稀土Ce对Al-Cu4.5%合金热疲劳性能的影响

在接近材料实际工况的实验条件下,以铝铜合金(Cu4.5%)为研究对象,用自约束型热疲劳实验机对铈加入量不同的合金,进行了热疲劳实验以及热疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展规律的研究。结果表明:在裂纹萌生阶段,不加铈的铝铜合金的裂纹萌生速度明显大于加铈的合金;在裂纹扩展阶段,不加铈的铝铜合金裂纹扩展速度仍是最快。加入0.5?的合金在裂纹形成后期扩展速度明显加快,这是因为合金中出现针状富稀土相,这种针状相割裂了基体,使得合金力学性能降低、热疲劳抗力下降。加入0.3?的合金不论在裂纹萌生阶段还是裂纹扩展阶段,其热疲劳抗力都优于其它成分的合金。     

淬火速率对砂铸Al-7Si-0.4Mg合金拉伸性能及疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

研究了淬火速率对峰值时效状态下的砂铸Al-7Si-0.4Mg合金拉伸性能及疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响.结果表明,随着淬火速率的提高,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度以及α(Al)相的显微硬度均有提高,抗拉强度和屈服强度与淬火速率的对数值近似成线性关系.淬水速率对合金的延伸率影响较小,但对合金的室温疲劳裂纹扩展速率有明显影响,较高的淬火速率可以明显提高合金的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力.     

喷射沉积SiC_P／Al-7Si复合材料的疲劳裂纹扩展

采用紧凑拉伸试样进行恒载和降K控制的拉--拉疲劳实验, 研究了喷射沉积SiC_p/Al-7Si复合材料及其基体的疲劳裂纹扩展行为. 通过金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察了复合材料及其基体的组织和疲劳裂纹扩展形貌, 研究了SiC颗粒对复合材料疲劳裂纹扩展机制的影响. 结果表明: 复合材料在任何相同的ΔK水平下其抗疲劳裂纹扩展能力优于基体材料, 并表现出较高的疲劳门槛值. 其原因是复合材料中裂纹裂尖遇到增强颗粒时, 裂纹发生偏转, 特别是SiC颗粒自身微裂纹萌生有效降低了裂纹尖端的应力强度因子, 复合材料的裂纹闭合效应也随之增大. 去除裂纹闭合效应的影响, 当有效应力因子ΔK_eff作为裂纹扩展的驱动力时, 复合材料的裂纹扩展速率却高于基体.     

Si相对铸造Al-Si合金低温拉伸断裂行为的影响

对Al-1Si-0.3Mg和Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金在-80~20℃拉伸过程中的断裂行为进行研究。结果表明:随着温度的降低Al-1Si-0.3Mg合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度及伸长率均呈上升趋势;Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度上升,伸长率却明显下降;拉伸过程中Al-1Si-0.3Mg合金中位错在晶界塞积,易使相邻晶粒内位错源启动,使合金具有较高的塑性;Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金的位错在Si相边界塞积,使相邻晶粒内位错源难以启动,从而造成合金具有较高的强度。     

钢结硬质合金GJW50热疲劳开裂的探讨

对钢结硬质合金GJW50试样进行了冷热循环实验,观察了试样在热应力作用下热疲劳裂纹的萌生、扩展以及试样开裂的全过程。结果表明:热疲劳裂纹出现前,在试样的光滑缺口边缘上产生了明显的塑性变形,呈现出凹凸不平。在试样缺口顶端的凹坑内萌生首条裂纹,萌生地是小颗粒的WC粒子集聚区或大颗粒的WC"自裂纹"。萌生的首条裂纹沿着与热循环方向平行的方向扩展,最终成为主裂纹。其扩展途径主要为沿WC聚集区和钢基体相的界面扩展以及在大面积的WC粒子聚集区内扩展。主裂纹遇到钢基体相后受阻,裂纹尖端钝化、转向,寻找耗能少的区域扩展。主裂纹在扩展时形成二次裂纹,但未形成明显上的龟裂;最终,仍然是主裂纹导致试样断裂。     

La对定向凝固Al-4.5%Cu合金热疲劳性能的影响

采用自约束热疲劳试验机,对加入La的定向凝固Al-4.5%Cu合金进行热疲劳性能试验.结果表明,加入适量La对定向凝固Al-4.5%Cu合金的热疲劳性能有不同程度提高,其中,加入0.3%La的热疲劳试样疲劳性能较佳,达到热疲劳裂纹萌生所需的热疲劳循环次数最多;通过热疲劳循环次数与主裂纹长度的动态关系图,发现热疲劳裂纹的扩展有别于一般由机械交变载荷造成的常温疲劳,呈现先快后慢,阶段性扩展.     

热疲劳环境下多元Al-7.5Si-4Cu合金的裂纹萌生扩展

研究了多元Al-7.5Si-4Cu合金在不同热处理状态下的热疲劳性能。结果表明,与铸态试样和淬火+时效热处理试样相比,T6态试样的力学性能最好,微观组织均匀,热疲劳性能最优良。当热循环次数≥10 000时,T6状态与淬火+时效试样由于Si相和A12Cu相的出现降低了裂纹扩展速率,铸态试样由于A12Cu相复熔球的存在导致裂纹扩展速率急剧上升。     

保温时间和缺口半径对DZ951合金热疲劳性能的影响

通过扫描电子显微镜研究了保温时间和缺口半径对DZ951合金热疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,在相同上限温度下,随着保温时间的延长,合金裂纹萌生次数增加,热疲劳抗力提高。铸态合金热疲劳裂纹在碳化物处萌生。热处理合金通过氧化萌生裂纹。裂纹萌生后,主要通过氧化产生孔洞并通过孔洞相互连接使裂纹扩展。热疲劳裂纹沿着与枝晶生长方向呈45°角扩展。热处理合金具有优异的热疲劳性能。随着缺口半径的增加,应力集中减小,合金热疲劳性能提高。     

喷射沉积Al-Si/SiCp制动盘材料的热疲劳微裂纹扩展行为

采用V形缺口试样,研究喷射沉积Al-Si/SiCp复合材料制动盘在25(450 ℃热循环下的热疲劳行为.通过金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察了复合材料的组织和热疲劳裂纹形貌,研究热疲劳裂纹形成与扩展机制.结果表明:热疲劳主裂纹主要从V形缺口处萌生;在同样的热循环次数下,热处理前的试样要比热处理后的试样先出现裂纹,且裂纹扩展的速率较快;裂纹绕过Si颗粒向前扩展以及裂纹穿过Si颗粒向前扩展是裂纹与Si颗粒相互作用的主要机制;SiC颗粒与热疲劳裂纹有明显的交互作用.因此,改善Si相的形态和分布以及加强Al/SiC颗粒间的界面结合有利于提高热疲劳裂纹扩展的抗力.     

含有第二相的高强铝合金疲劳模型

基于疲劳裂纹尖端的应力和应变以及高强铝合金中不同尺度第二相性态对其延性的影响，建立了高强铝合金中粗大第二相、中间尺度第二相以及细小时效强化相性态与其疲劳裂纹扩展速率之间的多元非线性关系模型。结果表明：对于2024铝合金的疲劳扩展速率，该模型的预测趋势与他人的实验研究结果吻合良好。同时借助于对该模型的理论分析，提出了在确保高强铝合金强度不降低的前提下降低其疲劳裂纹扩展速率的优化方案。     

2吨模锻锤振动传播及现场实测

基于对２吨模锻锤引起的车间振动状况的实测结果，分析了致振原因及振动波的传播规律可供模锻锤振动及隔振研究参考     

Features of ultrasonic wave propagation to identify defects in composite materials modelled by finite element method

A two-dimensional plane strain finite element model with absorbing boundary condition has been developed to investigate the ultrasonic wave propagation in isotropic and orthotropic media. It is capable of simulating the experimental pulse echo technique to obtain A-scan data, when a short duration pulse is transmitted into a domain with or without a flaw. The flaw can either be a crack or an inclusion of different material such as a Teflon insert or a resin rich zone. After performing FFT on the A-scan data, frequency domain feature analysis is done. The study provides a guideline regarding the suitability of certain harmonics sensitive to certain types of flaw. The simulation shows other important artifacts of wave propagation such as mode conversion and scattering due to the presence of flaws.     

金属材料在循环载荷下塑性变形传播对疲劳性能的影响

对疲劳裂纹萌生寿命和扩展速率的研究表明，４０Ｃｒ钢调质和正火态存在加载频率效应，而１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ钢固溶处理态未发现加载频率效应。引起加载频率效应的实质是，随加载频率不断提高，金属材料塑性变形传播速度不断减小，从而改变塑性区特性。     

MgB_2超导带材的失超传播特性研究

采用原位法粉末装管工艺(In-situ)制备了MgB2/Fe/Cu单芯线材,通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能谱分析和物性测试仪等手段研究了热处理温度对线材微观结构及超导电性的影响。结果显示,在热处理过程中,超导芯丝与包套材料之间有Fe2B中间界面层产生。并且随着热处理温度的升高,Fe2B层厚度也逐渐增加。同时,热处理温度对线材的临界电流密度(Jc)有显著影响:在低场下(<4.5T),700℃制备线材具有高的Jc值;在高场下,750℃制备线材具有高的Jc值;800℃制备线材的Jc随磁场增加而迅速减小。微观结构分析结果表明,增加MgB2中晶界密度和改善连接性是获得高Jc线材的关键。     

Models of thermal conductivity of multilayer wear resistant coatings

The thermal conductivity of non-metallic nano- and microstructured materials is a key parameter when considering wear resistant coatings. Here, different models of phonon transport and estimation of thermal conductivity are analyzed. The hopping mechanism of phonon transport was found to be applicable for small-grain-size materials in understanding thermal conductivity, whereas large grain size materials can be studied using the correlation function approach. The Chapman–Enskog approach to the Boltzmann transport equation assuming that the transport of phonons is controlled by scattering on the grain boundaries has been analyzed. The Fourier law of thermal conductivity is obtained with the thermal conductivity inversely proportional to the specific surface of the boundaries.     

微观结构对板条马氏体启裂和裂纹稳态扩展的影响

研究了具有典型板条马氏体组织的低碳合金结构钢启裂和裂纹早期扩展阻力与微观组织结构、断裂过程中消耗功之间关系。结果表明：板条马氏体微观组织结构决定裂纹尖端塑性约束程度；微观组织结构特征不同，裂纹尖端塑性约束程度不同，启裂过程和裂纹早期扩展过程中消耗的弹性能和塑性功不同，导致材料抵抗裂纹稳态扩展的阻有较大差异。     

LY12/Cu双金属层合板的疲劳性能(Ⅱ) ——角裂纹

对爆炸复合双层金属板LY12 /Cu和LY12 /LY12中L T取向角裂纹的疲劳扩展行为进行了对比性实验研究和理论分析。结果表明 ,双层金属板的界面相性能、体积分数及界面两侧材料的性能差异对层合板中角裂纹的疲劳扩展具有重要影响。对由不同金属构成的双层复合板 ,角裂纹疲劳扩展过程中试样两侧面的裂纹长度不同 ,并且随着裂纹扩展其差距逐渐加大 ,但存在最大值Δac。当两侧面裂纹长度差Δa <Δac 时 ,两侧裂纹扩展速率不同 ;当Δa≥Δac 时 ,两侧裂纹扩展速率相同。对整个裂纹扩展过程可用Δac 和其后任一侧的裂纹扩展ΔK—da/dN曲线共同描述。     

AN IN SITU STUDY ON DEFORMATION TWINNING NEAR CRACK TIP IN TWO－PHASE TiAl－BASE ALIOY

ＡＮＩＮＳＩＴＵＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＤＥＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＴＷＩＮＮＩＮＧＮＥＡＲＣＲＡＣＫＴＩＰＩＮＴＷＯ－ＰＨＡＳＥＴｉＡｌ－ＢＡＳＥＡＬＩＯＹＷＬｉａｎｇ￣１,２）,Ｑ．Ｌｉ￣２）ａｎｄＤ．ＺＹａｎｇ￣２）（ＣｅｎｔｒｅｏｆＭｅａｓｕｒｉｎｇａｎｄＴ...     

Ultrasonic inspection of long steel pipes using Lamb waves

An ultrasonic inspection technique using Lamb waves was evaluated to detect and determine the exact location of flaws present in long steel pipes. Since multiple modes of Lamb waves are generated due to their dispersive characteristics in the inspected pipes, the selection of a specific Lamb wave mode is very important for inspection of flaws. Experimental studies of flaw detectability with the use of each Lamb wave mode, namely, the A₀ S₀, A₁, and S₁ modes and their ultrasonic attenuation characteristics were conducted. The experimental results showed that the A₀ mode is the most effective for detection and exact determination of the location flaws. A lucite wedge containing a water column that generates the A₀ Lamb wave mode was developed and used in the present inspection study. It was found that the ultrasonic beam divergence after wrapping around the inspected pipe once interferes with exact determination of the location of flaws and that the maximum reflection signals are obtained when the transducer is offset axially from the straight line with the position of the flaw. The present study showed feasibilities of ultrasonic inspection with the use of Lamb waves for detection of flaws in insulated or inaccessible steel pipes.     

Fatigue crack growth rate in underwater wet welds: out of water evaluation

The characteristics of fatigue crack propagation in welds produced in conventional conditions (welds made out of water) and in underwater repair welding conditions (underwater wet welding) were evaluated out of water. The fatigue crack growth rates da/dN showed considerable dependence on pore density and distribution, factors that vary significantly with the welding process and the environment. Variations in the fatigue crack propagation rate were correlated with analysis of the fracture surface in the zone of stable crack propagation. The results of this study show that the underwater wet welding procedure produces weld metal resistant to fatigue, which is suitable for use at low applied stresses in offshore structures.