PPC与IPDI原位聚合增韧聚乳酸

以聚碳酸亚丙酯多元醇(PPC)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为反应性增韧单体,在熔融共混过程中原位聚合生成聚氨酯(PU)增韧相,制备了新型增韧PLA/PU材料。通过FTIR、万能电子试验机、TG、DSC、SEM测试研究了单体用量对PLA共混物加工性、相容性及韧性的影响规律。结果表明:随着增韧单体用量的增加,共混物中PLA组分的冷结晶温度(Tc)和玻璃化转变温度(Tg)降低;当n(NCO)/n(OH)=1/1,PPC用量为30%时,共混物的断裂伸长率和冲击强度比纯PLA分别增加71.8倍和15.6倍;原位聚合物对PLA有较好的增韧效果。     

植物油多元醇与L赖氨酸乙酯二异氰酸酯原位单体反应型增韧聚乳酸

以可生物降解的植物油多元醇（HM10100）和L-赖氨酸乙酯二异氰酸酯（LDI）作为反应性增韧单体,熔融共混过程中原位形成与聚乳酸（PLA）基体相容性良好、且分散均匀的交联聚氨酯弹性体增韧相,最终制备出一种新型全生物降解的增韧PLA材料,分别研究了2种反应型增韧单体总质量含量和它们之间异氰酸酯基团与羟基的等当量比（nNCO/nOH）对PLA共混物力学、结晶性能及冲击断面形貌的影响规律。结果表明,当2种增韧单体总含量为40 %（质量分数,下同）且nNCO/nOH =1:0.8时,共混物的缺口冲击强度最高,约为纯PLA的3.5倍;随着2种增韧单体总含量和官能团摩尔比的增加,共混物中PLA组分的冷结晶温度(Tcc)和玻璃化转变温度(Tg)增加。     

聚酰胺66/改性耐热聚乳酸共混物的力学性能和结晶行为

采用熔融共混和注射成型制备了改性耐热聚酰胺66/聚乳酸（PA66/PLA）共混物,经热处理后,探讨了PLA含量对共混物的断口样貌形态、力学性能以及结晶性能的影响。结果表明,PLA与PA66具有一定的相容性,当PLA的含量不超过10 %（质量分数,下同）时,PA66/PLA共混物的拉伸强度在PA66的93 %以上,其断裂伸长率对比PLA得到了倍数级的增长,是PLA断裂伸长率的8.6倍;当PLA的含量不超过20 %时,共混物的结晶性能变好,提升结晶速率,缩短结晶时间,结晶度有所提高;但当PLA的含量超过20 %以后,共混物的拉伸强度则出现了不同程度的降低。     

纳米纤维素协同聚氨酯增强增韧聚乳酸的研究

以聚乳酸（PLA）为基体、聚氨酯（PU）为增韧相、纳米纤维素（NCF）为增强相,通过溶液法与熔融共混制得PLA/PU/NCF复合材料,研究了PU和NCF的含量对PLA力学性能与热稳定性的影响。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热失重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜和力学性能测试手段对PLA/PU/NCF复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明,柔顺的PU分子限制了PLA的结晶,提升了PLA基体的韧性;刚性的NCF通过氢键作用提升了PLA基体的强度;当NCF含量为3 %、PU含量为17 %时,PLA/PU/NCF复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率比纯PLA提升了12.10 %和694.91 %;高温热稳定性有了显著改善,复合材料的600 ℃残炭率为19.36 %。     

聚乳酸/聚乙醇酸共混合金界面改性研究

用熔融共混挤出法制备了不同配比的聚乳酸(PLA)/聚乙醇酸(PGA)共混合金,并分别加入环氧型扩链剂ADR 4370F进行对比分析,通过拉伸性能测试、弯曲性能测试、缺口冲击强度测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热(DSC)仪研究了共混合金力学性能、相容性和结晶性能。结果表明:与纯PLA和纯PGA相比,PLA/PGA共混合金的相容性差,导致力学性能降低,纯PLA、纯PGA和70%PLA/30%PGA合金的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度分别为58.6 MPa,123.5 MPa,8.52%,9.0 J/m;91.9 MPa,157.6 MPa,7.9%,5.2 J/m;41.2 MPa,91.2 MPa,3.8%,2.0 J/m。PLA和PGA可以互相加快结晶速度,加入环氧型扩链剂可以改善合金的相容性,上述四个力学性能可相应提高到49.2 MPa,96.0 MPa,4.5%,4.3 J/m,而且降低了PLA和PGA的结晶度。另外,向PLA中加入1%PGA时,PGA可以充当PLA的成核剂,使PLA的冷结晶温度降低10℃左右,结晶度提高1.3%。     

天然橡胶和纤维素纳米晶对聚乳酸的共混改性研究

通过在天然橡胶(NR)分子链上接枝丙烯酸丁酯(BA)制备接枝改性物NR-g-PBA,并将NR-g-PBA以及NRg-PBA和纤维素纳米晶(CNC)分别与聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混,得到PLA/NR-g-PBA二元共混物和PLA/NR-g-PBA/CNC三元共混物。研究NR-g-PBA和CNC对共混物力学性能、结晶性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明:与PLA相比,PLA/NR-g-PBA二元共混物的韧性提高,但拉伸强度降低;随着CNC用量增大,PLA/NR-g-PBA/CNC三元共混物的拉伸强度和拉断伸长率均呈先提高后降低趋势,PLA/NR-g-PBA/CNC共混物(CNC相对于PLA的质量分数为0. 005)的拉伸强度最高,PLA/NR-g-PBA/CNC共混物(CNC相对于PLA的质量分数为0. 01)的拉断伸长率最高;PLA/NR-g-PBA二元共混物和PLA/NR-g-PBA/CNC三元共混物的结晶温度和结晶度均比纯PLA有所提高;NR-g-PBA和CNC的引入有助于提高PLA的热稳定性。     

聚氨酯预聚体增容PLA/TPU复合材料的制备与性能

以聚乳酸(PLA)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)和聚氨酯预聚体(PUP)为原料,通过原位反应制备了一系列聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯(PLA/TPU)复合材料,并详细分析了PUP对PLA/TPU复合材料的反应原理、力学性能、断面形貌及结晶性能的影响。结果表明:随着PUP的加入,复合材料的拉伸样条出现明显的屈服和缩颈现象,当PUP含量为15%时,试样的断裂伸长率提升了382%,冲击强度是未加PUP试样的2. 1倍,拉伸强度轻微下降,另外,FTIR和SEM分析结果表明,PUP中NCO基团与PLA中末端羟基或羧基的反应显著改善了PLA和TPU共混物的相容性。结晶测试表明,PLA/TPU复合材料比纯PLA的结晶速率和晶体的完善程度都高。     

工艺条件对PBAT/PLA原位成纤共混体系结构与性能的影响

将质量比为80/20的PBAT/PLA共混物在单螺杆挤出流延成型机中通过调控工艺条件（口模温度、拉伸速度）直接熔融共混制备PBAT/PLA原位成纤共混薄膜。结果表明,在较低口模温度时,随着拉伸速度的提高,PLA微纤细化程度加大,结晶度先提高后降低,纵向拉伸强度先增加后减小,力学性能各向异性明显。在口模温度为150℃、拉伸速度为5.0 m/min时,共混体系中PLA成纤效果最明显;PBAT和PLA的结晶度最高分别为4.8%和23.7%;纵向拉伸强度达到29.8 MPa,比纯PBAT提高了41%。     

成核剂与增容剂调控聚乳酸/聚丙烯复合材料的结晶与力学性能研究

通过熔融共混法制备聚丙烯/聚乳酸(PP/PLA)复合材料,研究成核剂癸二酸二苯基二酰肼(TMC-300)和增容剂聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)对PP/PLA复合材料的结晶行为、热学性能、力学性能的影响。结果表明,TMC-300能够显著提高PP/PLA共混物的结晶速率和结晶度,降低球晶尺寸,并改善复合材料的力学性能。当TMC-300添加量为0.5%时,共混物的熔点从163.9℃提高到168.6℃,结晶度达到44.2%,比纯PP/PLA提高25.6%,拉伸强度和冲击强度分别增加了13.33%,49.86%。当增容剂与成核剂并用时,增容剂可改善PLA链段运动能力,并提供更多的成核位点,进一步促进PLA的结晶性能,且结晶的分布由海岛式结构变为双连续相结构,复合材料的拉伸强度比纯PP/PLA提升了19.25%。     

聚乳酸/环氧大豆油共混物的性能

聚乳酸（PLA）与环氧大豆油（ESO）经熔融共混制得具有高韧性的PLA/ESO共混物,并研究了ESO含量对PLA微观形态、力学和流变性能的影响规律。结果表明：ESO可显著降低PLA的熔体黏度,提高PLA的韧性;PLA/ESO共混物在低ESO含量（10%）时为部分相容,而在高ESO含量（20%和30%）时发生了相分离,从而使共混物的断裂伸长率和冲击强度随ESO含量增加先增大后减小,且分别在ESO含量为20%和15%时达到最大值,约为PLA的17倍和2.9倍,而拉伸强度则随之减小。     

Polyurethane toughened polylactide

Summary Brittle polylactide (PLA) was toughened by introducing 5 wt % of a poly(ɛ-caprolactone)(PCL) diol- and triol-based polyurethane (PU) network. The extent of cross-linking of the PU was varied by changing the ratio between diol and triol. The effects of the PU content and its crosslink density on the mechanical properties and the toughness of PU/PLA blends were investigated. Maximum toughness of PU/PLA blends, an order of magnitute higher than that of pure PLA, could be achieved by the use of a proper amount of PU and a proper extent of cross-linking. Received: 17 September 1997/Revised version: 15 December 1997/Accepted: 17 December 1997     

Miscibility and thermal and mechanical properties of melt‐mixed poly(lactic acid)/poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/(methyl methacrylate)‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer blends

This study examined the miscibility and mechanical properties of melt‐mixed poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly (trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), and PLA/PTT blend with 5–10 phr of methyl methacrylate‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer (MBS). The isothermal crystallization kinetics of the PTT blends were analyzed by using the Avrami equation. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscope results indicated that the miscibility of the PLA/PTT blends was improved by adding 5–10 phr of MBS. Although PLA, with the addition of 10 phr of MBS, had lower tensile strength at yield and higher breaking elongation and impact strength than pure PLA, no improvement in these mechanical properties could be observed in PLA/PTT blends. This result is explained by assuming that the crystallization of PTT at the interface favors the disentanglement of MBS from the PTT domain. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

异氰酸酯对聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯共混物性能的影响

以4,4^′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）为反应增容剂，采用熔融共混法制备了不同MDI含量的聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯（PLA/TPU）共混物，采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、万能试验机、冲击试验机、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和旋转流变仪对共混物力学性能、微观形态、热性能和流变性能进行了研究。结果表明：MDI可以有效改善共混物的力学性能，当MDI质量分数为1%时，共混物力学性能最佳，缺口冲击强度为40.0kJ/m²，断裂伸长率为214.1%，与未加MDI的共混物相比，分别增加了4.3倍和5.8倍，拉伸强度稍有下降（47.6MPa）；SEM表明，MDI的加入提高了共混物的相容性，加入MDI后，共混物的断面由海-岛结构变为核-壳包覆结构，相界面作用力增强；DSC测试表明，共混物的玻璃化转变温度、冷结晶温度和熔融温度随着MDI含量的增加而升高；流变测试表明，MDI质量分数的增加，共混物呈现更显著的剪切变稀行为，推测共混反应机理为：MDI质量分数的增加，体系内依次发生PLA的扩链、支化和TPU的交联。     

PLA/PTW共混物的制备及性能研究

聚乳酸(PLA)/乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物(PTW)以不同比例通过双螺杆挤出机反应性挤出制备。对PLA/PTW共混物的力学性能、热性能、流变性能和动态力学性能进行了研究。力学结果表明,添加5%的PTW时,共混物的冲击强度为纯PLA的4倍左右,明显改善了PLA的柔韧性。热性能测试结果表明PTW的加入抑制了PLA的结晶能力,提高了PLA/PTW共混物的热稳定性。动态力学测试表明PLA与PTW之间有一定的相容性。     

聚乳酸/聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯合共混体系发泡行为研究

采用多环氧基团增容剂制备了聚乳酸/聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PLA/PBAT)共混物,研究了增容剂含量对于PLA/PBAT共混体系的结晶和流变性能的影响。并采用高压釜发泡的方法进行PLA/PBAT共混物的间歇发泡,研究增容剂对发泡材料泡体结构的影响。结果表明,增容剂加入后会降低其绝对结晶度,以及显著改善PLA/PBAT共混体系的熔体弹性,提高其可发性;增容剂可以有效地改善共混体系的泡体结构,降低共混物发泡密度,提高其发泡倍率。     

Morphology,rheology, crystallization behavior,and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate)/dicumyl peroxide reactive blends

The reactive blends were prepared by the blending of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a radical initiator in the melt state. The gel fractions, morphologies, crystallization behaviors, and rheological and mechanical properties of the reactive blends were investigated. Some crosslinked/branched structures were formed according to the rheological measurement and gel fraction results, and the crosslinked/branched structures played the role of nucleation site for the reactive blends. The PLA–PBS copolymers of the reactive blends acted as a compatibilizer for the PLA and PBS phases and, hence, improved the compatibility between the two components. Moreover, it was found that the reactive blends showed the most excellent mechanical properties as the DCP contents were 0.2 and 0.3 phr. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39580.     

The effect of the soft segment of polyurethane on copolymer-type polyacetal/polyurethane blends

Mechanical blends of copolymer-type polyacetal (POM) with ester-based and ether-based polyurethane (PU) are immiscible over the 0–50% PU compositional range. The PU elastomer was added to the rigid POM matrix to increase its toughness. The mechanical, physical, thermal, dielectric, and dynamic mechanical properties and morphology of POM/PU blends were investigated. The notched Izod-impact strength of blends reaches a maximum at 10 wt % PU. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, volume resistivity, crystallinity, and density decrease with increasing concentration of PU. The elongation of blends reaches a maximum at 20 wt % PU. The dielectric constant and dissipation factor increase with increasing PU content. From dynamic mechanical measurements, as the elastomer content increases, the height of the damping peak also increases, but there is no transition temperature shift. SEM shows that the blends exhibit a continuous morphology with domain size varying from 1 to 10 μm for PU. However, at a concentration of 50 wt % PU, the dispersed PU particles tend to aggregate. Characterization of morphology by a metallurgical microscope has shown that the crystalline materials in the pure POM and the blends exist in a spherulitic superstructure.