四喷嘴对置式气化炉拱顶加高扩产增效改造实践

针对兖矿鲁南化工有限公司1~#、2~#气化炉拱顶耐火砖使用寿命短的问题,进行了原因分析,发现主要为气化炉拱顶长径比过小的设计缺陷所致。通过对气化炉拱顶加高等一系列的技术改造,气化炉的单烧嘴氧流量提高到7 000 m~3/h以上,系统负荷提升了15%,耐火砖的运行寿命延长到8 000 h左右,经济及社会效益明显。     

浅谈新型气化炉拱顶耐火砖损蚀因素

简要介绍了拱顶耐火砖蚀损因素,相应技改措施和效果,以及兖矿国泰化工有限公司是如何延长气化炉拱顶耐火砖使用寿命的。     

工艺操作对多喷嘴气化炉拱顶砖的影响

分析了煤种、炉温、运行管理、装置开停车及烧嘴等对多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化炉运行和拱顶耐火砖使用寿命的影响。通过优化操作,拱顶耐火砖运行周期已延长至15000h,标志着多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化技术的工业应用更趋成熟、完善。     

四喷嘴气化炉炉顶二次补汽(气)气化新方式的探讨

针对四喷嘴气化炉工艺烧嘴使用寿命短、拱顶耐火砖寿命短、不适应水冷壁结构等瓶颈问题,探索四喷嘴气化炉炉顶二次补汽(气)气化新方式。结果表明,二次补汽(气)气化新方式在高浓度水煤浆气化和干粉煤气化中具有明显的应用优势:能够消除四喷嘴向上撞击流股,可适应四喷嘴气化炉的水冷壁结构;能够强化氧、煤间的反应,降低烧嘴平面和拱顶温度,延长工艺烧嘴和耐火砖使用寿命;能够充分利用炉顶高温热能强化水解和CO_2还原反应,增加有效气产量和系统产能;可增加炉温及煤粒在炉内停留时间的调控手段,使气化反应更趋向于按人为意愿进行控制。     

煤气化发电与甲醇联产工程项目建设和运行总结

介绍了煤气化发电与甲醇联产系统空分、气化、净化、甲醇合成、燃气发电等的技术方案,讨论、分析了四喷嘴对置式新型水煤浆气化炉的性能与技术特点;并对气化炉在原始开车过程中出现的双炉拱顶超温现象进行了分析,通过调整烧嘴结构、优化操作,大大提升了拱顶耐火砖的使用寿命。运行稳定后,气化炉中合成气有效成分84.9%,碳转化率98%～99%,渣中可燃物5%～15%,吨甲醇耗煤1.35t,热电偶平均使用寿命≥2个月。     

四喷嘴水煤浆气化炉内衬膨胀缝耐火砖改型方案

某煤化工企业有8套四喷嘴水煤浆加压气化装置(8台四喷嘴水煤浆气化炉,六开二备),其气化炉燃烧室耐火衬里拱顶及上膨胀缝处气流流场复杂,耐火砖冲蚀严重,而上膨胀缝耐火砖运行时长(约8000h)较拱顶耐火砖运行时长(约16000h)短一个周期,正常检修更换上膨胀缝耐火砖必须连带拆除整个拱顶耐火砖,不仅费时费力,而且需一并更换...     

多喷嘴对置式水煤浆加压气化炉拱顶耐火砖蚀损机理及应对措施分析

分析了多喷嘴对置式水煤浆加压气化炉拱顶耐火砖蚀损的主要机理,即炉内流场分布规律决定了拱顶部位是耐火砖的薄弱环节,气化炉设计尺寸、对应操作压力、负荷、工艺喷嘴装配尺寸是主要影响因素.从设备、操作、管理等方面总结了避免拱顶耐火砖蚀损过快的应对措施.目前,拱顶耐火砖累计使用周期已超过8000h.     

新型气化炉耐火材料有关问题的探讨

简要介绍了多喷嘴对置式水煤浆加压气化炉燃烧室内衬耐火材料的结构和选用原则,分析了耐火砖的蚀损机理、烧蚀模式及影响耐火砖使用寿命的因素,对提高耐火砖使用寿命的措施进行了探讨。目前,气化炉拱项耐火砖使用寿命已突破15000h,且仍有延长空间,耐火砖的蚀损速率明显降低,为气化系统的长周期、安全、稳定、高效运行奠定了基础。     

多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化技术在工程应用中的优化及改造

介绍了气化炉拱顶及耐火砖结构的优化和对水洗塔、蒸发热水塔内件结构的改造。通过增大气化炉拱顶高径比,耐火砖寿命已超过12 000 h;减薄背衬砖厚度,增大了炉膛的有效容积,提高了气化炉的处理能力;采用塔盘式闪蒸-换热一体化技术,在水洗塔的上部、中部分别放置2~4层泡罩、筛孔塔盘,结合除尘工艺,实现了多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化装置出气化界区合成气中含尘质量浓度低于1 mg/m~3(标态)的目标。     

四喷嘴气化工艺技术优化总结

介绍了四喷嘴气化炉的结构和工艺特点,对多家同行企业较好的改造项目进行总结,通过对工艺烧嘴、拱顶砖结构、事故烧嘴冷却水槽、渣口压差表、洗涤塔塔板、蒸发热水塔、过剩低压闪蒸汽利用和烧嘴冷却水回水分离罐等技改的实施,达到优化装置运行指标、提高装置安全性能、增加运行周期、实现节能降耗、提升竞争力的目的。     

The study of the effect of gas-phase fluctuation on slag flow and refractory brick corrosion in the slag tapping hole of an entrained-flow gasifier

The service life of refractory brick in the slag tapping hole of the entrained flow gasifier was significantly lower than that in other locations. It was critically important to study the corrosion mechanism of refractory brick in the slag tapping hole for guiding industrial production. Considering the complex flow field in the slag tapping hole, the influence of gas velocity and temperature fluctuation on the service life of refractory brick was investigated in this study. The results showed th...     

新型四喷嘴气化炉技术的发展现状

主要是介绍新型四喷嘴气化炉技术通过技术改进以及不断优化,现今的运行状况。首先通过煤气化技术发展以及与其它煤气化技术比较概述了新型四喷嘴气化炉技术的技术优势,然后简要介绍了影响新型气化炉系统长周期稳定运行的两个关键因素,并分别针对两个关键因素烧嘴、耐火砖的改进、维护方法,以及通过优化现今使用寿命进行了详细阐述。     

水煤浆加压气化炉耐火砖渣蚀机理浅析

通过对使用后的耐火砖残砖取样分析,了解高铬砖显微结构和成分变化,找出气化炉内不同高铬砖受熔渣侵蚀损毁的机理。结果表明：对于结构相同的耐火砖,熔渣成分、温度和耐火砖的内部致密程度及杂质含量是影响耐火砖渣蚀速率的主要因素。     

气化炉用后高铬砖的渣蚀机理

采用扫描电镜和XRD等分析方法,对石油焦气化炉和水煤浆气化炉用后高铬砖及渣蚀试验砖的显微结构进行了观察与分析。根据高铬砖显微结构变化,研究了在不同气化炉内高铬砖受熔渣侵蚀损毁的机理。结果表明:石油焦气化炉用高铬砖中的Cr2O3与熔渣中的V2O5接触反应,在低温下形成液相而被熔蚀,是其蚀损的主要原因;水煤浆气化炉用高铬砖蚀损的主要原因是Cr2O3在熔渣里的溶解和ZrO2的熔蚀;LIRR-HK95砖由于成分和结构的优化,抗石油焦渣侵蚀性能好。     

Spalling degradation of Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2 refractories for coal-water slurry gasifier linings: Role of phosphate

Two kinds of high chromia bricks with and without phosphate as gasifier linings were postmortem analyzed during their whole service life. The effect of phosphate on the microstructure and phase composition of refractory sections was analyzed. The dense phosphate enrichment layer was observed between the slag penetration layer and the virgin layer, which was considered to reduce the damage of gasifier lining caused by spalling. Phosphate could decompose and migrate slowly under suitable temperature gradient existing in the bricks in service, which would result in the densification of the microstructure earlier than slag penetration. The phosphate in high chromia bricks reduced frequency of spalling due to penetration, which would lead to the lower early wear rate and longer lifetime.     

Study on Microstructure and Slag Corrosion Mechanism of High Chrome Bricks for Gasifier

1 Introduction The gasifier like Texaco style is of important tech- nical equipment for ammonia synthesis and production of carbamide, carbinol and ethylene etc. Due to differ- ent energy resource structure, petroleum coke is adopt- ed as rawmaterial in A…     

气化炉拱顶耐火隔热衬里层传热关键影响因素分析

以某化肥装置天然气气化炉的典型工业运行实测数据为基准,采用稳态传热理论对气化炉拱顶外壁温度进行理论传热计算校验,通过对拱顶耐火隔热衬里层传热关键因素的灵敏度分析,表明莫来石隔热砖层对拱顶外壁温度的影响最大,从理论上证明了控制拱顶耐火隔热衬里层传热的关键物性参数是隔热砖的导热系数。因此,在拱顶耐火隔热衬里层设计计算中选取...     

Wear Mechanisms of Chromia Refractories in Slagging Gasifiers

The hot-face refractory lining is a key component of gasification systems. The refractory liner protects the gasification system from the high-temperature corrosive gaseous and from the molten slag environment associated with the conversion of carbon feedstocks. This paper will discuss the effect of gasifier operating conditions and carbon feedstock slag/ash chemistry on the refractory service life. Particular attention is focused on the wear mechanism of chromia refractories, determined through postmortem analysis of spent refractory bricks from service in gasifiers. Also presented is the behavior of a phosphate-containing chromia refractory with improved resistance to structural spalling.     

Properties of MgO–Fe–C refractories as linings of vanadium-extraction converter

For the purpose to extend the service life of MgO–C bricks used as linings of vanadium-extraction converters, MgO–Fe–C bricks with different carbon content were designed and the properties of this novel refractory were investigated by comparing to the traditional MgO–C bricks. The results showed that the poor service life of MgO–C bricks was due to the poor sinterability of the oxidized layer at 1400 °C, whereas the oxidized layer of MgO–Fe–C brick was well sintered due to the oxidation of Fe particles in the oxidized layer and formation of MgO–FeO_ss in air atmosphere. Excellent oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance against vanadium containing slag were also obtained due to the increase of compactness of oxidized layer and concentration of FeO in the oxidized layer compared to MgO–C bricks, and it is considered that MgO–Fe–C brick is a favorable substitute of MgO–C refractory to be used as linings of vanadium-extraction converters.