Retanal X-1噁唑烷鞣剂应用研究

分别采用新型双环噁唑烷复鞣剂(Retanal X-1)和戊二醛对黄牛蓝湿革进行复鞣,并结合合成鞣剂和荆树皮栲胶复鞣应用比较;用Retanal X-1对绵羊蓝湿革进行复鞣,并结合丙烯酸树脂复鞣剂复鞣应用比较。对复鞣后的废水总化学需氧量(COD)、总含铬量(TCr)、总含氮量(TKN)进行检测,测定坯革的物理力学性能以探讨Retanal X-1噁唑烷鞣剂的应用性能。结果表明,在黄牛革应用中,与戊二醛相比,Retanal X-1复鞣剂鞣革较软,并有较高的物理力学性能;加入合成鞣剂和荆树皮栲胶后,Retanal X-1复鞣革对铬的吸收增率约为39.7%;在绵羊革应用中,与其它两种丙烯酸复鞣剂相比,加入Relugan RE型丙烯酸树脂复鞣剂后的革物理力学抗性较好,Retanal X-1复鞣革对铬的吸收增率最高约为6.45%。实验结果表明,将Retanal X-1用于复鞣可增加成革对铬的吸收,使坯革物理力学性能提高。     

PAAS-TiO_2的制备及其复鞣填充性能研究

将水性二氧化钛(TiO_2)纳米粒子改性成大分子引发剂,并与丙烯酸叔丁酯(tBA)进行原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)合成了PtBA-TiO_2,通过水解制备PAAS-TiO_2,并考察了其对坯革的增厚率、物理机械性能、耐湿热稳定性等性能的影响。结果表明:在4.5%的PAAS-TiO_2的复鞣填充作用下,坯革的背脊、中间及边肷部位分别增厚5.9%、8.8%和11.3%。坯革收缩温度最高可达114.9℃,也可有效降低复鞣填充工序废液中的Cr_2O_3、COD和BOD的含量,并不同程度地提升坯革的物理力学性能。     

丙烯酸树脂复鞣剂的亲水性对无铬鞣皮革性能的影响

无铬鞣革普遍存在亲水性强、纤维分散不足等问题，通过调控复鞣材料的亲疏水性来设计适用于无铬鞣革的复鞣剂可能是解决该问题的有效策略。研究了丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸长链烷基酯合成的丙烯酸树脂复鞣剂（AR）的亲水性（羧基单体含量）对有机无铬鞣革性能的影响。结果表明，随着羧基单体含量的增加，AR的粒径逐渐减小、表面负电荷增加，其在无铬鞣革内的渗透深度和分布均匀度增加。当丙烯酸单体的含量为45%时，AR能完全渗透坯革，且所得复鞣坯革的纤维分散程度、疏水性能、耐干热稳定性、撕裂强度、抗张强度等最高。由此可见，设计亲疏水性合适的AR对改善无铬鞣皮革的综合性能具有重要意义。     

不浸酸铬鞣剂在复鞣工艺中的应用研究

为了研究不浸酸铬鞣剂在复鞣中应用的可行性,将不浸酸铬鞣剂在填充前和填充后应用于皮革复鞣工序,对所得革坯和复鞣废液的理化指标进行分析。实验结果表明:蓝湿革先经填充再进行铬复鞣,所得革坯增厚率大,物理力学性能好,皮革中Cr2O3含量、油脂含量高,废液中Cr2O3含量、COD含量低;而蓝湿革先经铬复鞣再进行填充则与之相反。与使用常规铬鞣剂相比,使用不浸酸铬鞣剂进行复鞣操作,尤其是先填充再铬复鞣,可明显提高革坯的增厚率、物理机械强度、皮革中Cr2O3含量和油脂含量,并可降低复鞣、加脂废液中Cr2O3含量、COD含量。总之,不浸酸铬鞣剂这种新型鞣剂可以用于皮革复鞣。     

新型丙烯酸复鞣剂Retanal CLE应用研究

根据新型丙烯酸基聚合树脂Retanal CLE复鞣剂的基本性能,将Retanal CLE复鞣剂分别应用于牛蓝湿革及绵羊蓝湿革复鞣,并与丙烯酸复鞣剂Relugan RE和Luoktan 1084应用相比。结果表明:Retanal CLE复鞣后坯革具有良好的柔软度、收缩温度(Ts)、增厚率以及物理力学性能。4%Retanal CLE单次使用后坯革性能优于分2次使用的坯革性能,且能有效减少败色现象。同时,Retanal CLE复鞣后废液中总含铬量(T_(Cr))降低得更多。     

纳米复合少铬鞣助剂结合回收铬液在牛皮二层鞋面革生产中的应用

将3%纳米复合少铬鞣助剂KR-T114结合不同用量的回收铬液应用于牛皮二层鞋面革大生产复鞣工序,对鞣后废液Cr2O3含量、CODCr、BOD5,坯革的收缩温度、柔软度、力学性能和综合手感进行检测与评价,对中和染色加脂后坯革进行扫描电镜分析。结果表明:采用3%KR-T114分别结合12%回收铬液、20%回收铬液对二层蓝湿皮进行复鞣后,坯革收缩温度均达到100℃以上,抗张强度提高且柔软度与常规铬鞣革相当;3%KR-T114结合12%回收铬液复鞣后废液中的Cr2O3含量可降至640.7 mg/L,且CODCr、BOD5值均有所降低;扫描电镜结果表明KR-T114有利于皮纤维的分散。     

胶原蛋白基合成鞣- - -剂在复鞣填充中的应用研究

为了掌握胶原蛋白基合成鞣剂的应用功能特点,将SYNTAN CCL分别在铬复鞣、丙烯酸树脂复鞣剂复鞣或栲胶填充工艺中进行应用研究,结果表明:胶原蛋白基合成鞣剂能促进铬的吸收,显著降低废液中的铬含量;能促进铬的均匀分布,减轻革的松面现象,减小部位差;能明显降低丙烯酸树脂复鞣革的塑感,且提高染料的吸收率;能促进栲胶的渗透与吸...     

高分子量丙烯酸树脂复鞣剂的应用

4种相对分子质量约为10~5的丙烯酸基树脂(其中有:160416831600CLE)的基本性能,以及应用于黄牛蓝湿皮的铬复鞣被分析比较。探究这些差异对后续坯革湿染整加工的影响的结果表明:4种丙烯酸树脂的耐铬稳定性依次为1683CLE16041600,共性结果表明:用于铬复鞣中均可提高铬鞣剂的吸收率。缺点是会影响革面染料的吸收,尤其是与铬复鞣同时使用;分别使用(在铬复鞣中1.5%,中和后3.0%)有更好的物理力学性和增厚,尤其是1604与1683。CLE与1604复鞣后的粒面平细度最佳。     

丙烯酸树脂/二氧化硅复鞣剂的制备及应用研究

采用含有不同基团的纳米二氧化硅和丙烯酸树脂复鞣剂,复合制备了聚合物基纳米复合鞣剂。对系列复鞣剂进行透射电镜(TEM)的测试,结果表明:含双键的纳米二氧化硅能够较均匀地分散于聚合物基体中。将系列复鞣剂应用于山羊蓝湿革复鞣工艺,对复鞣后成革的收缩温度、物理机械性能及透气、透水气性能进行了考察。研究结果表明:纳米SiO2改性后,革样的各项性能都有较大幅度的提高或与未改性前的相接近,其中与单独用Lekotan970复鞣剂复鞣相比,纳米复合鞣剂970/RNS-D能提高坯革抗张强度24·6%,而纳米复合鞣剂970/RNS-Am,970/RNS-H,能分别提高透水气性42·17%、41·83%。采用纳米SiO2改性丙烯酸树脂复鞣剂,能够达到增强、增韧的效果。     

苯乙烯一马来酸酐树脂的应用性能研究

通过测定苯乙烯一马来酸酐树脂AST、MT和MTc的基本性能及其复鞣填充后坯革的物性。结果表明,AST、MT和MTC耐铬、耐盐和乳液稳定性等性质优良;先用苯乙烯一马来酸酐树脂与铬粉一起复鞣能降低废液中的含铬量;AST、MT和MTC复鞣填充后的坯革的弹塑性、柔软性优良,MT复鞣后的坯革部位差最小,MTC复鞣后的坯革机械强度最优。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.