稀土纳米复合镀层的制备及高温抗氧化性能研究

利用超声波在电镀过程中产生的空化效应,解决稀土纳米颗粒在电镀过程中易发生团聚的问题.得到性能优良的Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层.结果表明,在实验条件下的最佳工艺参数为:镀液中CeO2颗粒量为40g/L,阴极电流密度为4 A/dm2,超声波功率为240W,频率为20 kHz.有超声镀层的电沉积率比无超声镀层的要大;有超声镀层的可形成致密的氧化膜,其高温抗氧化性能要优于无超声镀层的.     

电沉积方式对Ni-CeO_2纳米复合镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用直流电沉积、脉冲电沉积和超声辅助脉冲电沉积制备Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层,研究电沉积方式对纳米复合镀层表面形貌、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜分析其磨损机理。结果表明:电沉积方式对Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的晶粒尺寸和性能有较大影响;当超声波引入脉冲电沉积过程时,超声波的强力搅拌作用和超声空化效应能促进CeO2纳米颗粒在镀层中均匀分布,进一步减小镀层的晶粒尺寸,明显提高镀层的显微硬度,从而改善镀层的摩擦磨损性能;Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能均优于纯Ni镀层的;而超声辅助脉冲电沉积制备的Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的晶粒更加细小、显微硬度最高,其摩擦因数最低,耐磨损性能最佳。     

电沉积方式对 Ni-ZrO2 纳米复合镀层耐腐蚀性能的影响

目的改善Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能。方法分别采用普通电沉积、旋转阴极电沉积、超声电沉积和超声-旋转阴极电沉积四种方式制备Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层,分析镀层的ZrO2含量和微观形貌,研究镀层的耐腐蚀性能。结果普通电沉积镀层的ZrO2含量高,但晶粒粗大,组织不够致密,腐蚀速率高,腐蚀后的微观表面存在很多大的腐蚀坑洞。旋转阴极和超声辅助电沉积的镀层ZrO2含量较低,但晶粒有所细化,耐腐蚀性能提高。超声-旋转阴极电沉积的镀层ZrO2含量最低,但晶粒细化程度最高,组织致密度也最好,腐蚀速率低,表面腐蚀特征不明显。结论超声场和旋转阴极都会影响镀层的组织结构和ZrO2含量,超声波和旋转阴极协同作用下的效果最为显著,制备的纳米复合镀层耐腐蚀性能最好。     

300M钢表面无裂纹电镀硬铬的显微硬度和耐腐蚀性研究

利用陶瓷粒子摩擦辅助无裂纹硬铬电镀工艺技术进行脉冲电镀硬铬试验。通过改变电流密度、阴极转速、镀液温度、脉冲频率及占空比等参数,在300M钢基体上进行基础试验,研究了无裂纹工艺对电镀层显微硬度和镀层耐腐蚀性的影响,并对试验工艺参数进行了优化,最终得到结晶晶粒细致、镀层显微硬度高、表面耐腐性好的无裂纹电镀层。采用SEM测试镀层的微观形貌,无裂纹工艺制备的镀层外观光亮平整、组织均匀、无裂纹。     

电化学沉积Ni-W合金纳米晶镀层的组织与硬度研究

采用电沉积制备Ni-W合金纳米晶镀层，研究了纳米晶的形成与镀层组织结构和硬度。随着镀液组分的变化，镀层的表面形貌发生变化；X射线衍射结果表明，Ni-W合金的晶粒尺寸在17-30m之间；镀液组成、pH值、电流密度、温度等因素对Ni-W合金纳米晶沉积层的硬度都有影响，最主要的影响因素是pH值及电流密度。     

超声条件下脉冲电沉积Ni-CeO_2纳米复合镀层的高温抗氧化性

在脉冲电沉积过程中通过施加超声波制备Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层,利用SEM、XRD等分析方法,研究Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的高温抗氧化性能。结果表明:共沉积的CeO2纳米颗粒使基质金属Ni的晶粒尺寸减小,而超声波的引入进一步促使晶粒细化;弥散分布在镀层中的CeO2纳米颗粒有效降低纳米复合镀层氧化质量的增量;纳米颗粒以及超声波的晶粒细化作用均显著提高纳米复合镀层的高温抗氧化性能;与无超声作用相比,超声条件下脉冲电沉积制备的Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层晶粒细小、氧化质量的增量少;在CeO2添加量为40g/L时,所制备的纳米复合镀层的高温抗氧化性能最高。     

镀液组成和脉冲电沉积条件对钴镀层特性和显微硬度的影响（英文）

采用脉冲电沉积技术从硫酸钴基电解液中制备纳米晶钴镀层,研究镀液组成和电沉积条件对电流效率以及镀层形貌、结构和硬度的影响,确定最佳沉积条件。研究发现,增大镀液中硫酸钴浓度和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)含量对镀层显微硬度的影响可忽略不计,而对电沉积电流效率的影响显著。在电沉积镀液中加入糖精,可使六方密堆结构(hcp)钴薄膜的晶粒尺寸减小,显微硬度提高,而对电流效率无显著影响。在含有SDS和糖精的镀液中获得的镀层表面更光滑,缺陷更少。结果表明,电流效率和显微硬度均随峰值电流密度和占空比的变化而变化,随着电流密度和占空比的增大,表面光滑的镀层变为针状,晶粒尺寸和择优取向也随之改变。     

超声场中镍-氧化铈纳米复合材料的电铸工艺

采用电铸方法在超声场中制备了Ni-CeO2纳米复合材料,研究了超声波功率、CeO2纳米颗粒添加量、阴极电流密度对纳米复合材料中CeO2含量的影响,考察了超声波作用下的电铸速率和电流效率,并对纳米复合材料表面形貌和显微硬度进行了检测.结果表明,超声场中制备Ni-CeO2纳米复合材料的最佳工艺参数:超声波功率为300 W,频率为28 kHz,CeO2纳米颗粒添加量为40 g/L,阴极电流密度为6 A/dm2,镀液温度范围在45～60 ℃,在最佳工艺条件下可获得CeO2质量分数为3.0 %的Ni-CeO2纳米复合材料;与无超声作用时制备的Ni-CeO2纳米复合材料相比,其表面形貌更平整、组织更致密、晶粒更细小.在电铸中引入超声波,可抑止纳米颗粒的团聚,促进纳米颗粒与基体金属均匀共沉积,进一步细化晶粒;并且可以提高电铸速率和电流效率,明显提高纳米复合材料的显微硬度.     

退火对电沉积纳米晶镍在不同腐蚀液中耐蚀性影响的研究

采用直流电沉积法制备纳米晶Ni镀层,通过电化学法研究了不同热处理温度下电沉积纳米晶镍的耐蚀性。结果表明：电沉积纳米晶镍在200 ℃以下退火,晶粒尺寸变化不明显,300 ℃退火后,晶粒显著增大,但尺寸仍为纳米级;电沉积纳米晶镍经过200和300 ℃的退火处理,有利于改善抗高浓度NaOH和NaCl腐蚀液腐蚀的能力;纳米晶镍在NaOH和NaCl腐蚀液中的耐蚀性能不同,Cl^-对纳米晶镍的腐蚀性远高于OH^-腐蚀。     

超声波作用下电沉积纳米晶Co-W合金镀层

在碳钢表面电沉积纳米晶Co-W合金镀层,电沉积过程中利用超声波作用提升镀层的表面硬度及耐蚀性。利用XRD、EDX和SEM对镀层的组成和微结构进行了分析。结果表明,纳米晶Co-W合金镀层为密排六方(hcp)结构,当引入40~100 W功率的超声波作用时,镀层更加平整紧密、内应力降低,镀层晶粒也得以细化;随着超声波功率的升高,镀层中钨含量不断增加;当镀层中钨的原子质量分数为26.51%时,镀层仍旧维持纳米晶状态。超声波作用下制备的镀层晶粒尺寸小、钨含量高、表面缺陷少,进而使得镀层的表面硬度和耐腐蚀性得以提升。     

Characterization of nanocrystalline Co–W coatings on Cu substrate,electrodeposited from a citrate-ammonia bath

Cobalt–tungsten nanocrystalline coatings were electrodeposited on copper substrate using different current densities. The deposited coatings were single phase solid solution with an average grain size of about 18 nm, showing a nodular type of surface morphology. By increasing the deposition current density, the density of nodules was increased, with no obvious variation in grain size. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed the codeposition of tungsten through reduction of tungsten oxide film formed during the electrodeposition process. However, the role of ternary complexes in the bath cannot be ruled out, especially at lower cathodic potentials. The Co–W coating deposited at lower current densities showed higher tungsten content, microhardness, wear resistance and friction coefficient. However, this coating showed an inferior corrosion resistance. By increasing the deposition current density, a low tungsten coating with high corrosion resistant was obtained. This is attributed to the lower value of exchange current density of water reduction in the present of oxygen (i₀^H2O) achieved on the coating with lower tungsten content.     

Electrodeposition behavior and characteristics of Ni-carbon nanotube composite coatings

Ni-CNT (carbon nanotube) composite coatings were processed by electrodeposition and their hardness and corrosion characteristics were investigated with variations of CNT concentration in an electrolyte solution and electrodeposition current density. With increasing the CNT concentration in the electrodeposition bath and the current density, more CNTs are incorporated into Ni matrix. Hardness values of the Ni-CNT coatings are irrelevant to the CNT concentration in the solution, the current density, and current mode, implying poor adhesion of CNTs to Ni matrix. With increasing the CNT content in the coating, the corrosion resistance of the Ni-CNT composite coating becomes inferior due to the porous microstructure.     

Microstructure and properties of nanocrystalline nickel coatings prepared by pulse jet electrodeposition

The fabrication of nanocrystalline nickel coatings was conducted by pulse jet electrodeposition on the substrate of 45# carbon steel. The effects of average current density on the surface morphology, microstructure, average grain size and microhardness of nickel coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and microhardness measurement. In addition, the corrosion resistances of coating and substrate were compared. It is revealed that the nickel coatings prepared by pulse jet electrodeposition exhibit a fine-grained structure with a smooth surface and a high density, although some pores and defects are still present in coatings. With the increase of average current density, the average grain size of nickel coatings is reduced at first and then increased. The coating with the optimum compactness, the smallest average grain size (13.7 nm) and the highest microhardness are obtained at current density of 39.8 A/dm2. The corrosion resistance is obviously increased for the coatings prepared by pulse jet electrodeposition; however, the corrosion rate is increased after a certain period due to the penetration of the corrosive media.     

Hard and Corrosion-Resistant Ni-<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis>Al-<Emphasis Type="Italic">y</Emphasis>Ti Nanocomposite Coatings for CNT/Al Composites

The ternary Ni-xAl-yTi (x, y in wt.%) nanocomposite protective coatings were electroplated on carbon nanotubes (CNT)/Al composite by the co-deposition of Al and Ti particles at several current densities. The dependences of microstructure, microhardness, residual stress, and corrosion resistance of the ternary nanocomposite coating on current density were investigated. The results showed that the embedded Al and Ti particles caused the crystallite refinement and the decrease of [200] fiber texture of nanocrystalline Ni matrix when current density decreased. The microstructure evolution endowed the ternary nanocomposite coating with high microhardness and corrosion resistance. The surface residual stress of the ternary nanocomposite coating increased with decreasing current density.     

脉冲电沉积WC-Co-Ni镀层的制备及性能研究

目的提高WC-Co-Ni纳米晶复合镀层的综合性能。方法利用脉冲电沉积法制备WC-Co-Ni纳米晶复合镀层,分析镀层的结构、表面形貌及元素成分,测试镀层的显微硬度。对WC-Co-Ni纳米晶复合镀层和304不锈钢进行5%(质量分数)H2SO4溶液浸泡实验,计算腐蚀速率,对比其耐蚀性。结果当脉冲参数为阴极电流密度5 A/dm2、脉冲占空比50%、脉冲频率2000 Hz时,施镀2 h制备的WC-Co-Ni复合镀层为纳米晶结构。镀层表面平整、光亮,无裂纹,由立方晶型的Ni、六方结构的WC和立方晶型的Co组成,WC-Co颗粒均匀弥散在纳米晶Ni镀层内,且m(Ni)∶m(W)∶m(C)∶m(Co)=6∶2∶1∶1。WCCo纳米颗粒起到了促进形核的作用,晶粒尺寸大多分布在20 nm左右。WC-Co纳米颗粒对镀层起到了弥散强化作用,使复合镀层的显微硬度达到600HV。在浸泡腐蚀实验中,随着温度从20℃升高至80℃,复合镀层的腐蚀速率增加缓慢,20℃下的腐蚀速率仅为0.4192 mm/a,80℃下的腐蚀速率也低于20mm/a。结论脉冲电沉积法制备的WC-Co-Ni纳米晶复合镀层硬度高于传统的不锈钢材料,耐蚀性也优于304不锈钢,综合性能较好。     

[Bmim]OTf-ZnCl2-PC体系超声电镀锌工艺及镀层耐蚀性能研究

目的研究超声功率对镀层表面形貌和镀层耐蚀性的影响。方法采用[Bmim]OTf-Zn Cl2-PC离子液体,利用超声电沉积方法,在铜电极表面沉积金属锌。利用电化学工作站考察阴极极化曲线以及镀层的耐蚀性能,测定镀层的电沉积速度。利用扫描电镜分析镀层的表面形貌,显微维氏硬度计测定镀层的硬度,考查超声波功率对镀层性能的影响。结果加入超声波后,金属的还原电位发生正移,镀层的沉积速度从无超声波作用时的4.652 g/(m~2·min)下降到2.146 g/(m~2·min),镀层表面均匀、致密,结合力强,表面硬度从无超声波作用时的185HV增加至251HV。根据Tafel直线外推法得出镀层的腐蚀电位从-1.14 V增加到-0.62 V,腐蚀电流密度从8.8μA/cm~2降低到2.3μA/cm~2,镀层的耐蚀性能变好。结论增加超声波功率明显提高镀层的表面质量,粗糙度逐渐变好,镀层耐蚀性有明显增加的趋势。综合考虑超声电沉积锌镀层的最佳超声功率为120 k W·h。     

Morphology,Texture and Corrosion Behavior of Nanocrystalline Copper–Graphene Composite Coatings

This article discusses morphology, texture and corrosion behavior of electrodeposited Cu–graphene composite coatings on mild steel. This study demonstrates that a metal–graphene composite coating, in which graphene is incorporated into a suitable metal matrix, is an effective way to harness the anti-corrosive potential of graphene in producing anti-corrosive coatings for corrosion-prone materials such as steel. Enhanced corrosion resistance of such metal–graphene coatings can facilitate reductions in the requisite coating thickness and material costs in a given coating application. Cu–graphene composite coatings were electrodeposited from sulfate-based acidic electrolytic baths consisting of uniform dispersions of electrochemically exfoliated graphene. Incorporation of graphene into a Cu matrix promoted finer coating morphology, reduction in crystallite size and a strong <220> texture, which subsequently made these composite coatings about 43% more corrosion resistant in 3.5% NaCl when compared to pure Cu coatings. Enhanced corrosion resistance of the composite coatings was indicated by the corrosion potential which increased with the amount of incorporated graphene.     

超声电镀锡铋合金研究

研究了超声波对锡铋合金电镀的影响.通过赫尔槽试验优选出最佳镀液配方和工艺条件,用SEM法观测了镀层形貌,并测试了镀层和镀液性能.结果表明:超声波的作用扩大了电流密度范围和温度范围;所得镀层表面光亮、结晶更细致、均匀,镀层结合力、抗氧化性和可焊性改善明显,耐蚀性增强;镀液性能稳定,阴极电流效率和沉积速度得到提高.因此,超声波对电镀工艺条件、镀层质量和镀液性能都有明显的改善作用.     

硅烷处理对 EW75 M 稀土镁合金阴极电泳涂层性能的影响

目的探究硅烷处理对阴极电泳涂层的耐腐蚀性能及其与基体间结合力的影响。方法对稀土镁合金表面进行硅烷前处理,再沉积阴极电泳涂层,评价涂层的耐腐蚀性能、抗溶胀性能,分析涂层的腐蚀微观形貌、组织结构及界面结合。结果硅烷膜层具有一定的防护性能,能够减少阴极电泳涂层针孔、橘皮的出现,增强阴极电泳涂层的致密性。硅烷改性能够提高阴极电泳涂层与基体的结合力,硅烷预处理的电泳试样在NMP溶液中浸泡102 h,依然结合完好;而未经硅烷预处理的电泳试样浸泡7 min后,涂层就完全剥落。此外,硅烷处理能够极大地改善阴极电泳涂层的阻抗性能,使涂层在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中浸泡227 h的极化电阻Rp仍在108数量级以上。结论硅烷阴极电泳复合涂层具有良好的耐蚀性能和抗溶胀性能,值得推广应用。