K_i, G, P, H and F_r were 0.95, 0.96, 0.83, 0.96, 0.99 and 0.96, respectively, for eel stored in ice whereas, for eel kept in boxes without ice, the values were 0.86, 0.86, 0.96, 0.91, 0.98 and 0.86, respectively. When eel stored in ice and in boxes without ice were considered at the limit of acceptability by assessors at ∼12–14 days and ∼5–7 days, respectively, the average K, K_i and P values were ∼70–85%, H values were ∼60% and F_r values were ∼10% for both storage conditions. The level of histamine exceeded the legal limit (5 mg/100 g fish) in eel stored without ice after 6–7 days and, in ice, after 13–14 days of storage, at which time eels were rejected by the sensory panel. The concentrations of biogenic amines were higher in eel stored in boxes without ice than in eel kept in ice. The levels of histamine in the muscle of eel kept in boxes without ice and in ice increased to the maximum levels of 17.9 mg/100 g on day 12 and 12.6 mg/100 g on day 19, respectively.     

Effect of temperature on the development of the yam moth, Dasyses rugosella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)

Studies on the effect of temperature on the development of the yam moth, Dasyses rugosella Stainton were carried out in the laboratory at four different temperatures, 20°C, 24°C, 29°C and 33°C. The mean fecundity per female at 20°C, 24°C, 29°C and 33°C was 37.6±1.9, 84.2±2.7, 112.3±3.9 and 109.3±3.9 eggs, respectively. Oviposition period ranged from 4.7 days at 20°C to 2.9 days at 33°C. Hatchability of eggs was highest at 29°C with 70.0% and lowest at 20°C with 15.0%. The developmental time decreased with increase in temperature. The mean developmental time at 20°C, 24°C, 29°C and 33°C was 13.8±0.3, 7.8±0.2, 5.1±0.2 and 3.9±0.2 days for the egg, 90.0±0.7, 50.1±0.7, 36.1±0.8 and 23.6±0.8 days for the larval stages, 22.3±2.6, 12.2±0.2, 10.1±0.1, and 7.8±0.2 days for the pupa and 126.1±0.8, 70.1±0.8, 51.3±0.9, and 35.1±0.8 days for the period from egg hatching to adult emergence, respectively. Since fecundity, oviposition and development of the moth were impaired at 20°C, storage of yam tubers at low temperatures (well below 20°C but not lower than 12°C to avoid chilling injury) will significantly retard the development of D. rugosella and help in its control. Unmated individuals lived longer than their mated counterparts. Adult females were always larger than the males. The wing span of the female ranges from 16.9-18.5 and in males from 13.0-15.0 mm. The body length for males ranged from 5.0-6.5 and was 6.5-9.0 mm for females.     

Effects of light,temperature and water activity on the kinetics of lipoxidation in almond-based products

Lipoxidation in almond-derived products was investigated using the chemiluminescence (CL) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) methods to detect the first and later reaction products, respectively. The effects of light during storage at 5 °C, 22 °C and 40 °C were studied, as well as the effects of combined heat/water activity treatments in the 60–120 °C and 0.38–0.72 range. During storage, light was found to enhance the CL and TBARS values, and specific responses were observed in almond paste and the final Calisson product. During the heating of almond paste, as the initial water activity (a_w) increased, the CL rate constants increased during heating to 60 °C and 80 °C, but interestingly, these values decreased during further heating to 120 °C, whereas the maximum TBARS rate constants occurred at a_w 0.57 at all the heating temperatures tested. The activation energies, based on the CL and TBARS values, decreased specifically when the a_w increased from 0.38 to 0.72, giving overall values ranging from110 kJ mol⁻¹ to 60 kJ mol⁻¹. Likewise, in the same water activity range, the temperature-dependent rate constant enhancing factor (Q₁₀) decreased from 3.3 to 1.6.     

Protective effects of a synthetic soybean isoflavone against oxidative damage in chick skeletal muscle cells

The antioxidant and protective properties of a synthetic soybean isoflavone (SI) were investigated using chick skeletal (leg) muscle cells (SMC) isolated from 20-day-old Linnan yellow broiler chick embryo. Skeletal muscle cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium treated with 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μM SI, respectively, under 80 μM H₂O₂/FeSO₄ conditions. After 24 h of incubation, SI reduced the loss of SMC under oxidative stress by H₂O₂/FeSO₄. The addition of SI significantly promoted SMC proliferation (P < 0.01). Upon treatment with 25, 50, 75 and 100 μM SI, the activity of total superoxide dismutase in the supernatant of the media was enhanced by 17.0%, 13.0%, 13.3% and 11.9%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared to the control, the activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly increased only at 25 μM concentration of SI (P < 0.05), and the increment was 90.7%. The activity of catalase was increased by 49.2% and 49.1%, respectively, at 75 and 100 μM SI (P < 0.01). The concentration of creatine kinase in the media was decreased by 61.6% and 60.6%, respectively, at 75 and 100 μM SI (P < 0.01). The addition of SI did not affect the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the media. In conclusion, the SI protected skeletal muscle cells from oxidative damage, attributed to its antioxidant activity.     

Crude glycerine inclusion in Limousin bull diets: Animal performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality

Three hundred and six Limousin young bulls (7 ± 1 months of age, initial body weight 273 ± 43 kg) were used to evaluate the effect of crude glycerine supplementation on animal performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. Animals were assigned to three different diets: Control (0% of crude glycerine), G2 and G4 (2 and 4% of crude glycerine, respectively). The diets were administrated ad libitum for 240 days (final body weight 644 ± 24 kg). Average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, the gain:feed ratio, ultrasound measures in vivo, carcass characteristics, pH, water holding capacity, drip losses, and cooking losses were not affected (P > 0.05) by diets. Diet decreased C16:0 (P < 0.01) and C16:1 (P < 0.05) contents in meat. The G4 meat showed lower C12:0, C14:0, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, c9,t11-c18:2, C20:0 and C20:4 levels (P < 0.05) than control. Glycerine increased desirable fatty acid percentages (P < 0.05) in intramuscular fat.     

Mineral content of tropical fruits and unconventional foods of the Andes and the rain forest of Colombia

A total of 68 species of starchy foods, tropical fruits, leaves and tubers (101 samples), were collected on the foothills of the Colombian Andes and in the rain forests of the Colombian Pacific coast. Their edible portion was analyzed for mineral content (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Cl, S, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Se, Co, Ni). The foods were generally high in K (36–1.782 mg K/100 g edible portion) and low in sodium (<45 mg Na/100 g edible portion). The tree foliages had the highest contents in most of the elements, especially in calcium (280–1242 mg Ca/100 g edible portion, i.e., up to 62 g Ca/kg dry matter) and iron (0.7–8.4 mg Fe/100 g edible portion). Correlations (P < 0.001) were observed between total ash and many elements, especially Ca and Mg (r =  0.77 and 0.73, respectively). High correlations were also obtained between Ca and Mg (r = 0.93).     

Effect of multiple factors on accumulation of nucleosides and bases in Cordyceps militaris

In order to improve the accumulation of valuable metabolites (3′-deoxyadenosine, adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, uridine, adenine and uracil) in Cordyceps militaris, multiple factors such as carbon sources, nitrogen sources, metal ions and fermentation duration were investigated in liquid shake flasks. Using both potato broth and glucose as carbon sources were found to facilitate the production of nucleosides and bases most, and 2% of glucose was the most suitable initial level. Mixture of 0.3% yeast extract with 0.3% peptone was the best selection of nitrogen sources and supplementing with 0.1 mmol/L Mn²⁺ achieved the maximum biomass and biosynthesis of nucleosides and bases among all investigated metal ions. The most suitable harvest time for C. militaris was found to be the 6th day, because the production of 3′-deoxyadenosine, adenosine and uridine began to speed up from the later exponential growth phase until the 6th day. Finally, under optimal culture conditions, the contents of 3′-deoxyadenosine, adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, uridine, adenine and uracil were increased to 0.212 ± 0.014 mg/g, 5.05 ± 0.31 mg/g, 4.03 ± 0.30 mg/g, 0.556 ± 0.029 mg/g, 6.39 ± 0.33 mg/g, 0.208 ± 0.016 mg/g and 0.437 ± 0.027 mg/g, respectively.